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Muscular SystemHuang Tian,APSUMC第1页OutlinepFunctions of the muscular system pThree different types of muscle tissuespStructure of the skeletal muscle fiber pSliding filament model of muscle contraction pMuscle disorders第2页n List and describe functions of muscles n Identify the differences among three types of musclesn Describe the structure of the skeletal muscle fibern Describe the sliding filament modle of muscle contraction n List and describe muscle disorders Objectivesp By the end of this section,students should be able to第3页IntroductionoThe muscular system is the largest system in the body.o our body weight comes from muscles.oConsists of over 600 individual muscles.oConsists 3 different types of muscle tissues.nCardiac musclenSmooth musclenSkeletal muscle 第4页 Produce movement and maintain posture Pump blood RespirationProtect internal organs.Produce body heat and regulate body temperature.Functions第5页231第6页4576第7页Muscle Typesp Three Types of Musclesn Cardiac musclen Smooth musclen Skeletal muscle 第8页Cardiac MuscleoStriated and branchedooSingle nucleusSingle nucleus that is centrally locatedoMembranes of adjacent邻近邻近 cells fused at 熔凝熔凝intercalated discs闰盘闰盘 oInvoluntaryoOnly found in heart第9页Cardiac k:di:k 心脏心脏Myocardium maiuk:dim 心肌心肌第10页Striation straiein 条纹条纹Intercalated disk int:kleitid disk 闰盘闰盘第11页Cardiac Muscle第12页Smooth MuscleoNon-striatedoSpindle-shaped cellsoSingle nucleus that is centrally locatedoInvoluntaryoFound mainly in the walls of hollow organs第13页Smooth Muscle括括约约肌肌第14页十二指十二指肠肠（小（小肠肠）幽幽门门瓣膜瓣膜第15页oStriated oMultinucleate cells that are peripherally locatedoVoluntaryoAttached to bone of skeletonSkeletal Muscle第16页Skeletal Muscle Striation第17页第18页第19页第20页第21页第22页Structure of Skeletal Muscle Fascia 肌纤维膜微线第23页Fascia fi:筋膜筋膜Fascicle fsikl肌束肌束 Myofibril maiufaibril 肌原肌原纤维纤维第24页Skeletal Musclep 3 layers of connective tissue n Epimysiumn Perimysiumn Endomysium第25页Epimysium epimizim 肌外膜肌外膜Perimysium perimizim 肌束膜肌束膜Endomysium endumizim 肌内膜肌内膜第26页Skeletal Muscle Fiber oCells multinucleateoNuclei just beneath the sarcolemmaoSarcolemma specialized plasma membraneoSarcoplasm cytoplasm of muscle cells第27页Sarcolemma s:klem 肌纤维膜肌纤维膜Sarcoplasm s:kplzm 肌质肌质第28页Distinct bandsnI band=light bandnA band=dark bandMyofibril肌动蛋白肌动蛋白肌浆球蛋白肌浆球蛋白第29页oContractile unit of a muscle fiberSarcomere肌节肌节n Z disk a darker area in middle of I band extend from Z disk to Z disk肌小节肌小节第30页Sarcomere s:kmi 肌节肌节Myofilament maiufilmnt 肌丝肌丝第31页SarcomerepI band distance between two thick filaments contains only thin filamentspA band length of thick filament overlap with thin filaments pH zone at center of A band contains only thick filamentspM line-middle of the H zone第32页oActin filaments oMyosin filamentsMyofilaments第33页Actin ktin 肌动蛋白肌动蛋白Myosin maiusin 肌球蛋白肌球蛋白 第34页Levels of Functional Organization in a Skeletal Muscle Fiber第35页p Myosin heads attach to actin molecules p Myosin“pulls”on actin,causing thin myofilaments to slide across thick myofilaments,towards the center of the sarcomereSliding Filament Model of Contraction第36页p During a contraction,the A band stays the same width,but the Z lines move closer together and the I band and H zone are reduced in width.Sliding Filament Model of Contraction第37页Sarcomere Shortening第38页Circle the letter of the choice that lists the muscle structures from largest to smallestA.Myofibrils,filaments,muscle fibersB.Muscle fibers,Myofibrils,filamentsC.Muscle fibers,filaments,MyofibrilsD.Myofibrils,muscle fibers,filaments第39页I bandA bandAII bandA bandAI第40页Muscle disordersoFatigueoStrainoCrampoMyasthenia gravis oMuscular dystrophy第41页Muscle FatigueDo this:Sit against the wall with your knees bent at a 900angle.Hold this position for as long as it takes to feel muscle fatigue.Tiredness following prolonged or intense activity 第42页StrainoInjuries due to over-stretched muscles or tendonsoSymptoms Swelling肿胀肿胀 Pain Bruising挫伤挫伤第43页CrampoPainful involuntary contraction of a skeletal muscle or muscle grouporesult from a lack of salt or other minerals(like calcium and potassium),muscle fatigue,or dehydration.脱水脱水 第44页Strain strein 拉伤拉伤Cramp krmp 痉挛痉挛第45页Myasthenia gravis oAntibodies attack Ach乙酰胆乙酰胆碱碱 receptorsoProgressive weakness and paralysis麻痹麻痹 第46页Myasthenia gravis maisi:ni grvs 重症肌无力重症肌无力Acetylcholine si:tlkulin 乙酰胆碱乙酰胆碱第47页Muscular dystrophyoDue to a defective proteinoProgressive muscle weakness and paralysis麻痹麻痹 瘫痪瘫痪第48页Muscular dystrophy mskjul distrfi 肌肉萎缩症肌肉萎缩症Dystrophin distrfin 抗肌萎缩蛋白抗肌萎缩蛋白 第49页1.cardiac muscle 2.smooth muscle 3.skeletal muscle 4.involuntary muscle 5.voluntary muscle 6.muscle fiber 7.sarcolemma 8.sarcoplasm 9.sarcoplasm reticulum 10.fascia 11.fascicle 12.tendon Key Words 13.muscle fibril/myofibril14.Sarcomere15.thick filament16.thin filament17.myosin 18.actin 19.muscle fatigue20.strain 21.Cramp22.Ruptured tendon23.Myasthenia gravis24.muscular dystrophy 第50页
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