资源描述
动词不定式的用法
动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种,它没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能独立作谓语。
• 动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。因此在句中可以做主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
• 动词不定式 的构成: to+动词原形
功能:
一.动词不定式作宾语
• 后面能接不定式作宾语的动词有:agree, ask, choose, decide, forget, hope, learn, want, wish, would like等。如:
We hope to get there before dark. 我们希望天黑以前到那儿。
The girl decided to do it herself. 那个姑娘决定自己做那件事。
动词不定式作宾语的注意事项(2点)
1.有些动词既可跟不定式作宾语,也可跟动名词作宾语,但含义不同:
remember to do 记住要做某事;remember doing 记得曾经做过某事
forget to do忘记要做某事 forget doing 忘记曾经做过某事
stop to do 停下来去做某事 stop doing 停止做某事
go on to do 继续做另一件事 go on doing 继续做原来在做的事
I remember seeing you somewhere before.
我记得以前在哪儿见过你。
Please remember to turn off the light when you leave.
离开时请记得关好灯。
2.不定式作宾语时,如带有宾语补足语,则要把不定式放到后面,用it作形式宾语,构成“主语+动词+it+宾补(形容词、名词)+不定式”结构。如:
He found it very difficult to get to sleep.
他发现很难入睡。
二.动词不定式作宾语补足语
1.后面能接to不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:ask, order, teach, tell, want, wish, help等。
The teacher told us to do Exercise 1. 老师要我们做练习一。
I want both of you to go. 我要你们俩去。
We helped her (to) repair her bike. 我们帮助她修理自行车。
2.使役动词let, have, make及感官动词see, watch, notice,\ hear,listen to\ feel等要以不带to的不定式作宾补。
Let’s have a rest. 我们休息一会吧。
I saw him come in. 我看见他进来了。
感官动词后既可跟不带to的不定式作宾补,也可跟v-ing作宾补,前者表示动作的全部过程已结束;后者表示动作正在进行。
I saw him come downstairs.我看见他下了楼。(说明他下楼了这件事)
I saw him coming downstairs.我看见他在下楼。(说明他下楼时的情景)
动词不定式的否定形式
• 动词不定式的否定式是在to前加not;不带to的不定式则在动词前加not. 如:
Zhang Ming asked me not to stay at home all day.
张明要我不要整天呆在家里。
My mother let me not do it by myself.
妈妈让我不要独自做这件事。
三.动词不定式做定语
不定式作定语时,应放在被修饰词的后面,而且放在其他后置定语之后
I have something to say.
He has a lot of homework to do .
He is looking for a room to live in .
There is nothing to worry about.
如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词.)
不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等,即使是及物动词,不定式后面仍须有相应的介词。 Please give me a pen to write with
不定式所修饰的名词如果是time, place或way,不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去。 He had no money and no place to live. 他没钱没地方住
something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。
注意比较:
1. Do you have anything to send?你有什么东西要寄吗?(不定式to send的动作执行者是you)
2. Do you have anything to be sent? 你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗?
(不定式to be sent的动作执行者是已被省略的me或someone else)
四.动词不定式作状语
I came here to see you.( 目的)
He got up early to catch the train。 (结果)
短语: in order to , (目的)为了。。。。
so as to ,(目的)以便。。。。
enough to , (结果)
too….to.,( 结果)
五. 动词不定式作主语:(常常可以it 作主语来改写句子。)
1.To hand in your homework on time is important.
It is important to hand in you r homework on time.
2.To plant trees every year is very necessary .
It is very necessary to plant trees every year.
六. 动词不定式作表语:
1. My dream is to be a great football player.
2. My purpose is to help you solve your proplem.
关于小品词to:
1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要省略该动词.
eg: Would you like to go with me ?
I’d like to .
2). 不定式是to be 结构, be 不可省
eg: Would you like to be a teacher?
I’d like to be.
带疑问词的动词不定式
不定式与疑问词who,which, when, how, what 等连用,在句中起名词作用,可充当主语、表语、宾语等。
He didn’t know what to say.他不知道说什么。(宾语)
How to solve the problem is very important.如何解决这个问题很重要。(主语) My question is when to start.我的问题是什么时候开始。(表语)
注意:
• 在与why连用时,只用于why或why not开头的简短疑问句中,后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to。
Why not have a rest?
固定句型
1. had better/had best + (not) do sth. 最好(不)做某事
2. Why (not) do sth.?
3. …prefer to do/prefer doing
4. …prefer + n./doing A +to + n./doing B
5. …prefer + to do A rather than (to) do B
6. …would rather (not) do sth.
7. …would rather do A than (do) B
8.
4
展开阅读全文