最全的高中英语主谓一致讲解及练习_(精华版).pdf

高中英语之“主谓一致”高中英语之“主谓一致”（*）主谓一致的概念。）主谓一致的概念。所谓主谓一致是指所谓主谓一致是指“主语和谓语动词”“主语和谓语动词”之间之间,即即（主语的人称和单复数形式）（主语的人称和单复数形式）决定着决定着（谓（谓语动词对应的形式）语动词对应的形式）。（一）主谓一致的种类（一）主谓一致的种类一、一、【语法一致】【语法一致】1.and1.两个或两个以上单数名词或者代词作主语的时候两个或两个以上单数名词或者代词作主语的时候,谓语动词有以下两种情况：谓语动词有以下两种情况：(1)(1)如果指两个或两个以上不同的人或事物的时候如果指两个或两个以上不同的人或事物的时候,谓语动词用复数。谓语动词用复数。He and she _both students of this school.He and she _both students of this school.他和她都是这个学校的学生。他和她都是这个学校的学生。（2 2）如果连接两个以上的名词指的是同一个人或物）如果连接两个以上的名词指的是同一个人或物,或者指同一概念的时候或者指同一概念的时候,谓语要用单数。谓语要用单数。The singer and dancer_ going to give us a performance.The singer and dancer_ going to give us a performance.那个歌唱家兼舞蹈演员要给我们表演。那个歌唱家兼舞蹈演员要给我们表演。The knife and fork _on the table.The knife and fork _on the table.刀叉在桌子上。刀叉在桌子上。2.2.如果主语是如果主语是 的时候的时候,谓语动词一般用单数。谓语动词一般用单数。When he is coming seems very important.When he is coming seems very important.他什么时候要来看起来很重要。他什么时候要来看起来很重要。Collecting stamps is his hobby.Collecting stamps is his hobby.收集邮票是他的爱好。收集邮票是他的爱好。To love her is not to break her wings.To love her is not to break her wings.爱她就不该折断她自由飞翔的翅膀。爱她就不该折断她自由飞翔的翅膀。.3.3.定语从句的定语从句的 who,which,that在从句中作主语时，要与在从句中作主语时，要与 的人称和数保持一致。的人称和数保持一致。Those who enjoy singing may join us.Those who enjoy singing may join us.Tom,who is your friend,should help you.Tom,who is your friend,should help you.with,along with,together with,as well as,besides,like,without,except,but,includingwith,along with,together with,as well as,besides,like,without,except,but,including 如果句子中有这如果句子中有这些连接词和主语连用些连接词和主语连用,谓语动词的数谓语动词的数 而变化。而变化。例如：例如：The teacher,together with his students,is planting trees in the street.The teacher,together with his students,is planting trees in the street.老师和他的学生们正在街道上植树。老师和他的学生们正在街道上植树。二、二、意义一致原则意义一致原则 指主谓一致取决于主语的其实际意义。指主谓一致取决于主语的其实际意义。（有的主语名词在形式上是单数（有的主语名词在形式上是单数,但在意义上却是复数；有但在意义上却是复数；有的主语名词在形式上是复数的主语名词在形式上是复数,但在意义上却是单数。但在意义上却是单数。）不定代词不定代词 all,more,some,any,noneall,more,some,any,none作主语作主语,谓语动词视情况而定。谓语动词视情况而定。All of the apples _rotten.All of the apples _rotten.所有的苹果都烂了。所有的苹果都烂了。All of the apple _rotten.All of the apple _rotten.整个苹果都烂了。整个苹果都烂了。None of the money_ left.None of the money_ left.没有剩下一点钱。没有剩下一点钱。1None of the students _ there.None of the students _ there.没有学生在那里。没有学生在那里。2.the rest of;half of;part of;majority of;percent of;one third of2.the rest of;half of;part of;majority of;percent of;one third of 在句子中加名词作主语的时候在句子中加名词作主语的时候,。Half of the students _finished their composition.Half of the students _finished their composition.一半的学生已经完成了他们的作文。一半的学生已经完成了他们的作文。Half of the apple _bad.Half of the apple _bad.一半的苹果坏了。一半的苹果坏了。About 60 percent of the students in our school _boys.About 60 percent of the students in our school _boys.我们学校我们学校,大约百分之六十的学生是男生大约百分之六十的学生是男生.3.3.集合名词作主语集合名词作主语,动词可用单数动词可用单数,也可以用复数。主要由句子的意思决定。强调整体谓语动词用单也可以用复数。主要由句子的意思决定。强调整体谓语动词用单数；指全体人员时数；指全体人员时,动词则用复数。这一类常见的集合名词有动词则用复数。这一类常见的集合名词有 public,family,class,crowd,population,public,family,class,crowd,population,team,groupteam,group。His family _going out.His family _going out.他们全家要外出。他们全家要外出。His family _all music lovers.His family _all music lovers.他们全家人都是音乐爱好者。他们全家人都是音乐爱好者。4.4.某些名词如某些名词如 people,police,cattlepeople,police,cattle 等等,形式上是单数形式上是单数,但意义上是复数但意义上是复数,谓语动词应用复数。谓语动词应用复数。peoplepeople 指指“民族”时是例外。“民族”时是例外。The police are searching for a thief.The police are searching for a thief.The cattle are eating grass on the hill.The cattle are eating grass on the hill.5.5.复合不定代词作主语复合不定代词作主语,谓语动词要用单数，如谓语动词要用单数，如 someonesomeone,somebody,somebody,something,something,anybody,anybody,anyone,anyone,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,no one,nothinganything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,no one,nothing。Someone is asking for you.Someone is asking for you.有人找你。有人找你。Nothing is found in the room.Nothing is found in the room.在屋子里什么也没找到。在屋子里什么也没找到。一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时，一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，谓语动词通常用复数形式，例如：例如：glasses,clothes,glasses,clothes,trousers,shoes,compasses,chopsticks,scissorstrousers,shoes,compasses,chopsticks,scissors等。但如果主语用“等。但如果主语用“a kind of,a pair of,a series ofa kind of,a pair of,a series of等加等加名词”构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。名词”构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如：如：The pair of shoes is worn out.The pair of shoes is worn out.这双鞋破了。这双鞋破了。The shoes are worn out.The shoes are worn out.鞋子破了。鞋子破了。7.7.某些名词以某些名词以 s s 结尾如结尾如 maths,politics,physics,news,plasticsmaths,politics,physics,news,plastics 等，谓语动词应用单数。等，谓语动词应用单数。Physics is a very interesting subject.Physics is a very interesting subject.物理是一门很有趣的学科。物理是一门很有趣的学科。如：如：不定代词不定代词 each,every,noeach,every,no所修饰的名词所修饰的名词 ，谓语动词仍用单数形式。谓语动词仍用单数形式。every.and every.;each.and each.;no.and no.every.and every.;each.and each.;no.and no.在以上短语中在以上短语中 andand 连接的单数名词连接的单数名词,整个短语整个短语在句中作主语时在句中作主语时,谓语动词常使用单数。谓语动词常使用单数。Each boy and each girl wants to go to the cinema.Each boy and each girl wants to go to the cinema.Each man and each woman is asked to attend.Each man and each woman is asked to attend.Every boy and every girl in the class is diligent.Every boy and every girl in the class is diligent.班级中的每个男孩女孩都很用功。班级中的每个男孩女孩都很用功。No sound and no voice is heard.No sound and no voice is heard.听不到任何声音。听不到任何声音。29.9.以以 a number ofa number of 作主语时作主语时,谓语动词用复数谓语动词用复数;以以 the number ofthe number of 作主语时作主语时,谓语动词用单数。谓语动词用单数。A number of new books are on the desk.A number of new books are on the desk.The number of students in you class is 50.The number of students in you class is 50.10.10.有些名词的单数和复数形式一样有些名词的单数和复数形式一样,作主语的时候作主语的时候,其谓语动词由上下文决定其谓语动词由上下文决定,这一类名词有这一类名词有:means,works,deer,fish,sheep,Chinese,Japanesemeans,works,deer,fish,sheep,Chinese,Japanese等。等。Not every means is useful.Not every means is useful.不是每种方法都好使。不是每种方法都好使。Not all means are useful.Not all means are useful.不是所有的方法都好使。不是所有的方法都好使。11.11.如果主语有如果主语有 more than onemore than one很多很多 非常或非常或 many amany a 许多构成，许多构成，one and a halfone and a half 与单数名词组成的与单数名词组成的短语。尽管从意义上看是复数内容，但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式。短语。尽管从意义上看是复数内容，但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：如：More than one student has read the book.More than one student has read the book.Many a girl has been there.Many a girl has been there.但是，但是，“more+more+复数名词复数名词+than one+than one”结构之后，谓语动词一般多用复数形式。”结构之后，谓语动词一般多用复数形式。如：如：More members than one are against your plan.More members than one are against your plan.A pair of shoes was on the desk.A pair of shoes was on the desk.Many a boy has seen it.Many a boy has seen it.许多孩子都看到了。许多孩子都看到了。12.12.书刊名、时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词作主语时书刊名、时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。谓语动词常用单数。Thirty years is not a long time.Thirty years is not a long time.Roots is a famous American novel.Roots is a famous American novel.三、三、就近原则就近原则 either.or;neither.nor;not only.but also,whether.oreither.or;neither.nor;not only.but also,whether.or在句子中连接主语的时候或者在在句子中连接主语的时候或者在there bethere be句句型中型中,谓语动词要和就近的主语保持一致。谓语动词要和就近的主语保持一致。Neither you nor I am wrong.Neither you nor I am wrong.There is a cup of tea and some applesThere is a cup of tea and some appleson the table.on the table.Not only the students but also the teacher wishes for a holiday.Not only the students but also the teacher wishes for a holiday.四、就前原则四、就前原则as well as,together with,but,except,like,besidesas well as,together with,but,except,like,besides，ratherthanratherthan 在句子中连接主语的时候在句子中连接主语的时候,谓谓语动词要与前面的主语保持一致语动词要与前面的主语保持一致Everybody except you is down on me.Everybody except you is down on me.除了你，大家都看不起我。除了你，大家都看不起我。A woman with two children has come.A woman with two children has come.一位妇女带着两个孩子已经来了一位妇女带着两个孩子已经来了John,rather than his roommates,is to blame.John,rather than his roommates,is to blame.约翰，而不是他的室友，应受责备约翰，而不是他的室友，应受责备Jim,together with his classmates,has seen the film.Jim,together with his classmates,has seen the film.吉姆和他的同学都看看过这电影吉姆和他的同学都看看过这电影 注意事项注意事项 this kind of book=a book of this kind(this kind of book=a book of this kind(这种书这种书),),其谓语用单数其谓语用单数;短语短语 this kind of men=men of thisthis kind of men=men of thiskind=these kind of men(kind=these kind of men(口语口语)()(这一类人这一类人),),但但 this kind of menthis kind of men 的谓语用单数的谓语用单数,men of this kind,men of this kind和和these kind of menthese kind of men 的谓语用复数的谓语用复数,all kinds of,all kinds of 后跟复数名词后跟复数名词,谓语用复数形式。谓语用复数形式。3例如：例如：This kind of men is dangerous.This kind of men is dangerous.Men of this kind are dangerous.Men of this kind are dangerous.2.2.在主谓倒装的句子中在主谓倒装的句子中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。例如谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。例如:Between the two windows hangs a picture.Between the two windows hangs a picture.3.3.“分数或百分数“分数或百分数+名词”名词”构成的短语以及由构成的短语以及由“a lot of,lots of,plenty of,a large quantity of,a heap of,a lot of,lots of,plenty of,a large quantity of,a heap of,heaps of,half of+heaps of,half of+名词”构成的短语作主语时名词”构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词要与短语中其谓语动词要与短语中 ofof 后面的名词的数保持一致后面的名词的数保持一致,这这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词,而短语中前面的量词是修饰语。例如而短语中前面的量词是修饰语。例如:Lots of damage was caused by fire.Lots of damage was caused by fire.About three-fourths of the earthAbout three-fourths of the earths surface is covered with water.s surface is covered with water.Three-fifths of the workers here are women.Three-fifths of the workers here are women.和这种情况类似的还有“和这种情况类似的还有“a a numbernumber ofof+名词复数”名词复数”。但是。但是,“thethe numbernumber ofof+名词”的中心词却是名词”的中心词却是numbernumber。试比较：。试比较：A number of students have gone to the countryside to help with the autumn harvest.A number of students have gone to the countryside to help with the autumn harvest.The number of pages in this book is two hundred.The number of pages in this book is two hundred.a(large)quantity ofa(large)quantity of 修饰可数或不可数名词修饰可数或不可数名词,其短语作主语时其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数。谓语动词用单数。A large quantity of people is needed here.A large quantity of people is needed here.quantities ofquantities of 修饰可数或不可数名词修饰可数或不可数名词,其短语作主语时其短语作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数。谓语动词一般用复数。例如例如:Quantities of food(nuts)were on the table.Quantities of food(nuts)were on the table.短语短语 in quantity,in large quantitiesin quantity,in large quantities 意为意为“大量”“大量”;in small quantities;in small quantities 意为“少量”意为“少量”。4.4.a a great deal of,great deal of,a a large amountlarge amount of,of,修饰不可数名词修饰不可数名词,其短语作主语时其短语作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数谓语动词通常用单数;largelargeamounts ofamounts of 修饰不可数名词修饰不可数名词,其短语作主语时其短语作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数。例如谓语动词通常用复数。例如:5.5.表示数量的表示数量的 one and a halfone and a half 后后,名词要用复数形式名词要用复数形式,但是其短语作主语时但是其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。谓语动词用单数形式。例如：例如：One and a half bananas is left on the table.One and a half bananas is left on the table.6.6.单复数同形的名词作主语时，依照意义一致的原则，表示单数意义时，谓语用单数；反之，谓语用单复数同形的名词作主语时，依照意义一致的原则，表示单数意义时，谓语用单数；反之，谓语用复数形式。这类名词有：复数形式。这类名词有：sheep,deer,means(sheep,deer,means(方法、手段方法、手段),works(),works(工厂工厂),species(),species(种类种类)7.7.在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：Between the two windows hangs a picture.Between the two windows hangs a picture.高中英语主谓一致专项练习题及答案高中英语主谓一致专项练习题及答案从从 A A、B B、C C、D D 四个选项中四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.One-third of the area _ covered with green trees.About seventy percent of the trees _ been1.One-third of the area _ covered with green trees.About seventy percent of the trees _ beenplanted.planted.A.are;haveA.are;haveB.is;hasB.is;hasC.is;haveC.is;haveD.are;hasD.are;has2.The number of teachers in our college _ greatly increased last term.A number of teachers in this2.The number of teachers in our college _ greatly increased last term.A number of teachers in thisschool _ from the countryside.school _ from the countryside.A.was;isA.was;isB.was;areB.was;areC.were;areC.were;areD.were;isD.were;is3.What _ the population of China?One-third of the population _ workers here.3.What _ the population of China?One-third of the population _ workers here.A.is;areA.is;areB.are;areB.are;areC.is;isC.is;isD.are;isD.are;is4.Not only he but also we _ right.He as well as we _ right.4.Not only he but also we _ right.He as well as we _ right.A.are;areA.are;areB.are;isB.are;isC.is;isC.is;isD.is;areD.is;are5.What he5.What hed like _ a digital watch.What hed like _ a digital watch.What hed like _ textbooks.d like _ textbooks.A.are;areA.are;areB.is;isB.is;isC.is;areC.is;areD.are;isD.are;is46.He is one of the boys who _ here on time.He is the only one of the boys who _ here on time.6.He is one of the boys who _ here on time.He is the only one of the boys who _ here on time.A.has come;have comeA.has come;have comeB.have come;has comeB.have come;has comeC.has come;has comeC.has come;has comeD.have come;have comeD.have come;have come7.Either you or he _ interested in playing chess._ you or he fond of music at present?7.Either you or he _ interested in playing chess._ you or he fond of music at present?A.are;AreA.are;AreB.is;AreB.is;AreC.are;IsC.are;IsD.is;IsD.is;Is8.Many a professor _ looking forward to visiting Germany now.8.Many a professor _ looking forward to visiting Germany now.Many scientists _ studiedMany scientists _ studiedanimals and plants in the last two years.animals and plants in the last two years.A.is;haveA.is;haveB.is;hasB.is;hasC.are;haveC.are;haveD.is;areD.is;are9.A knife and a fork _ on the table.A knife and fork _ on the table.9.A knife and a fork _ on the table.A knife and fork _ on the table.A.is;isA.is;isB.are;areB.are;areC.are;isC.are;isD.is;areD.is;are10.10.HerHer familyfamily _ muchmuch largerlarger thanthan minemine fourfour yearsyears ago.ago.HerHer familyfamily _ dancingdancing andand singingsingingwhen I came in last night.when I came in last night.A.were;wasA.were;wasB.was;wereB.was;wereC.was;wasC.was;wasD.were;wereD.were;were11.11.HowHow andand whywhy JackJack camecame toto ChinaChina _ notnot known.known.WhenWhen andand wherewhere toto buildbuild thethe newnew librarylibrary_ not been decided._ not been decided.A.is;hasA.is;hasB.are;hasB.are;hasC.is;haveC.is;haveD.are;haveD.are;have12.Now Tom together with his classmates _ football on the playground.12.Now Tom together with his classmates _ football on the playground.A.playA.playB.are playingB.are playingC.playsC.playsD.is playingD.is playing13.Two hundred and fifty pounds _ too unreasonable a price for a second-hand car.13.Two hundred and fifty pounds _ too unreasonable a price for a second-hand car.A.isA.isB.areB.areC.wereC.wereD.beD.be14.All but Dick _ in Class Three this term.14.All but Dick _ in Class Three this term.A.areA.areB.isB.isC.wereC.wereD.wasD.was15.Soon after the earthquake,every man,woman and child _ about it.15.Soon after the earthquake,every man,woman and child _ about it.A.were talkingA.were talkingB.was talkingB.was talkingC.talkC.talkD.talksD.talks16.We each _ strong points and each of us on the other hand _ weak points.16.We each _ strong points and each of us on the other hand _ weak points.A.have;haveA.have;haveB.has;haveB.has;haveC.has;hasC.has;hasD.have;hasD.have;has17.My friend and classmate Paul _ motorcycles in his spare time.17.My friend and classmate Paul _ motorcycles in his spare time.A.raceA.raceB.racesB.racesC.is racedC.is racedD.is racingD.is racing18.There _ a pen,two pencils,and three books on the desk.18.There _ a pen,two pencils,and three books on the desk.A.areA.areB.isB.isC.hasC.hasD.haveD.have19.The factory,including its machines and buildings,_ burnt last night.19.The factory,including its machines and buildings,_ burnt last night.A.isA.isB.areB.areC.wereC.wereD.wasD.was20.Climbing hills _ of great help to health.20.Climbing hills _ of great help to