人教版高中英语必修2Unit3知识点详解.doc

Part 1. Warming up1. In pairs discuss what they have in mon adj. 共同的，普遍的；常见的常用结构：in common 共有，公用(在句中多作状语）have nothing/little/a lot/something in common (with) sb.与某人没有/许多/有些共同之处in common with 和一样common sense/knowledge 常识common welfare 公共福利Jane and I have nothing in common.=I have nothing in common with Jane. 我与简毫无共同之处。In common with many young people, he prefers pop songs.和许多年轻人一样，他喜欢流行歌曲。2. Work out a list and compare it with your partner. compare.with/to.把。和。作比较 Compare this with/to that, and youll find which is better.把这个和那个比较，你就知道哪个更好了。 注意：（1）compare.to.还有“把。比作。”之意，不可用compare.with.替换。 Shakespeare compared the world to a stage.莎士比亚把世界比作一个舞台。 （2）过去分词短语compared with(与。相比）作状语时，可与compared to替换。 Compared with/to most children,she was indeed very unfortunate.与多数孩子相比，她确实很不幸。3.calculate v.计算；打算；推测。calculate on/upon指望；打算be calculated to do打算做；故意做be calculated for适合于，为。而设计Mary always calculates the cost of goods before she buys them.玛丽总是在买东西之前先估算好价钱。Mr.Li calculated that it would take him three hours to get to Shenzhen.李先生估计他要花三个小时才能到达深圳。We cannot always calculate on/upon others help .我们不能总是指望别人的帮助。What I said yesterday was not calculated to hurt you.昨天我说的话不是有意伤害你的。Part 2. Pre-reading, reading and comprehending 1. Although I was young I could simplify difficult sums.sum n. 金额; 款项; 总数; 算术题常用结构：in sum 简言之; 总而言之sum up/sum sth. up 总结；概括He was fined the sum of 200$. 他被处以200美元的罚金。The sum of 5 and 3 is 8. 5加3的和是8。To sum up, there are three main ways of solving the problem.概括起来说，这个问题主要有三种解决办法。In sum, the plan failed.总之，计划失败了。2.I developed very slowly and it took nearly two hundred years before I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage.我发育缓慢，差不多到了两百年之后，查尔斯巴比奇才把我制成了一台分析机。 （1）“It took/was+一段时间+before从句”是一个固定句型,意为“过了后才 ”。 （2）before用于这类句型时的结构还有： It didnt take/was long (或一段时间) before.过了不久（一段时间）就It will take/be long (或一段时间) before.要过很久（一段时间）才 It wont take/be long (或一段时间) before.不久（一段时间后）就会3. By the 1940s I had grown as large as a room. “by+时间名词”意为“到。为止” By the time he came back we had had our dinner. 等他回来的时候我们已经吃完晚饭了。 He has finished his work by now. 到目前为止，他已经做完他的工作了。 Well have graduated from high school by next June.到明年六月份我们就中学毕业了。4. As time went by, I was made smaller. 在本句中, as用作连词,引导时间状语从句,表示“随着”, 而with 用作介词, 后接名词短语,形成with结构。 Eg： 随着时间的流逝，他们变成了好朋友。As time went by, they became close friends. As time went by,=With time going by,.随着他长大，他对一切都失去了兴趣。As he grew up, he lost interest in everything.go by (1) (时间)过去，逝去 As time goes by, my memory seems to get worse.(2) 从经过 Did you see a boy go by on a bicycle?(3) 按照，遵循 Dont go by that old map.别参照那张旧地图。（4） 以来判断 You cant always go by appearances.你不能总是以貌取人。（5）（机会）等失去；轻易放过（一次好机会）Never let a good opportunity go by. go over 检查，复习 go out 出去，熄灭 go through 遭受，经历联想拓展go against 违背；对不利 go without 勉强维持，凑合;没有而将就go in for 爱好；参加；从事 go over 复习;仔细审查 go ahead 进行；发生；（尤指经某人允许）开始做go through 通过；经历，经受；查看，调查go out 出去；熄灭5.As a result I totally changed my shape.（1）total adj. 总的；全部的；整个的n总数；合计 v总数为；合计为totally adv. 完全地；整个地in total 总共；总计(totally)（2）as a result 结果；因此as a result of 由于；作为的结果result in (cause)导致；致使 result from (be caused by) 起因于；因而引起with the result that 结果是。 即学即练6(1) Hard work _ success.努力终归成功。(2) Success _ hard work.成功来自于努力工作。(3)He was ill. _， he didnt go to school.他生病了。因此，他没去上学。(4)_ his illness, he didnt go to school.由于生病，他没去上学（5）The farm was flooded, with the result that most of the harvest was lost.农场被淹，收成损失了一大半。results in results from As a result As a result of联想拓展as a consequence 结果in consequence 结果in consequence of 由于6.Over time my memory has developed so much that, like an elephant, I never forget anything I have been told！随着时间的推移，我的记忆能力发展得如此之快，就像一头大象一样，我从来不会忘记告诉我的任何事情！拓展：(1)当 so./such.位于句首时，句子要部分倒装,但 that 后的从句不用倒装。So small was the mark that I could hardly see it.那个标记非常小，我几乎看不见它。So hard does he work that he seldom goes home.他工作那么努力，几乎不回家。 (2)so.that.中的主句和从句的主语是同一个，that 从句也可改为 as to do 形式。The old lady was so kind that she led me to the hospital.The old lady was so kind as to lead me to the hospital.这个老太太是那样好心，她把我领到了医院。(3)so that 连在一起用，可引导结果状语从句，也可引导目的状语从句。so that引导目的状语从句时，从句中常使用 can/could/may/might/will/would/should 等情态动词；引导结果状语从句时，从句中一般不用 can和 may等词，在 so that前可以有逗号，意思是“因此；所以”。He hurried up so that he could catch the train.他匆匆赶路为的是赶上火车。(对比：He hurried up so that he caught the train. 他匆匆赶路，结果赶上了火车。)(4)not so+adj./adv. (as.)（不像）这么It didnt take so long as we expected.时间没像我们预料的那么久。I havent enjoyed myself so much for a long time.我很长时间没有这么高兴过了。高手过招单项填空What a beautiful day!Yes, its that Id like to take a walk. （200912陕西西安检测）A. such nice weather B. so a nice weatherC. too nice weather D. nice weather so解析：选A。因为此处weather是中心词，但它为不可数名词，所以不能加冠词。 即境活用1(1)_about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research.ASo curious the couple was BSo curious were the coupleCHow curious the couple were DThe couple was such curious解析：考查 so.that.引导结果状语从句，且 so.放于句首时，句子部分倒装。答案：B (2)Most children need encouragement in time of failure _ they can cheer up again.Aso thatBin case Cbecause Dif解析：考查 so that 引导目的状语从句。答案：A7. But I was always so lonely standing there by myself, until in the early 1960s. 当not until 引导的时间状语位于句首时，句子用部分倒装。如： Not until he lost the game a second time did he realize his fault.直到他再次输了比赛他才意识到他的失误。8Anyhow, my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality.无论如何，我的目标是为人类提供高质量的生活。（1）anyhowadv.（也作anyway）不管怎样，无论如何；反正；即使如此“粗心地，随意地”，作此意讲时，只能用 anyhow。联想拓展somehow adv. 以某种方式, 用某种方法；不知怎么地somewhat adv.有点，稍微He told me not to buy it, but I bought it anyhow.他告诉我不要买它，但不管怎样，我还是买了。It may snow, but anyhow I will go to the town.可能要下雪,但无论如何我都要进城。We must get the work finished somehow by tomorrow morning.我们必须设法在明天早上以前把工作做完。Somehow we lost our way.不知怎么地我们迷路了。My jacket is somewhat like yours.我的夹克与你那件有点相似。完成句子 我对这个工作有点厌倦了。I am tired of this work.不知怎么地,他害怕她。 he was afraid of her.他无论如何也不能使她信服。He couldnt convince her .somewhat Somehow anyhow（2）ofn.结构中的名词是抽象名词时，相当于其名词所对应的形容词的意思，说明被修饰词具有某种特征或属性。常用的名词有：use, importance, help, value, interest, benefit 等。这些名词前可用 great, no, little, some, any, not much 等修饰，以表示不同程度。The camel is of great help to the Arab.(The camel is very helpful to the Arab.)骆驼对阿拉伯人有很大帮助。 ofn.结构中的名词表种类、数量、度量等时，表示不同的人或物的共同特征，此时名词前通常有冠词。常用的名词有：size, type, kind, price, height, depth, length, weight, age, shape, colour 等。The two are of an age, but are of different height.即学即用 Excuse me,could you tell me the way to the British Museum? Sorry,Im a stranger here. . A.Thanks anyway B.It doesnt matter C.Never mind D.No problem 解析 A.不管怎样，还是要谢谢你。B.没关系。C.不要紧；不用担心。D.没问题。句意为：打扰了，你能告诉我去大英博物馆的路吗？抱歉，我在这儿是个陌生人。不管怎样，还是要谢谢你。即境活用2You will find this map of great _ in helping you to get around London.Aprice Bcost Cvalue Dusefulness解析：be of great valuebe very valuable “很有价值”。答案：CPart 3. Learning about Language1.make full/he best use of 充分利用 make good ues of 好好利用2.develop an interest in 对。感兴趣（interest为名词）3.be crazy about 对。着迷4.By the time I was sixteen, my dream had come true. come into reality成为现实5. The company has given its computers away to a local school.give away (1)赠送; 赠予She decided to give these old clothes away.她决定把这些旧衣服送给别人。 (2)分发，颁发The headmaster gave away the prizes at the school sports day.校长在校运动会那天颁发了奖项。 （3）泄露，暴露She gave away state secrets to the enemy.她把国家机密泄露给了敌人。 （4）失去; 丧失 Youve given away a good chance of success.你失去了一次成功的良机。gave out 分发，发出（气味、热等）；发表，公布；用完，耗尽，筋疲力竭Part 4. Using Language1. Before you listen, discuss in pairs what IT consists of. consist vi.组成；在于；一致 Our class consists of 60 students. 我们班由60名学生组成。（consist of 无被动形式，也不用于进行时） consist in 在于 Happiness consists in appreciating what you have.知足者常乐。 consist with 与。一致 Theory should consist with practice.理论应与实践相一致2.take advantage of sb./sth利用；占便宜He never helps me without trying to take advantage of me. 他每次帮我都想占我便宜。即境活用6I hope that full advantage is _ of our library.Amade BclaimedCtaken Dbrought解析take advantage of 利用，为固定搭配。答案C3. On the football team Im a striker so I have to be able to run very fast.我在足球队中是前锋，所以我需要跑得非常快。 on 表示“是。的成员，在。供职” He is on the Peoples Daily. 他在人民日报报社里工作。 on 还可表示“在活动中”，“处于。状态中” on holiday 在度假 on leave 休假 on business 出差 on fire 着火 on strike 在罢工4.I have learned to signal to my teammates in computer language to give me the ball.signaln. 信号；手势；声音；暗号v. 发信号；用信号传达；用信号与通讯常用结构：a signal of/for sth.的信号signal (to）sb./sth. to do sth. 向某人发出做某事的信号He signaled (to) the waiter to bring the menu.他示意服务员把菜单拿过来。signal(sb.) that.示意signal with .用发信号 A red light is usually a signal for/of danger.红灯通常是危险的信号。He was signalling with a red flag. 他用红旗传达信号。He signalled to the waiter for the bill. 他示意服务员结账。5. personallyadv. 就个人而言；亲自personality人格；个性personally speaking /as far as I am concerned就本人而言联想拓展personally意为“就个人而言”时的同义短语：in my opinionas far as Im concernedin my viewas far as I can seefrom my point of view for my perspectiveThe owner of the hotel welcomed us personally. 这家旅馆的主人亲自接待了我们。Personally (speaking), I think he is a very good man, but you may not agree. 就个人而言, 我认为他是个很好的人, 但也许你不这么认为。6In a way our programmer is like our coach.in a way在某种程度上all the way一路上；一直；完全by way of经由；途经by the way顺便说in the way妨碍，挡路in this way以这种方法in no way决不，无论如何都不on the way在途中on ones way to.在某人去的途中；give way (to sb./sth.)屈服；让步make ones way 前进；成功；有出息way to do / doing sth.做某事的方式 即学即练7(1)You are quite right _.从某一方面来讲，你完全正确。(2)Its surprising that so many people should go abroad _ Hong Kong.竟然有这么多的人途经香港去国外，真让人吃惊。(3)_ can we miss the chance that someone will be sent abroad for further education.我们决不能错过这个被派往国外深造的机会。 (4)Our employer will not _ our demands for higher wages.我们的雇主不会对我们增加工资的要求让步。(5)Dont stand _.不要妨碍别人。(6) The ship _ through the waves. 这艘船乘风破浪前进。in a way by way of Hong Kong In no way can we miss give way to in the waymade its way 7.She programs us with all the possible moves she has seen while watching human games.她把观看人类比赛时所看到的一切可能的动作编入我们的程序。归纳总结本句中的while watching.是“连词+分词短语”作时间状语。when,while,whenever,before,after,until,till和if,unless,though等引导的 时间 和 条件 状语从句，当从句的主语与主句的主语一致且从句谓语动词be的某种形式时，从句的 主语 和 系动词be 可以省略，即用“连词+分词短语”结构来代替从句。当从句为“连词+it is+adj.”时，也常将it is省略掉。即学即用(1)除非收到邀请，否则我是不会去参加她的聚会的。 I wont go to her party . (2)如果有必要的话，我明天来。 ,Ill come tomorrow.unless (I am) invited If (it is) necessary8.Then she prepares relibale moves to use if a new situation arises.arise vi. (arose, arisen)出现，发生；起床，起身A new difficulty has arisen.出现了新的困难。Accident arise from carelessness.疏忽大意往往会引起事故的发生。He arose at dawn.他黎明即起。常用结构：arise from/out of 由引起；由产生Problems have arisen out of the lack of communication.由于缺乏交流而产生了问题。易混辨异arise,arouse,rise,raise原形过去式过去分词 v.-ingarise vi.出现；发生；起因于 arose arisen arisingarouse vt.唤醒，激起aroused aroused arousingrise vi.升起；起身；增长；上升 rose risen risingraise vt.举起；唤起；提高；饲养 raised aised raising The question who raised him arose，which aroused public rising interests.是谁养育了他的问题出现后,引起了公众持续高涨的兴趣。9. In this way I can make up new moves using my “artificial intelligence”.make up化妆；化装；捏造，虚构（故事，诗等）；补上（失去的东西），作出补偿A computer is made up of many different parts.电脑由许多不同的零件组成。He is making up stories. Dont trust him.他在编故事。别信他。She spent two hours making herself up before the party. 她在参加聚会前用了两个小时化妆。Can I leave early this afternoon and make up the time tomorrow?我今天下午早点走，明天补上这段时间，可以吗？联想拓展make up for 补偿be made up of=consist of 由组成make fun of取笑；捉弄make full/good/the best use of 充分利用make it做成功make out设法应付；活下来；过活；了解；辨认；理解make sense有意义；有道理；讲得通make sure确信be made from/of.由制造高手过招(1)单项填空In Singapore, a southeastern Asian country, the Chinese people the largest percentage of its population, so you can speak Chinese there. （200912河北保定检测）A. make up B. take up C. hold up D. turn up 解析： (1) 选A。考查短语辨析。make up意为“编造，弥补，组成，构成”；take up意为“拿起来，占据(时间或空间)”；hold up 意为“阻止”；turn up意为“开大，调高，出现”。10. After all, with the help of my electronic brain .（1）after all 毕竟，终究联想拓展at all 根本，完全；到底，究竟；既然not at all 一点也不in all 总共，共计above all 首先；最重要的是first of all 首先all in all 总之Dont get discouraged by setbacks, we are new to the work after all.别因挫折而灰心,毕竟我们不熟悉这项工作。He did come after all. 他终究还是来了。 高手过招单项填空The hurricane damaged many houses and business buildings; , it caused 20 deaths.（200912山西平遥检测）A. or else B. therefore C. after all D. besidesId like to buy a housemodern, comfortable, and in a quiet neighbourhood. （200911宁夏银川检测）A. in all B. above all C. after all D. at all解析： 选D。由语境逻辑可以推出该空表示“另外，除此之外”，只有D项与句意相符。选B。考查“介词all”的短语辨析。句意为：我想买一座房子时尚、舒适，最重要的是社区要安静。in all 总共；above all 最重要的是；after all 毕竟；at all根本。（2）with the help of意为：在的帮助下。help sb.out帮助某人渡过难关/摆脱困境help sb.with sth.帮助某人做某事help (to) do sth.帮着做某事help oneself to自用（食物）；擅自取用cant help doing sth.禁不住做某事cannot help but do sth.不得不做某事，只得做某事11.This means that it should clean the house,mop the floors,cook the dinner and deal with telephone calls.归纳总结deal with意为：处理；安排；对付。have something/nothing to do with 与有关/无关(1)deal with和do with都可表示“处理；对付”，do with常与连接代词what连用，而deal with常与连接副词how连用。(2)deal with的意思较多，常表示“对付，应付；处理；安排；论述；涉及；与交涉，交易”等。即学即用（1）这是一本论述亚洲问题的书。 This is a book Asian problems.（2）他们学会了和各种人打交道。 They have learned to all sorts of people.12. It should also watch over my naughty niece,.watch over看守；监视；照看Could you watch (over) my clothes while I have a swim?我游泳时你能帮我看着我的衣服吗？He felt that God was watching over him.他感觉到上帝保佑着他。watch out (for) 当心，注意watch for sb./sth. 观察；