英语状语从句的翻译公开课一等奖优质课大赛微课获奖课件.pptx

Session 24Translation of English Adverbial Clauses Into Chinese（二）英语状语从句翻译第1页第1页 五、目的状语从句翻译五、目的状语从句翻译 以so that,in order that,to the end that,in case等从属短语连词引导目的状语从句，普通译成汉语中相相应“为了”，“以便”，“以免”，“以防”等引导目的状语修饰语。同样，汉语中这样目的状语修饰语应翻译成英语目的状语从句。5.1译成表示译成表示“目的目的”后置状语后置状语(49)Youd better take an umbrella with you in case it rains.你最好带把伞以防下雨以防下雨。(50)He is planning to make this speech in order that we might have a better understanding of the vicissitude of the international situation.他 打算做一次演说，以便我们能更加好地理解当今 国际形势风云变幻。第2页第2页(51)为了扩大知识面为了扩大知识面，你们除了学好要求教材之外，还应当阅读一些与专业相关书籍。Besides learning the prescribed textbooks,you are sup-posed to read more books on your subject in order that you may expand your scope of know-ledge.(52)学生应当背诵一些优秀散文，以便奠定坚实以便奠定坚实 语言基本功。语言基本功。Students are expected to recite a number of excellent pieces of prose so that they may lay a solid foundation in language compe-tence.5.2译成表示译成表示“目的目的”前置状语前置状语(53)The travel plan was canceled in order that the spread of SARS could be prevented.为了预防为了预防第3页第3页 非典传染非典传染,这次旅行计划给取消了。(54)He sent a bunch of flowers each day in order that he could win her love.为了赢得她芳心为了赢得她芳心 他天天送她一束花。5.3灵活地译为表目的句子灵活地译为表目的句子 有时也可依据逻辑意义和汉语表示习惯,将英语目的状语从句与主句融合起来翻译，译为表目的句子，包括“其目的是”和“为就是”这样词语。(55)The UN was established in order that peace and development can be promoted.创建联合 国目的就是要推动和平与发展目的就是要推动和平与发展。(56)We learn from our past lessons so that history wont repeat itself.我们从过去经历中吸取教第4页第4页 训,为就是不再重蹈覆辙为就是不再重蹈覆辙。六.结果状语从句翻译结果状语从句翻译 英语和汉语结果状语从句都位于句末，系句子后部分内容。61 译成表结果分句译成表结果分句(57)他睡过头了，结果上班迟到了结果上班迟到了。He had over-slept,so that he was late for work.(58)那位女孩上个学期学习非常勤奋，因此期末每因此期末每 门功课考试都取得优秀成绩。门功课考试都取得优秀成绩。That girl studied very diligently last term so that she obtained excellent results in all the terminal exams.(59)He never played with the children so that a quarrel did not follow.他跟孩子们玩耍，结果结果 总是吵架。总是吵架。第5页第5页(60)The book was so boring that he gave up reading it half way through.该书如此如此枯燥 乏味，以至他读了二分之一就放弃了以至他读了二分之一就放弃了。62 译成不含关联词但内含译成不含关联词但内含 因果关系并列分句因果关系并列分句(61)There are many factories around,as a result,the air is seriously polluted by smoke.这周围 有许多工厂，空气受到烟尘严重污染。空气受到烟尘严重污染。(62)It was such a terrible experience that I will ne-ver forget it.那次经历可怕至极，我永远不会 忘掉。(63)Peter is such a nice boy that he is loved by everybody.彼特是个好男孩，人人都爱慕人人都爱慕。(64)Such was his anxiety that he couldnt stop 第6页第6页 trembling.他焦急不安，颤抖不已颤抖不已。七、方式状语从句翻译七、方式状语从句翻译 表示方式状语从句通常由as,as if,as though引导，往往位于主句之后，但在 as so结构中，as-分句通常置于主句之前。在口语中可用the way(that)引导方式状语从句。比如：(65)Please do exactly as your doctor says.务请 按照医生吩咐按照医生吩咐行事。(66)Mary does not bother about trifles the way her sister does.玛莉不像她姐姐那样像她姐姐那样关怀鸡毛蒜皮 小事。(67)All folk songs sound as if they come from the heart.所有民歌听起来宛如人们心声宛如人们心声。第7页第7页(68)The clouds disappeared as if by magic.那些 云团消失得无影无踪，如同被魔力驱散了。(69)As a man sows,so so he will reap.种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。(70)As the twig is bent,so the tree is inclined.上梁 不正下梁歪。从以上例句可知，英语方式状语从句结构可以是完整分句，也能够是省略主语和谓语助词省略分句，翻译起来比较灵活简朴。包括as so结构句子，用于书面语，其中大多是蕴涵隐喻谚语或习语，翻译时普通采用汉语中相相应比方性谚语或习语。第8页第8页 八、地点状语从句翻译八、地点状语从句翻译 地点状语分句是表示时空关系分句结构。英语地点状语分句可位于主句之前，亦可置于主句之后。汉语地点状语分句通常位于主句之前。让我们观测下列实例。(71)Where you find high wages,you will find high prices.哪里工资高，哪里工资高，哪里消费就高。（工资 高地方物价昂贵。）(72)Where there is clean air and water,there are people who live a long life.哪里有洁净空气哪里有洁净空气 和水和水，哪里人们就长寿。(73)哪里阳光充足、雨水颇多哪里阳光充足、雨水颇多，哪里田野一片绿 色。Where there is plenty of sun and rain,the fields are green.第9页第9页(74)她无论走到哪里她无论走到哪里，总有成群人们等待着见她。Wherever she goes,there are crowds of people waiting to see her.(75)Wherever he happens to be,John can make himself at home.约翰无论在什么地方约翰无论在什么地方都能随 遇而安，感觉像在家里同样。(76)Where there is a will,there is a way.有志者有志者 事竟成(77)Where there is smoke,there is fire.无风不起浪。（有烟地方有烟地方就一定有火。）(78)Where lobbyists used to avoid notoriety and preferred to work behind scenes,many today seek publicity as a useful tool.过去，游说者过去，游说者 往往避免出名，喜欢在幕后工作往往避免出名，喜欢在幕后工作,如今他们中 许多人把抛头露面作为一个有用手段来追求。第10页第10页 从以上例句可知，地点状语从句比较容易翻译。值得注意是，英语和汉语中有些地点状语分句相称于无条件条件状语分句，因而翻译成相应条件状语，如上面例（74）和（75）。英语中有些包括地点状语分句句子表示抽象意义或比方意义，实际上是谚语或习语，可翻译成汉语紧缩句或谚语，如上面例(76)和(77)。例(78)虽好理解，但难翻译，依据逻辑意思灵活处理了，转译为对比情况并列结构。我们已经例证、简论状语分句翻译。值得着重指出是，英语状语分句位置颇为灵活，可位于主句之前，也可置于主句之后，而汉语状语分句普通位于句首，很少置于句末。因此，英语状语分句，不论其位置如何，翻译成汉语时通常可位于句首。所有第11页第11页英语状语分句都必须由从属连词引导，而汉语状语分句则不一定。因此，在许多情况下，英语状语分句翻译成汉语时，其从属连词可省略，而且有时省略更加好。与此相反，汉语状语分句，不论是否相关联词，翻译成英语时必须有从属连词引导。Homework for discussion:1.In what ways are English adverbial clauses of purpose,result,manner,and place introduced?2.Explain and illustrate how they are turned into the Chinese language.第12页第12页