动词不定式的用法.doc

动词不定式的用法动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能独立作谓语。 动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。因此在句中可以做主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。 动词不定式 的构成： to+动词原形 功能：一动词不定式作宾语 后面能接不定式作宾语的动词有：agree, ask, choose, decide, forget, hope, learn, want, wish, would like等。如：We hope to get there before dark. 我们希望天黑以前到那儿。The girl decided to do it herself. 那个姑娘决定自己做那件事。动词不定式作宾语的注意事项（2点）1有些动词既可跟不定式作宾语，也可跟动名词作宾语，但含义不同： remember to do 记住要做某事；remember doing 记得曾经做过某事 forget to do忘记要做某事 forget doing 忘记曾经做过某事 stop to do 停下来去做某事 stop doing 停止做某事 go on to do 继续做另一件事 go on doing 继续做原来在做的事 I remember seeing you somewhere before. 我记得以前在哪儿见过你。 Please remember to turn off the light when you leave. 离开时请记得关好灯。 2不定式作宾语时，如带有宾语补足语，则要把不定式放到后面，用it作形式宾语，构成“主语+动词+it+宾补（形容词、名词）+不定式”结构。如： He found it very difficult to get to sleep. 他发现很难入睡。二动词不定式作宾语补足语 1后面能接to不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask, order, teach, tell, want, wish, help等。The teacher told us to do Exercise 1. 老师要我们做练习一。 I want both of you to go. 我要你们俩去。 We helped her (to) repair her bike. 我们帮助她修理自行车。 2使役动词let, have, make及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear,listen to feel等要以不带to的不定式作宾补。 Lets have a rest. 我们休息一会吧。 I saw him come in. 我看见他进来了。感官动词后既可跟不带to的不定式作宾补，也可跟v-ing作宾补，前者表示动作的全部过程已结束；后者表示动作正在进行。I saw him come downstairs.我看见他下了楼。（说明他下楼了这件事）I saw him coming downstairs.我看见他在下楼。（说明他下楼时的情景）动词不定式的否定形式 动词不定式的否定式是在to前加not；不带to的不定式则在动词前加not. 如： Zhang Ming asked me not to stay at home all day. 张明要我不要整天呆在家里。 My mother let me not do it by myself. 妈妈让我不要独自做这件事。 三动词不定式做定语不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面，而且放在其他后置定语之后I have something to say.He has a lot of homework to do .He is looking for a room to live in .There is nothing to worry about.如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词.)不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等，即使是及物动词，不定式后面仍须有相应的介词。 Please give me a pen to write with不定式所修饰的名词如果是time, place或way，不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去。 He had no money and no place to live. 他没钱没地方住something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。注意比较：1. Do you have anything to send?你有什么东西要寄吗？（不定式to send的动作执行者是you）2. Do you have anything to be sent? 你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？ （不定式to be sent的动作执行者是已被省略的me或someone else）四动词不定式作状语I came here to see you.（ 目的）He got up early to catch the train。 （结果）短语： in order to , （目的）为了。so as to ,（目的）以便。enough to , （结果） too.to.,（ 结果）五 动词不定式作主语：(常常可以it 作主语来改写句子。)1.To hand in your homework on time is important.It is important to hand in you r homework on time.2.To plant trees every year is very necessary .It is very necessary to plant trees every year. 六 动词不定式作表语： 1. My dream is to be a great football player. 2. My purpose is to help you solve your proplem.关于小品词to： 1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要省略该动词.eg: Would you like to go with me ? Id like to .2). 不定式是to be 结构, be 不可省eg: Would you like to be a teacher? Id like to be.带疑问词的动词不定式不定式与疑问词who,which, when, how, what 等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。He didnt know what to say.他不知道说什么。(宾语) How to solve the problem is very important.如何解决这个问题很重要。(主语) My question is when to start.我的问题是什么时候开始。(表语)注意： 在与why连用时，只用于why或why not开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to。 Why not have a rest?固定句型1. had better/had best + (not) do sth. 最好（不）做某事2. Why (not) do sth.?3. prefer to do/prefer doing4. prefer + n./doing A +to + n./doing B5. prefer + to do A rather than (to) do B6. would rather (not) do sth.7. would rather do A than (do) B8. 4