七年级上册语法.doc

介词/动词/名词/情态动词用法at Call me at 13534555.请拨打电话13534555找我。at school 在学校 at home 在家 at the library在图书馆 at a good price以一个不错的价格。at eight oclock在八点钟of a set of keys 一串钥匙 a photo of my family一张我的全家福a pair of一对/一副 a pair of shoes一双鞋for thanks for/ thank you for为而感谢Thanks for helping me.=Thanks for your help.谢谢你帮助我askfor向要. Please ask your teacher for help.请向你的老师寻求帮助。for+餐名“针对于某一餐” for dessert 对于甜点I have milk and bread for breakfast.我早餐吃面包喝牛奶。He has chicken and rice for lunch.他午餐吃鸡肉和米饭。She eats hamburgers and vegetable salad for dinner. 他晚餐吃汉堡包和蔬菜沙拉。They eat fruit salad and ice cream for dessert.他们甜点吃水果沙拉和冰淇淋。for+某一名词“表用途”I need a sweater for school.我需要一件上学穿的毛衣。for+价钱 This skirt is only for 12 dollars.这条裙子只售12美元。for+段时间：表示用了多久时间，用how long来提问 for two hours用了两个小时about askabout询问某人关于. Ask Tom about his eating habits. 问问汤姆的饮食习惯。Tellabout告诉关于.Tell me about your school life.After after school放学后 after class下课后 after dinner正餐后on on the floor 在地板上 on Wednesday 在星期三（星期前用on）on February 2nd,1997在1997年2月2日 on a nice day在一个晴朗的天气里 on sale在促销 watchon TV 在电视上观看in in the lost and found case 在失物招领箱里 in English用英语 in all colors各种颜色in January在一月份 in 2012 在2012年 in the morning 在早上in the afternoon在下午 in the evening在晚上 under under the table在桌子下面betweenand在和之间 with playwith.和一起玩let sb(人称代词宾格)动词原Let us play basketball. That sounds good/ boring.want to+动词原形 I want to buy some strawberries. need to+动词原形like+ving I like watching TV. I like tomatoes.can后接动词原形 I can play baseball well.（副词修饰动词）an hour一小时 an English boy an eraserShe does her homework every evening. She doesnt do her homework every evening.How much is the skirt? = Whats the price of the skirt? Its 7dollars.What is your favorite subject?=What subject do you like best?你最喜欢什么科目My favorite subject is English. = I like English best.我最喜欢英语。Whats the date today? It is January fourth.询问今天几号？What day is it today? It is Friday.询问星期She is eight years old.=She is an eight-year-old girl.她是个八岁的女孩。上文提到，下文再提要用定冠词the；序数词前也要用定冠词the可数名词变复数：buses boxes watches families特殊疑问词：who谁 when什么时候 where什么地方 what什么 why为什么 what time什么时间 which 哪一个 whose谁的 how怎么样序数词：first第一 second第二 third第三 fifth第五 twelfth第十二be late for迟到 fromto.从到 eating habit饮食习惯Starter Unit11早上好！Good morning, Frank! Good morning, Eric!2下午好！Good afternoon, Bob!Good afternoon, Lynn!3晚上好！Good evening, Cindy! Good evening, Alice!4晚安！Good night! 晚安！Good night! 5你好吗？How are you? Im fine, thanks.一般情况下，回答者还要反问对方：And you? 或者是 How are you? 这是第一位打招呼者要回答：Im fine, too. 或者 Im OK.6Hello 和 Hi 都表示“你好”的意思。其答语也是 Hello 和 Hi。不分时间段，可作为同学、同事、熟人及朋友之间的招呼用语，后者更随意亲切。7How do you do?你好吗？ 答语：How do you do?用于俩人初次见面8Nice to meet you！见到你很高兴！答语：Nice to meet you, too！见到你也很高兴！9我可以进来吗？May I come in? 答语：Come in!10Thanks.=Thank you.谢谢 答语为：Thats all right或者You are welcome.11Fine指身体好。也可以说：Im fine. = Im OK. Starter Unit21. Whats this in English? 这个用英语怎么讲？Its an orange. 这是个橙子。2. Whats that in English? 那个用英语怎么讲？Its a jacket. 这是件夹克衫。总结：Whats = What is ; Its = It is in English用英语this:用于指时间或空间上较近的人或事物；that用于指时间或空间上较远的人或事物。a用于以辅音音素开头的可数名词单词前；an用于以元音音素开头的可数名词单词前如：eraser, apple, egg, orange, example, answer, English3Spell it, please. 请拼写 =How do you spell it? 你怎样拼写它？ M-A-P.Starter Unit31. What color is it? 这个用英语怎么讲？ Its red. 这是个橙子。2. Whats this? -Its S. What color is it? -Its red/black and white.What color 什么颜色 用Its来回答 两种并列的颜色用and来连接Unit 11. Whats your name? 你叫什么名字？My names Tom. / My name is Tom. Im Tom. / I am Tom. 我叫汤姆。总结：Whats your/ her /his name? 你的/她的/他的名字是什么？My/ Her/ His name is我的/她的/她的名字是分析：whats=what is Im= I am names=name is shes=she is hes= he is2. .Is he Jack? 他是杰克吗？Yes, he is. 是，他是。No, he isnt. His names Mike.不，他不是。他是麦克。 . Are you Helen?你是海伦吗？ Yes, I am. 是的，我是。No, Im not . Im Gina. 不，我不是。我是吉娜。总结：一般疑问句Be+主语+其他？Yes,主语+be No,主语+be not3. Whats your/his/her telephone number? 你的电话号码是多少？Its 281-9176. / My/His/Her telephone number is 281-9176.4. first name=given name名字 last name= family name姓氏Whats your/his/her first name? 你的名字是什么？ My/His/Her first name is Mary. 我的名字是玛丽。Whats your/her/his last name? 你的姓氏是什么？ M/Her/His last name is Brown. 我的姓氏是布朗。5. be动词的运用口诀I 用 am； you用are； is用于he/ she/ it； 单数用is；复数一律都用are6. 语法人称代词主格：I 我 you 你 she 她 he 他 it 它 We 我们 you 你们 they 他们 人称代词宾格：me 我 you 你 her 她 him 他 it 它 us 我们 you 你们 them 他们形容词性物主代词：my 我的 your 你的 her 她的his 他的its 它的 our 我们的 your 你们的 their 他们的名词性物主代词：mine 我的 yours 你的 hers 她的 his他的 its它的 ours 我们的 yours你们的 theirs 他们的Unit2句型1. This is my sister. 这是我妹妹。 That is my grandfather. 那是我的祖父。总结：介绍人用This is 2. These are my brothers. 这是我的兄弟们Those are my parents. 那是我的父母3. Who is she/ he? 她是谁？ She/He is my sister/ brother.Who are they? 他们是谁？They are my grandparents.他们是我的祖父母。总结：who is= whos who are= whore hes= he is shes= she is4. Here are two nice photos of my family. 这有两张我的不错的全家福。解析：Here be (are/ is).倒装句 （由后面名词决定be动词的单复数Unit3句型1. This is my pencil. 这是我的铅笔。 Is this your pencil? 这是你的铅笔吗？ Yes, it is. Its mine. 是的，它是。它是我的。No, it isnt. Its hers. 2. That is my schoolbag. 那是我的书包。 Is that your schoolbag? Yes, it is. 是的，它是。 No, it isnt. Its his. 不，它不是。那是他的。3. These are my books. 这些是我的书。 Are these your books?Yes, they are. 是的，它们是No, they arent. Theyre hers. 不，不是。是她的。4. Those are her keys. 那些事她的书。 Are those her keys? Yes, they are. 是的，它们是。 No, they arent. Theyre mine. 总结：陈述句变一般疑问句的规则：第一步找到be动词（am/ is/ are）将其提前；第二步我（I/ my）很特殊，其改为you/ your；第三步将句号改为问号。Some改为any, and 改成or.其他保持不变。its = it is isnt = is not arent = are not theyre = they are5. How do you spell it? 你怎样拼写它？ P-E-N. Spell it, please. 请拼写它。P-E-N. Can you spell it? 你能拼写它吗？ Yes. P-E-N.Unit 4句型1. Wheres the map? 地图在哪里？ Its in your grandparents room. 2. Where are my books? 我的书在哪里？ Theyre under the bed. 总结：Where is +单数名词? Its +in/ on / under the +方位. Where are +复数名词? Theyre+ in/ on / under the +方位.Wheres = where is its = it is theyre = they are3. I dont know. 我不知道。四、语法 possessive case of nouns名词所有格：表示所属关系单数名词：加s Mikes baseball your fathers room复数名词：不以s结尾， 加s Childrens Day儿童节 以s结尾，加 your grandparents roomLucys and Lilys bedrooms 露西和莉莉的卧室 （分别拥有）Lucy and Lilys bedroom 露西和莉莉的卧室（共同拥有）2. on 在上 in 在里面 under 在.下面 behind 在后面 betweenand在和之间Unit 5句型1. Do you /theyhave a ping-pong ball? Yes, I/we/they do. / No, I/we/they dont.Does she/he have a tennis ball? Yes, she/he does. / No, she/he doesnt.总结：have 是实义动词，其第三人称单数是has do/ does 在此处为助动词，do是原形does为其第三人称单数；帮助构成一般疑问句和肯否定回答，无意义 当主语为第一人称、第二人称、复数时用have/ do当主语是第三人称单数时用has/does含实义动词的句子变一般疑问句的规则：.选择助动词do/ does，将其放于句首，注意首字母要大写.若主语为第一人称将其改为第二人称，若是其他人称则保持不变.句子的动词一定要用原形.标点符号由句号改为问号。. 若原肯定句含有some,应将其改为any; 含有and, 要改为or肯否定回答：Yes,主语+助动词；No, 主语+助动词+not2. Let me get it.让我们去取它。Lets go and find him.让我们去找他。总结：let sb do sth让某人做某事 sb 用宾格 do此处指任何一个动词的原形常见宾格：me我 us 我们you 你you你们 him他 her 她it它 them他们Lets与let us 的区别：lets包含听话者在内； let us不包含听话者在内其答语为：OK/ All right.好的。/ Yes, lets好的，让我们。/That sounds a good idea. 那听起来不错。/A good idea.好主意。为肯定回答；否定用：Sorry, I3. Were late! 我们迟到了！ 总结：be late for迟到 He is late for class today.4. That sounds good.听起来很好。总结：sound听起来 主语that单数，所以sound用第三人称单数5. I dont have a ping-pong bat.我没有乒乓球拍。He doesnt have a volleyball .他没有排球总结：含有实义动词的句子，在变否定句时，借助于助动词dont/ doesnt若主语为第一人称、第二人称、复数用dont；若主语为第三人称单数用doesnt. 若原肯定句含有some,应将其改为any; 含有and, 要改为or6. I want to play basketball.我想打篮球。总结：want to do sth想要去做某事7. I love sports 我爱运动。总结：love的同义词是like 后接ving8. Its easy for me.对我来说很容易。总结：It is + adj.+for sb to do sth. 做某事对某人来说是. (sb要用宾格 do要用原形)9. and 表并列，She is a good student and he is also a good student. but表转折 She has a sister, but she doesnt have a brother.四、语法 present simple tense形式: 主语（第一、二人称和复数）+ 动词原形 + 宾语 主语（第三人称单数）+ 动词词尾要加-s + 宾语 构成：一般现在时用行为动词的原形，但第三人称单数作主语时，动词的词尾要加-s。 动词由原形变第三人称单数的规则变化：一般的动词词尾+s。如：playplays 以sh /ch /s/x结尾的词+es. 如： brushbrushes teachteaches 以辅音字母y结尾的把y变成i，+es 如： carrycarries studystudies 辅音字母+o结尾的+es. 如：dodoes gogoes 不规则变化：have 第三人称单数为has用法概念：1.表示经常的或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。 2.表示主语具备的性格、能力和特征。 3.表示现在的状态。 4.表示客观事实和普遍真理。 5.有些表示状态和感觉的动词表示现在发生的具体行为时，只用一般现在时，而不用 进行时态。 一般现在时的用法： 1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。 时间状语：often, always, usually, sometimes ,every morning/ night/ day/ week morning/nig twice a week ,never. 如：I read English every morning. She sometimes goes shopping on Sundays. 2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。如：The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 3) 表示格言或警句中。如：Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。 4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。如：I dont want so much. He writes good English but does not speak well. Unit 6句型1 Do you like salad? 你喜欢沙拉吗Yes, I do ./ No, I dont.Do they like pears? 他们喜欢梨吗？Yes, theydo./ No, they dont.Does she like tomatoes? 她喜欢吃西红柿吗？Yes, she does. /No, she doesnt总结：like后接名词，若可数，应用可数名词的复数，接VingSb. have/ has sth. for+某餐 “某人某餐吃某物”He has bread for lunch.have breakfast吃早餐 have lunch吃午餐have supper吃晚餐have dinner吃正餐，也指吃晚餐 （某一餐前一般无冠词，但如果前面有修饰词时，修饰词前用不定冠词a/an）I have a quick breakfast.我快速地吃了早饭语法 总结一般现在时一般疑问句的结构：Do/ Does+主语+动词原形+其他？（期中do/does是助动词，无实际意义；当主语是第三人称单数，助动词用does，其他情况用do）肯定回答：Yes, 主语+do/does. 否定回答：No, 主语+dont/doesnt.主语和助动词都和疑问句中主语和助动词一致；除主语是you,此时回答的主语应该为I/ we 如：Do you like salad? Yes, I do. No, I dont.Does she like apples? Yes, she does. No, she doesnt.可数名词单数变复数(规则变化)构成原则读音例词一般情况直接加s清辅音后读/s/浊辅音后读/z/book-books /buks/key-keys /ki:z/以s, sh, ch, x结尾加es读作/iz/bus-buses, box-boxes watch-watchesbrushbrushes以o结尾的词除了“两人两物”加es, 其他的加s两人两物：negro, hero, potato, tomatophoto-photos,以f/fe结尾的词，将f/fe变成v后加esthief 小偷, knife小刀, life生命, leaf树叶,shelf架子, self自己, half一半, wife妻子，wolf狼以辅音字母加y结尾的词，把y变i加es读作/z/baby-babies, country- countriesFrench fries可数名词复数(不规则变化)构成方法例词含man的词，将man变成menpoliceman-policemen,(German-Germans)将oo变成eefoot-feet, tooth-teeth, goose-geese以en结尾的复数名词child-children, ox-oxen将ouse变成icemouse-mice(米老鼠), louse-lice（虱子）单复数同形的词Sheep, deer, fish, aircraft(飞机), means(方法), works(工厂), Swiss, Japanese, Chinese总结本单元的可数名词与不可数名词Countable nounsUncountable nounsCountable and uncountable nounsEggs鸡蛋, tomatoes番茄apples苹果 strawberries草莓 oranges橘子 carrots胡萝卜 pears梨 vegetables蔬菜 hamburgers汉堡包 French fries薯条 beef牛肉mutton羊肉water水fire火information消息 paper纸 glass玻璃tea茶叶rice米饭 bread面包 porridge粥 sand沙子sugar糖 juice果汁 fish鱼肉blood血ice冰orange橙汁money钱chicken鸡、鸡肉, salad沙拉, ice cream冰淇淋 cabbage卷心菜 onion洋葱food食物Unit 7句型1. How much is the hat? 这顶帽子多少钱？Its five dollars.五美元。总结：询问价格 How much is +单数名词？ 回答：It is+价钱.2 How much are these socks? 这双袜子多少钱？Theyre two dollars.两美元。总结：询问价格How much are +复数名词？ 回答：They are+价钱.6 Can I help you? 你要买点什么？Yes, please. I need a I need a sweater for school.是。我需要一件上学穿的毛衣。若不需要用No,thanks.总结：Can I help you?我能帮助你吗？同义句：What can I do for you?/ How can I help you? May I help you?Unit 8句型1. When is your/his/her/ Alices birthday? 你的生日是什么时候？My/His/Her birthday is on May 2nd. 我的生日在五月二日。总结：询问生日When is your/ her/ his /sbs birthday? 回答：My/ Her/ His/ Sbs birthday is+月份+序数词。基数词变序数词1、2、3特殊记（first, second third）th从四加起，fourth, sixth, seventh8去9减e（eighteighth, nine-ninth）ty变成tie，再加th (twentytwentieth, thirty-thirtieth)若是遇到几十几，只变个位就可以（twenty-one twenty-first）5、12特殊记，ve变f再加th（fivefifth, twelve-twelfth）Unit 91.What is your/ his/her favorite subject?你/他/她最喜爱的学科是什么？=What subject do you / does he/ she like best?My/His/Her favorite subject is English.= I like/ He/She likes English best.2.Why do you/ does he/ she like history? Because its interesting/easy/relaxing.3.Who is your music teacher? My music teacher is Ms. Du.4.When is your geography class? Its on Monday and Friday.