1、 状语从句翻译状语从句翻译第1页第1页一、时间状语从句一、时间状语从句在英语中,时间状语从句连接词经常有:when(当.时候),whenever(每当.),as(当.时),since(自从.),until(直到.,假如不.),till(直到.),before(在.前),after(在.后),as soon as(一.就),once(一旦.),the moment(一.就),immediately(一.就),the day(在.那天),no sooner.than(一.就),hardly(scarcely).when(一.就),the instant(一.就),instantly(一.就),di
2、rectly(一.就),the minute(一.就),the second(一.就),every time(每当.),by the time(等到.时候)等。第2页第2页(一)译成相应时间状语While she spoke,the tears were running down.她说话时,泪水直流。As he finished the speech,the audience burst into applause.他结束发言时候,听众掌声雷动。第3页第3页(二)译成“一(刚、每).就”结构Ill let you know as soon as I have it arranged.我一安排好
3、就告知你。Directly he uttered these words there was a dead silence.他刚说出这些话,大家就沉默下来。第4页第4页(三)译成条件句Turn off the switch when anything goes wrong with the machine.假如机器发生故障,就把电门关上。A body at rest will not move till a force is exerted on it.若无外力作用,静止物体不会移动。第5页第5页 在翻译“when”引导时间状语从句时,切忌不假思考以“当.时候”句式套用She came in
4、when I was having supper.我正在吃饭时候,她进来了。我正吃着饭,她进来了。观测下面例句,看译者是如何处理:第6页第6页 He was on the verge of losing his temper with his wife when she uttered a cry.他正要对妻子发脾气,忽听她哭叫起来。第7页第7页His interest in music dates back to his childhood,when he used to listen to his father playing the piano.他对音乐兴趣起源于童年时代熏陶,那时他就经
5、常听父亲弹钢琴。第8页第8页 Before能够引导时间状语从句,中国人习惯按照事物发展先后顺序进行表示,因此需对原文语序作一调整。Get the lion out of here before it escapes and eats somebody.I had scarcely entered the classroom before the bell rang.第9页第9页Before能够引导让步状语从句:They would fight to death before they surrender.Before能够引导条件状语从句:You have to pay out fifty do
6、llars in cash before they will give the toy gun to you.第10页第10页二、原因状语从句二、原因状语从句英语中,原因状语从句连接词经常是:because(由于),since(既然,由于),as(由于),now that(既然),seeing that(既然),considering that(考虑到,由于),in that(在某方面),in view of the fact that(鉴于)。第11页第11页(一)译成表示(一)译成表示“原因原因”分句,放在主句之前分句,放在主句之前翻译,显示翻译,显示“前因后果前因后果”关系。关系。The
7、 crops failed because the season was dry.由于气候干旱由于气候干旱,作物歉收。,作物歉收。We had to put the meeting off,since so many people were absent.由于诸多人没有来由于诸多人没有来,会议只好延期。,会议只好延期。第12页第12页(二)有时候能够用汉语“之因此.是因为”结构来连接。A gas differs from solid in that it has no definite shape.气体不同于固体是因为(就在于)它没有固定形状。He will get promoted,for
8、he has done good work.他将得到提升,因为他工作干得好。第13页第13页三、条件状语从句三、条件状语从句英语中连接条件状语从句连接词经常有:if(假如),unless(除非,假如不),providing that(假如),so long as(只要),on condition that(条件是),suppose that(假如),in case(假如),only if(只要),if only(希望,要是.就好了)等。第14页第14页(一)翻译在主句前面。It was better in case they were captured.要是把他们捉到了,那就更加好了。If y
9、ou tell me about it,then I shall be able to decide.假如你把一切都告诉我,那么我就能够作出决定。第15页第15页(二)翻译在主句后面,用来补充阐明条件。You can drive tonight if you are ready.你今晚就能够出车,假如你愿意话No doubt I could earned something if I had really meant to.毫无疑问,我本来是能够赚到一点,假如我真有那样打算话。第16页第16页四、让步状语从句四、让步状语从句英语中,表示让步关系连接词经常有:英语中,表示让步关系连接词经常有:t
10、hough(即使)(即使),although(即使),(即使),even if(即使),(即使),as(尽管),(尽管),while(尽管),(尽管),whatever(无论什么),(无论什么),wherever(无论哪里),(无论哪里),whoever(无论谁),(无论谁),however(无论(无论如何),如何),no matter(无论,无论),(无论,无论),for all that(尽(尽管),管),granted that(即使),(即使),in spite of that fact that(尽管),(尽管),despite the fact that(无论)等等(无论)等等。第
11、17页第17页No matter what I say or how I say it,you always think Im wrong.无论无论我说什么,也无论我怎么说,你说我说什么,也无论我怎么说,你说总认为我错了。总认为我错了。While we can not see the air,we can feel it.我们我们即使即使看不见空气,看不见空气,但但却能感觉到它。却能感觉到它。第18页第18页五、目的状语从句五、目的状语从句在英语中,连接目的状语从句连接词经常有:that(为了,以便),so that(为了,以便),lest(以防),in case(以防,以免),for fea
12、r that(以防)in order that(为了)等等。第19页第19页(一)普通翻译在主句前面。(一)普通翻译在主句前面。普通来说,这种表示普通来说,这种表示“为了为了”目的状语从句通常放在目的状语从句通常放在主句前面翻译。主句前面翻译。He pushed the door gently and stole out of the room for fear that he should awake her.为了为了不惊醒她,他轻轻推开房门,悄悄地溜了出去。不惊醒她,他轻轻推开房门,悄悄地溜了出去。We started early so that we might get there be
13、fore noon.为了为了正午以前赶到那里,我们很早就动身了。正午以前赶到那里,我们很早就动身了。第20页第20页(二)还能够翻译在主句后面,表示“省(免)得”、“以免”、“以便”、“使得”、“生怕”等概念。He emphasized it again and again,lest she should forget.他重复强调这一点,免得她忘了。第21页第21页六、结果状语从句六、结果状语从句(一)英语中,连接结果状语从句连词经常有:so that,so.that,such.that,to such a degree等等,通常能够翻译为“结果,如此.以致于.”,能够直接翻译。第22页第22
14、页He made a wrong decision,so that half of his lifetime was wasted.他做了错误决定,结果浪费了自己半生时间。The difference is such that all will perceive it.差别这样大,所有人都看得出来。第23页第23页(二)有时候,假如在主句中含有“never,never so,not so,not such”等否认词,“but that和but what”也能够连接结果状语从句,构成双重否认。翻译时候,能够翻译为“没有.不”。第24页第24页She never comes but she borrow.她不借东西不来。(即:他假如不借东西就不来。)She is not so old but that she can read.她并没有老到不能读书。第25页第25页