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%5E%2818%29F-FDG PET_CT及%5E%2868%29Ga-FAPI PET_CT在淋巴瘤诊断中的价值对比.pdf

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1、淋巴瘤分为霍奇金淋巴瘤和非霍奇金淋巴瘤,大多来源于B细胞,少数可来自T细胞或者自然杀伤细胞 1-3。淋巴瘤的总体存活率约72%4-6。淋巴瘤的早期诊断及分期对临床治疗方案的选择有着很重要的意义,很大程度上影响了患者的预后。18F-FDG PET/CT可以准确显示全身淋巴结的形态及糖代谢情况,在淋巴瘤诊疗中效果优于CT和MRI 7-8,同时其还可辅助鉴别结外器官癌症及淋巴瘤,比如鉴别鼻咽癌及鼻咽淋巴瘤、胃癌及胃淋巴瘤 9-10。成纤维细胞激活蛋白抑制剂(FAPI)是新研发的一种肿瘤检测显像剂,可被68Ga标记用于肿瘤显像,68Ga-Comparison of the value of18F-FD

2、G PET/CT and68Ga-FAPI PET/CT in the diagnosis oflymphomaLIAO Taiping1,2,3,ZHANG Chunyin1,2,31Department of Nuclear Medicine,The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University,Luzhou 646000,China;2Nuclear Medicine andMolecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Luzhou 646000,China;3Acade

3、mician(Expert)Workstation of Sichuan Province,Lu-zhou 646000,China摘要:目的 比较18F-FDG PET/CT及68Ga-FAPI PET/CT对淋巴瘤的诊断价值,探究68Ga-FAPI PET/CT在淋巴瘤诊断中的应用前景。方法 回顾性分析我院2020年1月2022年12月淋巴瘤待诊的37例患者,对比其18F-FDG PET/CT及68Ga-FAPI PET/CT的最大标准摄取值(SUVmax)值及TBR值的差异,分别研究两种检查方法的SUVmax及TBR值与Ki67之间的相关性,并比较两种检查方法在淋巴瘤分期及浸润灶诊断上的

4、差异。结果 37例患者中有30例确诊为淋巴瘤。18F-FDG PET/CT的诊断效能高于68Ga-FAPI PET/CT。淋巴瘤患者中SUVmax-FDGSUVmax-FAPI(17.35 vs 4.80),差异有统计学意义(PTBR-FAPI(29.35 vs 7.05),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。SUVmax-FDG、TBR-FDG与Ki67之间呈正相关关系(SUVmax-FDG:R2=0.28,P0.05;TBR-FDG:R2=0.19,P0.05)。在检测淋巴瘤浸润方面,18F-FDG PET/CT优于68Ga-FAPI PET/CT。结论18F-FDG PET/CT诊断淋巴瘤的

5、SUVmax及TBR值高于68Ga-FAPI PET/CT,在淋巴瘤的诊断和分期中具有更好的效果,可以更好地指导淋巴瘤的临床诊疗,但68Ga-FAPI PET/CT在淋巴瘤的诊断中仍具有很大的指导作用。关键词:PET/CT;氟代脱氧葡萄糖;成纤维细胞激活蛋白抑制剂;淋巴瘤Abstract:Objective To compare the diagnostic value of18F-FDG PET/CT and68Ga-FAPI PET/CT in lymphoma and explore theapplication prospect of68Ga-FAPI PET/CT in lympho

6、ma diagnosis.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 37patients with lymphoma who were undiagnosed from January 2020 to December 2022 in our hospital.The differences inmaximum standard uptake value(SUVmax)and target-to-background ratio(TBR)values between18F-FDG PET/CT and68Ga-FAPI PET/CT w

7、ere compared.The correlation between SUVmaxand TBR values of the two examination methods and Ki67 wasanalyzed.The differences between the two examination methods in lymphoma staging and infiltration diagnosis werecompared.Results Among the 37 patients,30 patients were diagnosed with lymphoma.The dia

8、gnostic efficiency of18F-FDGPET/CT was higher than that of68Ga-FAPI PET/CT.In lymphoma patients,SUVmax-FDGSUVmax-FAPI(17.35vs4.80)(PTBR-FAPI(29.35vs7.05)(P0.05).There was a significant positive correlation between SUVmax-FDG,TBR-FDG and Ki67(SUVmax-FDG:R2=0.28,P0.05;TBR-FDG:R2=0.19,P0.05).In detecti

9、ng lymphoma infiltration,18F-FDG PET/CT was superior to68Ga-FAPI PET/CT.Conclusion The SUVmaxand TBR values of18F-FDG PET/CT for diagnosing lymphoma are higher than those of68Ga-FAPI PET/CT.They have better efficacy in the diagnosis and staging of lymphoma,providing improved guidance forclinical dia

10、gnosis and treatment,but68Ga-FAPI PET/CT still plays a significant role in the diagnosis of lymphoma and hasimportant clinical value.Keywords:PET/CT;fluorodeoxyglucose;fibroblast activating protein inhibitor;lymphoma1818F-FDG PET/CTF-FDG PET/CT及及6868Ga-FAPI PET/CTGa-FAPI PET/CT在淋巴瘤诊断中的价值在淋巴瘤诊断中的价值对对

11、比比廖太平1,2,3,张春银1,2,31西南医科大学附属医院核医学科,四川 泸州 646000;2核医学与分子影像四川省重点实验室,四川 泸州646000;3四川省院士(专家)工作站,四川 泸州 646000收稿日期:2023-03-13作者简介:廖太平,在读硕士研究生,E-mail:通信作者:张春银,主任医师,E-mail:分子影像学杂志,2023,46(4):597-604doi 10.12122/j.issn.1674-4500.2023.04.04 597FAPI PET/CT的图像具有较好的肿瘤与血池、肌肉的靶背景比,在诸多恶性肿瘤成像中具有更高的图像清晰度 11,在检测肿瘤原发灶及

12、转移灶方面68Ga-FAPI PET/CT明显优于18F-FDG PET/CT 12-14。68Ga-FAPI PET/CT诊断淋巴瘤的研究中,有学者用68Ga-FAPI PET/CT对淋巴瘤患者进行显像,认为68Ga-FAPI可作为一种评估淋巴瘤的显像手段 15,但其局限性在于未对患者进行18F-FDG PET/CT检查,18F-FDG PET/CT作为目前淋巴瘤分期及疗效评估的重要工具,将68Ga-FAPI PET/CT的检查结果与其进行对比可以更直观地对68Ga-FAPIPET/CT诊断淋巴瘤的效能进行评估,进而判断68Ga-FAPI PET/CT是否具有淋巴瘤诊疗的临床应用前景,在二者

13、的诊断对比研究方面,国内外学者的研究大多局限于个案及个别器官淋巴瘤 16-18,不具有普遍性和代表性。本研究拟对68Ga-FAPI PET/CT及18F-FDG PET/CT在淋巴瘤诊断方面的价值进行探究,对比其在最大标准摄取值(SUVmax)、靶背景比(TBR)等方面的差异,现报道如下。1 资料与方法1.1 一般资料对2020年1月2022年12月于我院初步疑似诊断为淋巴瘤的患者资料进行搜集,并且患者在住院期间曾进行过18F-FDG及68Ga-FAPI PET/CT两种检查,纳入标准:初步诊断疑似淋巴瘤;在1周内接受68Ga-FAPI及18F-FDG PET/CT扫描。排除标准:既往曾确诊淋

14、巴瘤之外的其它恶性肿瘤;曾接受过治疗的患者;肝、肾功能受损较严重的患者;幽闭恐惧症不能耐受检查者;怀孕妇女。本次研究通过伦理审查,符合 赫尔辛基宣言,全部患者均自愿签署知情同意书。本研究共收集疑似淋巴瘤患者37例,最终经过病理结果证实为淋巴瘤的患者共30例,其中男性15例,女性占15例,男女比例1:1,年龄2279(53.814.4)岁;结内淋巴瘤患者19例,结外淋巴瘤患者11例,按照淋巴组织肿瘤WHO(2016)分型将患者进行病理分型(表1),12例患者被证实伴有结外器官浸润,包括胸锁乳突肌受侵1例,鼻咽部受侵3例,阑尾受侵1例,肝脏受侵3例,脾脏受侵7例,小肠受侵1例,扁桃体受侵3例。1.

15、2 检查方法1.2.1 显像剂制备 回旋加速器自行生产的18F用于合成药物,机器型号为Siemens eclipse RD回旋加速器,将生产出的18F与FDG用自动化模块进行合成18F-FDG,采用FDG-N型自动合成模块(北京派特)合成18F-FDG;将FAPI(上海CSBio)作为68Ga-FAPI合成的前体,根据文献 19 标记合成68Ga-FAPI;选择紫外高效液相色谱法和射频高效液相色谱法来控制产品质量,保证最后得到的产品是无菌并且无热原,并且放化纯度95%。1.2.2 检查方法 扫描设备为联影Gemini TF/16 PET/CT,检查之前患者会被要求先禁食6 h,1周内进行的68

16、Ga-FAPI PET/CT检查前则没有特殊的要求;按照68Ga-FAPI 1.82.2 MBq/kg、18F-FDG 3.75.55 MBq/kg的标准从静脉将显像剂注射入患者体内,随后采集PET/CT图像。1.3 图像分析由2位工作经验10年以上的核医学医师独立阅读分析PET/CT图像,当二者的诊断意见不同时,由科室所有老师共同讨论决定。阅片时,将符合以下特征的组织认为是异常的:淋巴结大小、形态异常,短径0.5 cm或存在淋巴结融合现象;淋巴结或结外器官代谢异常,显像剂摄取异常增高(SUVmax3.0)。测量非肿瘤组织的SUVmean,将SUVmax除以SUVmean得到病灶的TBR值。1

17、.4 分期及淋巴瘤浸润标准1.4.1 分期标准 对淋巴结病灶及结外淋巴瘤器官分布进行记录,采用Ann Arbor分期方法对病灶进行 IIV期分期。1.4.2 淋巴瘤浸润标准 首先,患者淋巴结病灶经病理确诊为淋巴瘤。判断一个结外病灶发生了淋巴瘤浸润至少满足以下1点:(1)病灶经病理证实为淋巴瘤浸润灶;(2)经过临床治疗后影像学上病灶明显进展或者缩小;(3)随访时患者告知外院确诊为浸润灶。1.5 统计学分析采用SPSS26.0软件对数据进行统计学分析,符合正态分布的定量资料以均数标准差表示,非正态分布的定量资料以四分位数表示,定性资料以n(%)表示。采用 ROC 曲线比较18F-FDG PET/C

18、T 及68Ga-FAPI表1 淋巴瘤患者的特征Tab.1 Characteristics of patients with lymphomaFeaturesGenderMaleFemalePathological resultsDiffuse large B-cell lymphomaExtranodal NK/T-cell lymphomaFollicular lymphomaMALT lymphomaPediatric nodal marginal zone lymphomaT-cell lymphoblastic lymphomaPrimary mediastinal large B-c

19、ell lymphomaAngioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphomaCutaneous T-cell lymphomaInfiltrationNasopharynxTonsilSternocleidomastoid muscleAppendixLiverSpleenSmall intestineCases(n)151513543111113311371分子影像学杂志,2023,46(4):597-604http:/www.j- 598PET/CT对淋巴瘤的诊断效能,采用Wilcoxon秩和检验对18F-FDG PET/CT及68Ga-FAPI PET/CT的SUVmax

20、及TBR诊断淋巴瘤的效能进行比较;采用威尔逊相关性分析及线性回归分析Ki67与SUVmax-FDG及SUVmax-FAPI之间的关系。以P0.05为差异有统计学意义。2 结果2.118F-FDG PET/CT及68Ga-FAPI PET/CT对淋巴瘤的诊断对比分析18F-FDG PET/CT及68Ga-FAPI PET/CT诊断淋巴瘤的敏感度、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、准确度分别为83.33%、28.57%、83.33%、28.57%、72.97%,68Ga-FAPI PET/CT对淋巴瘤患者诊断的敏感度、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、准确度分别为43.33%、71.43%、86.67

21、%、22.73%、48.65%(表2)。2.218F-FDG PET/CT及68Ga-FAPI PET/CT对淋巴瘤SUVmax的对比分析确诊淋巴瘤患者的SUVmax结果显示,SUVmax-FDG为 17.35(10.00,26.53),SUVmax-FAPI 为 4.80(3.08,9.70),二者差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。表218F-FDG PET/CT和68Ga-FAPI PET/CT对淋巴瘤的诊断效能对比分析Tab.2 Comparison of diagnostic efficacy of18F-FDG PET/CT and68Ga-FAPI PET/CT in lymphom

22、a(%)FDG:Fluorodeoxyglucose;FAPI:Fibroblast activating protein inhibitor.RadiopharmaceuticalsFDGFAPISensitivity83.3343.33Specificity28.5771.43Positive predictive value83.3386.67Negative predictive value28.5722.73Accuracy72.9748.652.318F-FDG PET/CT 及68Ga-FAPI PET/CT对淋巴瘤TBR的对比分析确诊淋巴瘤患者的TBR结果显示,TBR-FDG为

23、29.35(17.70,47.60),TBR-FAPI为7.05(3.98,11.35),二者差异有统计学意义(P0.05);对TBR值进行ROC曲线分析,结果显示TBR-FDG的AUC为0.895,TBR-FAPI的AUC为0.402,TBR-FDG的最佳界值为17.1,约登指数为0.833,对应的敏感度为83.3%,特异性为100%,TBR-FAPI的最佳界值为1.9,约登指数为0.11,对应的敏感度为96.7%,特异性为14.3%,且二者的AUC差异有统计学意义(P0.05,图1、表3)。TBR-FDGTBR-FAPIReference line1.00.80.60.40.20.00.0

24、0.20.40.60.81.0Sensitivity1-Specificity图 118F-FDG PET/CT 及68Ga-FAPI PET/CT 的TBR诊断淋巴瘤的ROC曲线Fig.1 ROC curve of TBR diagnosis of lymphoma by18F-FDG PET/CT and68Ga-FAPI PET/CT.Diagnostic methodsTBR-FDGTBR-FAPIOptimal threshold17.11.9Sensitivity(%)83.396.7Specificity(%)10014.3AUC0.8950.402Youden index0.8

25、330.11P0.0010.427表3 TBR-FAPI与TBR-FDG对淋巴瘤的诊断效能分析Tab.3 Diagnostic efficacy analysis of TBR-FAPI and TBR-FDG for lymphoma.http:/www.j-分子影像学杂志,2023,46(4):597-604 5992.4 淋巴瘤患者的SUVmax-FDG及SUVmax-FAPI与Ki67间的相关性分析SUVmax-FDG及Ki67之间存在正相关关系(R2=0.28,P0.05)。2.5 淋巴瘤患者的 TBR-FDG及TBR-FAPI与Ki67之间的相关性分析TBR-FDG与 Ki67之间

26、存在正相关关系(R2=0.19,P0.05)。2.618F-FDG PET/CT 及68Ga-FAPI PET/CT图像上淋巴瘤病灶分布及浸润情况的对比分析所有淋巴瘤患者中,11例患者在18F-FDG PET/CT图像上的分期高于在68Ga-FAPI PET/CT上的分期,并且在两种检查方法分期结果相同的患者图像中,18F-FDG PET/CT较68Ga-FAPI PET/CT大多均检测出了更多代谢异常的淋巴结病灶。在检测淋巴瘤浸润情况时,12例患者通过18F-FDG PET/CT被诊断存在淋巴瘤浸润,其中脾脏浸润7例,肝脏、扁桃体及鼻咽部浸润各3例,胸锁乳突肌、小肠、阑尾浸润各1例,且在病理

27、结果或后期随访中得到证实,这12例患者的68Ga-FAPI PET/CT图像上,4例与18F-FDG PET/CT的结果相近,6例显示为阴性,2例在18F-FDG PET/CT 上检测出的浸润灶多于68Ga-FAPIPET/CT,且浸润灶的SUVmax-FDG均大于SUVmax-FA-PI。本研究筛选了具有代表性的6例患者,将其18F-FDG PET/CT和68Ga-FAPI PET/CT的全身图和断层图像进行对比展示(图26)。图2 MALT淋巴瘤的18F-FDG及68Ga-FAPI PET/CT图像Fig.218F-FDG and68Ga-FAPI PET/CT images of MAL

28、T lymphoma.The patient is a 57-year-old woman who was admitted tothe hospital due to abdominal pain for 3 months.A,E:MIP images showed a focal area of increased radiotracer accumulation(arrow)in the upper abdomen;B-D:On the18F-FDG PET/CT images,a soft tissue mass adjacent to the abdominal aorta with

29、a diameter of approximately 4.3 cm was seen,with increased radiotracer uptake(arrow),SUVmaxof about 8.7,and TBR ofabout 17.4;F-H:On the68Ga-FAPI PET/CT images,a focal area of increased radiotracer accumulation with a diameter ofapproximately 5.1 cm adjacent to the abdominal aorta was seen,with SUVma

30、x of about 14.3 and TBR of about 15.9.Thepathological result was MALT lymphoma.3 讨论淋巴瘤是主要起源于淋巴结和淋巴组织的恶性肿瘤 20。18F-FDG PET/CT被广泛用于淋巴瘤的诊疗,淋巴瘤治疗方案的抉择、预后跟淋巴瘤的病理类型、临床分期等密切相关 21-22,其中最关键的是淋巴瘤的分期,18F-FDG PET可以对淋巴瘤的糖代谢情况进行显示,对淋巴瘤的病灶情况反映很直观、全面,在淋巴瘤的诊疗中具有重要意义。FAP是一种锚定在细胞膜上的丝氨酸蛋白酶,具有多种蛋白酶活性,通常在CAF中会有较多的表达 23-24

31、。有学者将68Ga与FAPI成功合成68Ga-FAPI,并用于PET/CT显像 25;有研究采用68Ga-FAPIPET/CT对多种肿瘤进行显像,其图像质量和18F-FDGPET/CT对比,图像对比度更高,肿瘤组织显示更清楚,证实68Ga-FAPI是一个较为广谱并且良好的肿瘤显像剂。有学者用68Ga-FAPI PET/CT来对检测73例淋巴瘤患者中的FAPI表达,认为68Ga-FAPI PET/CT能够用来分子影像学杂志,2023,46(4):597-604http:/www.j- 600检测淋巴瘤中的FAP表达水平,并且可能是淋巴瘤显像的另一种可行的显像方法 15。本研究30例患者经病理结果

32、确诊为淋巴瘤,可能是因为病例数较少,病理类型都是非霍奇金淋巴瘤,发病率在性别上没有明显的差异;但也有学者曾报道男性的发病率高于女性 26。本研究创新性地将较成熟的18F-FDG PET/CT作图318F-FDG及68Ga-FAPI PET/CT检测肝浸润灶的对比图像Fig.3 Comparison of18F-FDG and68Ga-FAPI PET/CT images for detecting liver infiltrates.The patient was a 53-year-old womanwho was admitted to the hospital due to a 10 d

33、 history of cough and sputum.A:MIP image showed multiple areas of increasedradiotracer accumulation in the mediastinum and mid-abdomen;B-D:On the18F-FDG PET/CT images,a slightly low-densitynodule with increased radiotracer uptake(SUVmaxwas about 11.1,TBR was about 3.0)was seen at the top of the live

34、r;E-G:En-larged lymph nodes adjacent to the abdominal aorta were observed to be fused together,exhibiting increased radiotracer uptake(SUVmaxwas about 27,TBR was about 13).The spleen was also significantly enlarged with marked radiotracer accumulation;H-K:The68Ga-FAPI PET/CT images showed no increas

35、ed radiotracer uptake in the nodule at the top of the liver or spleen;L-N:The soft tissue mass adjacent to the abdominal aorta does not demonstrate uptake of radiotracer.The pathological result was dif-fuse large B-cell lymphoma.图4 成人斯蒂尔病的18F-FDG及68Ga-FAPI PET/CT图像Fig.418F-FDG and68Ga-FAPI PET/CT im

36、ages of adult-onset Stills disease.The patient is a 37-year-old woman who experiencedjoint pain in all four limbs for 3 months.A、E:MIP images showed diffuse nodular and focal areas of increased radiotraceraccumulation throughout the body,with splenomegaly and increased radiotracer uptake;B-D:On the1

37、8F-FDG PET/CT images,lymph nodes in the mediastinum and bilateral axilla were enlarged,with increased radiotracer uptake and SUVmaxof about 26.3(indicated by the arrow);F-H:On the68Ga-FAPI PET/CT images,multiple abnormal lymph nodes were seen,but no abnormalareas of radiotracer accumulation were obs

38、erved.The pathological result was adult-onset Stills disease.http:/www.j-分子影像学杂志,2023,46(4):597-604 601图6 脾脏弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤的18F-FDG及68Ga-FAPI PET/CT图像Fig.618F-FDG and68Ga-FAPI PET/CT images of splenic diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.The patient is a 35-year-old man withparoxysmal upper abdominal pain for 6

39、days.A,E:MIP images showed that both reveal significant tracer accumulation in thespleen;B-D:18F-FDG PET/CT images demonstrated an enlarged spleen with a slightly low-density mass in the anterior por-tion,accompanied by significant tracer uptake with an SUVmaxof approximately 27.9.There were also me

40、tabolically activelymph nodes with an SUVmaxof approximately 9.2 in the surrounding area(indicated by arrows in figure A-D).F-H:68Ga-FA-PI PET/CT images showed increased tracer uptake with an SUVmaxof approximately 12.5 in the anterior portion of the spleen.Pathological results confirmed the diagnos

41、is of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the spleen.图518F-FDG及68Ga-FAPI PET/CT淋巴瘤骨髓浸润图像对比Fig.5 Comparison of18F-FDG and68Ga-FAPI PET/CT images of lymphoma bone marrow infiltration.The patient is a 36-year-old man who presented with multiple lymph node enlargements throughout the body for 1 month.A,H:M

42、IP images,A:diffuse abnormal accumulation of radiopharmaceuticals throughout the body,including the axial bones,limb bones,scapulae,and pelvis,as well as diffuse radiopharmaceutical uptake;B-D:18F-FDG PET/CT images showed multiple lymphnodes in the bilateral axillae and mediastinum with fusion and a

43、bnormal radiopharmaceutical accumulation,with a SUVmaxof about 6.3;E-G:Diffuse abnormal radiopharmaceutical uptake in the bone marrow cavity of the pelvic bones,with a SUVmaxof about 5.8;I-K:68Ga-FAPI PET/CT showed lymph nodes in the mediastinum and bilateral axillae,with a SUVmaxof about 5.5and a T

44、BR of about 5.0.No significant abnormal radiopharmaceutical accumulation was observed in the bones throughoutthe body in the MIP image(H)and figures;L-N:The pathological result was T-lymphoblastic lymphoma with bone marrowinfiltration.分子影像学杂志,2023,46(4):597-604http:/www.j- 602为68Ga-FAPI PET/CT的对比参照,

45、对68Ga-FAPI PET/CT的诊断效果进行评判,更易发现其优势及不足之处,更具有临床参考价值和说服力。本研究发现,18F-FDGPET/CT对淋巴瘤的敏感度和诊断的正确性上明显优于68Ga-FAPI PET/CT,18F-FDG PET/CT对淋巴瘤的诊断效能更高,但是18FDG-PET/CT的特异性低于68Ga-FAPIPET/CT,分析可能是由于纳入本研究的阴性患者数量太少,导致特异性产生了较大的差异。18F-FDG PET/CT在淋巴瘤的诊断和分期中具有很大的意义,有学者研究了18F-FDG PET/CT在各个系统淋巴瘤分期中的作用,证实了PET/CT在淋巴瘤诊断中具有重大意义 2

46、7,有学者采用18F-FDG PET/CT分析了48例滤泡型淋巴瘤患者的图像特征,对其侵袭性及分期情况进行评估,结果证明18F-FDG PET/CT在滤泡型淋巴瘤的侵袭性评价及分期中具有重大意义 28。本研究比较18F-FDG PET/CT及68Ga-FAPI PET/CT诊断淋巴瘤的SUVmax,淋巴瘤病灶对FDG的摄取远远高于FAPI,和68Ga-FAPI PET/CT相比较,在18F-FDG PET/CT的图像中还发现了更多的代谢异常的病灶,对病灶的显示更为全面,对病灶的敏感度更高。这也能解释在诊断效能对比中,18F-FDG PET/CT对淋巴瘤的检出率和准确度远远高于68Ga-FAPI

47、 PET/CT。按照Ann Arbor分期方法对两种显像方法的分期结果进行对比,结果显示18F-FDGPET/CT对诊断淋巴瘤肝、脾脏浸润有明显的优势 29-30,本研究图3显示肝顶部可见一稍低密度影,并伴有FDG浓聚,但是其FAPI摄取很低,诊断为淋巴瘤伴有肝脾浸润,在18F-FDG PET/CT图像上如果淋巴瘤患者出现多发骨髓腔内FDG摄取增多,则该患者骨髓很可能出现了淋巴瘤浸润 31;本研究1例T淋巴母细胞淋巴瘤骨髓浸润的患者全身诸骨出现了明显的FDG浓聚,但在68Ga-FAPI PET/CT上为阴性。由上述结果可知,在淋巴瘤的分期及浸润灶的判断方面,18F-FDG PET/CT均较68

48、Ga-FAPI PET/CT有较大的优势。但本研究中有1例MALT淋巴瘤患者的病灶FAPI摄取大于FDG摄取(SUVmax-FDG约8.7,SUVmax-FAPI约14.3),笔者分析可能是在这例患者的淋巴瘤细胞上皮上存在着过量表达的FAP,其原因尚不明确,但这也值得我们注意,并不是所有的淋巴瘤都是FDG摄取高于FAPI摄取,在必要的时候可以进行68Ga-FAPI PET/CT显像来进行辅助诊断。TBR 值被广泛用于多种肿瘤的诊断中,如Kmek等 32 利用TBR值来评价18F-FDG PET/CT及68Ga-FAPIPET/CT在结直肠癌中的差异,也有学者采用TBR来对肺癌及其淋巴结转移进行

49、评价 33。本研究中,TBR-FDG高于TBR-FAPI,笔者分析这是优于淋巴瘤细胞上的FAP表达量不足导致的,故在18F-FDG PET/CT中,TBR值更高,图像病灶和本底的对比度更大,对病灶的显示更加清晰,同时也更有利于提高对病灶的敏感度,从而导致对淋巴瘤的诊断效果18F-FDG PET/CT更好。Ki67和细胞的增殖关系密切 34。本研究结果显示SUVmax-FDG、TBR-FDG和Ki67之间存在相关关系,即在淋巴瘤的糖代谢水平和其增殖活性呈正相关关系,这与国外研究结果一致 35-36,但SUVmax-FAPI、TBR-FAPI和Ki67之间无相关关系,说明Ki67对淋巴瘤细胞表面的

50、FAP表达影响很小。本研究结果显示,18F-FDG PET/CT对淋巴瘤的诊断价值大于68Ga-FAPI PET/CT,这可能是由于淋巴瘤细胞中FAP表达较少从而导致68Ga-FAPI摄取低于18F-FDG,但是笔者认为68Ga-FAPI PET/CT在淋巴结病灶的鉴别诊断中也有其特定的临床应用价值。核医学科工作中常会遇到全身多发淋巴结增大伴糖代谢增高的患者,但18F-FDG PET/CT上难以找到其原发病灶,此时条件允许的情况下可加做一个68Ga-FAPI PET/CT。根据既往研究,上皮来源肿瘤中FAP表达较多,诊断效果大多优于18F-FDG PET/CT 11,而本研究结果中淋巴瘤的FA

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