浅谈傲慢与偏见人物语言英汉翻译策略.pdf

浅谈傲慢与偏见人物语言英汉翻译策略 Strategies of English-Chinese the Characters Conversation Translation-A Comparative Study on the Two Chinese Versions of Pride and Prejudice 摘要 奈达有关翻译的定义指明翻译不仅是词汇意义上的对等还包括语义、风格和文体的对等,翻译传达的信息既有表层词汇信息也有深层的文化信息。本文主要研究的是小说风格的对等，小说风格包括艺术风格、思想风格和语言风格。（的对等翻译笔者认为是指采用适合原作风格的语言进行翻译。（张 2008：173）小说是作者通过人物的描写来反映作者的世界观、价值观。除直接描写外，另一个反映作者的世界观、价值观重要途径是作者通过小说中人物的对话或独白来实现的。人物对话是作家借以表现人物性格的重要手段，因此，在某种意义上说，原作能否在译作中得以体现，在一定程度上取决于译者对人物语言的处理是否得当。本文以分析傲慢与偏见的两个译文为例，试探性的探讨了再小说翻译中影响人物个性化语言翻译的因素。根据奈达的功能对等理论尝试分析人物个性化语言的处理，具体标准是看译本中的人物语言是否忠实反映了人物文化背景、人物的社会地位和身份、人物的性格及特殊的时间场合。关键词：人物语言；功能对等；人物个性；翻译策略；风格 Abstract In literary works,the speech of each participant in the conversation is peculiar in a certain way.For a translator the peculiarity of the individual speaker can and should be reproduced.To achieve this,he should make sure that the tone of the speaker in the target language is in agreement with the status and the temperament of the speaker in the original and with the particular situation concerned.Key words:the characters conversation；individuality；style;translation strategy Table of Contents Pages 1.Introduction.1 1.1 Research Background.1 1.2 Research Objective.1 1.3 Paper Organization.2 2.Rationale.2 2.1 Definition of Language Style.2 2.2 Importance of E-C language Style.2 2.3 Brief Review of the History of Language Style.3 2.4 The Essentials of Language Style.3 3.Data Description.3 4.Data Analysis.4 4.1 Coincide with speaker social cultural.4 4.2 Coincide with speaker social status and identity.4 4.3 Conform to the particular situation and time.6 5.Results and Suggestions.7 5.1 Results.7 5.2 Suggestions.7 5.2.1 What the speaker says should coincide with speakers social cultural.7 5.2.2 What the speaker says should coincide with spea kers social status and identity.7 5.2.3 What the speaker says should coincide with speakers personality.7 5.2.4 The speaker says should conform to the particular situation and time.7 6.Conclusion.8 Bibliography.8 Appendix.10 1 Strategies of English-Chinese the Characters Conversation Translation-A Comparative Study on the Two Chinese Versions of Pride and Prejudice 1.Introduction 1.1 Research Background English-Chinese(E-C)translation of the characters conversation in literary works usually plays an important role in the system of translating practice.The writer probably intends to not only tell stories,but also show the values of their social lives.And their values are often expressed by the roles conversation because it could be clear to distinguish their personalities through describing language.As a result,a good E-C characters conversation translation might help the target language(TL)readers understanding well about the source language(SL)of authors creative purpose and the values of the authors.Pride and Prejudice,which was published in 1813,was considered as Jane Austens one of the most popular novels.The reason which the novel attracts the readers is the vivid description of different characters in the book,especially through their bright and humorous conversation.Therefore,this paper chooses this novel as the original for research.1.2 Research Objective This paper will explore the translational strategies according to the character in communication.In order to find out the proper translation strategies for characters conversation translation,the author tries to concentrate on comparing different versions of classical characters conversation translation,such as Miss Elizabeth,Mr.Collins and Lady Catherine,this paper will choose some examples of classical characters conversation,through comparing the different translation method by Wang Keyi and Sun Zhili,the author attempt to summarize what kinds of factors affection the characters individual language.2 1.3 Paper Organization The paper consists of six parts.Following the introduction part,the second part takes some main theories about strategy translation and functional equivalence theory on characters conversation translation briefly.The third part describes typical conversations as the date,and the forth part will make a tentative analysis through comparing two kinds of version from and summarize E-C character translation strategies according to the third part from fidelity,smooth and recovering the language style.At the last part,the author will summarize the research and drew the result.The last part is the conclusion.2.Rationale 2.1 Definition of Language Style Language style in literary works might be defined as a kind of writing style which according to various artists own life experiences,status,genres,social standpoints,artistic accomplishment,individual qualities,comprehension of social phenomenon,preferences of depicting,technique of expression,the use of language and other aspects of various characteristics(Joseph,2005:565).Even social background could influence writers language style.For example,Shelley(1792-1822)was good at expressing his ideal by poetry,in contrast,Austen mainly focused on the family lives among the upper or middle class.It could be seen that different writers has various ways of using language to describe their social values.However,in comparison with direct descriptions,most of fiction writers perhaps prefer conversation between characters because persons inner world,mental activity,character,always consciously or not to subconsciously through speech show.Therefore,the original art style in the translation to reflect,to a certain extent depends on the translator of the characters language processing is proper.2.2 Importance of E-C language Style The translation of the tone of the speaker plays an important role in the translating literary works.To achieve the goal to reproduce the peculiarity of the individual speaker,the translator should make sure that the tone of the speaker in the target 3 language is in agreement with the status and the temperament of the speaker.And the language should reflect the particular situation and the inner world of the speaker.2.3 Brief Review of the History of Language Style There are two main points of view about language style which are it could be translated and could not be translated.The first point of view considers that the language style cannot be translated.Another point of view thinks that the language style can be translated but it might be difficult to achieve the goal.In recent years,majority translators agree with the second viewpoint that is target text can be similar to the original text,although it might be hard to accomplish,the translated text should keep the same status as far as possible.2.4 The Essentials of Language Style The essential of languag e style consists of four parts.Firstly one is“naturally”,it means that the translator should considerate language feature of target language and source language,meanwhile should considerate personality style of novels writer.Secondly the translator should unite all the factors of the novel and keep unitary.Thirdly the translator should use“imitation”,the last the translator should get rid of origin-shaping so that reveal origin essence 3.Data Description The data to be analyzed consist of two paragraphs that are translations of language style from two versions of the same English original novel,named Pride and Prejudice.Jane Austen is one of the most famous female novelists in the world.Pride and Prejudice is her most outstanding representative.The novel on the dialogue of the characters description,not only proper,and subtle set people thinking,rich,successful highlights the character,making the book in the history of English literature won the important position.Its first Chinese version was translated by famous literary translator Wang Keyi(王科一)in 1956.And then another famous literary translator Sun Zhili(孙致礼)translate the same novel.Both of two versions have advantage and disadvantage of translation,through comparing the two versions we can find out how 4 to make translation decision.4.Data Analysis 4.1 Coincide with speaker social cultural In example(STL1)Mr.Collins propose:The original:“thirdly-which perhaps I ought to have mentioned earlier,that it is the particular advice and recommendation of the very noble lady whom I have the honour of calling patroness.”In the vision 1,Wang Keyi translated“patroness”into“女施主”。In the vision 2，Sun Zhili translated“patroness”into“女恩主”Wang Keyi translated“patroness”into“女施主”，“女施主”is Buddhism language，it not coincide with the religion of Pride and Prejudice.Another example in(STL1)Mr.Collins propose:The original:“I am therefore by no means discouraged by what you have just said,and shall hope to lead you the altar ere long.”In the vision 1,Wang Keyi translated“altar”into“神坛”。In the vision 2，Sun Zhili translated“altar”into“成亲”。It might be not appropriate that Wang Keyi translated altar into 神坛.Most of British people are Christian and Catholic,they are generally married in the church.That is because of different culture between China and The UK.Compared to Wang Keyi,Sun Zhili translated into 结婚 which is more acceptable by Chinese culture,although not as good as the straightforward to the church,but also allows the readers do not understand the British wedding ceremony to understand this sentence is“我希望不久就能与你结婚.4.2 Coincide with speaker social status and identity In example(STL1)Mr.Collins propose:The original:Mr.Collins,you must marry.A clergyman like you must marry.-Chuse properly,chuse a gentlewoman for my sake;and for your own,let her be an active,useful sort of person,not brought up high,but able to make a small income go 5 a good way.This is my advice.Find such a woman as soon as you can,bring her to Hunsford,and I will visit her.In the vision 1,Wang Keyi translated“must”into“必须”；Translated“Chuse properly,chuse a gentlewoman for my sake;and for your own”into“挑选一个好人家的女儿，为了我，也为了你自己”In the vision 2，Sun Zhili translated“must”into“应该”；Translated“Chuse properly,chuse a gentlewoman for my sake;and for your own”into“选个合适的对象。为了我，选个有教养的女人；为了你自己，选个能干管用的人”The two translators have translated the strengths and weaknesses.The author believes that must should be translated as 必须 here,more like an elderly person 应该 statement for the young peoples recommendations by Austin Description learned that Lady Catherine is a social status high rich woman,and the Kosslyn Mr.is in her help to become parish priest in the thought of Lady Catherine,Mr.Kosslyn with her superior and subordinate relationship,必须 word to better reflect the Lady Catherine identity.But then the following sentence,it could be seen that Sun Zhili translation is more appropriate selection of a peoples Daughter style translation more colloquial than choose a suitable object does not embody lofty Lady Catherines warning tone.Sun Zhili to separate translation of this sentence for me.for you.are entirely different,emphasizing the Lady Catherine distinct hierarchy thought.In example(STL3)Mr.Collins Letter:The original:“I feel myself called upon by our relationship”In the vision 1,Wang Keyi translated“昨接哈福德郡来信，借悉先生目前正值心烦意乱，不胜苦悲”In the vision 2，Sun Zhili translated“昨接赫特福德来信，获悉先生忧心惨切，在下看在自身名分和彼此”It can be seen that both Wang Keyi and Sun Zhili translate the letter of Mr.Collins to a kind of classical Chinese.Most of The original sentences are long,formal and rigid.Both two translators choose the form of classical Chinese to portray Mr.Collinss 6 self-righteousness,conceited.4.3 Conform to the particular situation and time The language habits of the characters have a relative stability,but this stability is not consistent and immutable.On specific occasions,certain environmental factors affect the attitude of the characters change may bring the language to change,for example,anger usually make a gentle people yell.In example(STL4)After Elizabeth refusal Mr.Collins propose The original:“Oh!Mr.Bennet,you are wanted immediately;we are all in an uproar “Elizabeth replied that it wasVery well-and this offer of marriage you have refused?“I have Sir.”In the vision 1,，Wang Keyi translated“哦，我的好老爷，你得马上出来一下，我们闹得天翻地覆了呢”“伊莉莎白说，真有这回事。”很好。你把这桩婚事回绝了吗？“我回绝了，爸爸。”In the vision 2，Sun Zhili translated“哦，贝内特先生，你快出来一下，我们家里闹翻天了”“伊丽莎白回答说，真有这回事”很好这门亲事让你给回绝了？“我是回绝了，爸爸。”It can be seen from the original have been a man,but very formal tone,said each others last name,and use Mr.,Mrs.And other official language,Elizabeth not called the father is father,but Sir replied the father.We can see that because the marriage of Elizabeth,a man appeared in the eyes of the differences,each was nest a son gas,Wang Keyi translated 我的好老爷 did not reflect was the couples feelings,not as good as Sun Zhili directly translated as Mr.Bennett more straightforward to show Bennett Mrs.dissatisfaction.7 5.Results and Suggestions 5.1 Results In literary works,the speech of each participant in the conversation is peculiar in a certain way.For a translator the peculiarity of the individual speaker can and should be reproduced.To achieve this,the translator should make sure that the tone of the speaker in the target language is in agreement with the status and the temperament of the speaker in the original and with the particular situation concerned.5.2 Suggestions 5.2.1 What the speaker says should coincide with speakers social cultural It is generally agreed that translation is a code switch from one language to another language,so the cultural factors should be greatly concerned in translating.In the literary works,there are many idioms,proverbs and slang expression in the characters speech,which are unique in certain nations,religions,histories and regions.This paper suggests that the translated works should be harmonious on the whole.As for the translation of the characters conversation,this paper holds that the speakers speech should be corresponding to the culture in speaker is living.5.2.2 What the speaker says should coincide with speakers social status and identity In the characters speech,the cultural factors may be very essential to reflect their social status and identity.If the translator does not adopt the appropriate strategies,the readers of the translate version will misunderstand the original.5.2.3 What the speaker says should coincide with speakers personality Different people have different speaking manners.In novels the readers may judge what kinds of personality the speaker is by speakers says,and the author should try every means to make the characters more striking and impressive.5.2.4 The speaker says should conform to the particular situation and time In some cases,the culture loaded expressions in the characters speech can reflect the particularity of the situation and time,so the readers require a good understanding of them in order to get a good understanding of the novel.8 6.Conclusion The translation of the characters conversation in novels is very complicated in that it belongs to the literary translation.It is the result of the authors trying to create the impressive images of characters in her novel.This paper employs the functional equival