人教版高中英语必修3Unit2知识点详解.doc

Part 1. Warming up1diet n. 日常饮食；食物 It is important to have a balanced，healthy diet.均衡、健康的日常饮食很重要。 搭配 be on a diet在节食 go on a diet节食 put sb.on a diet 限制某人的饮食 No sugar in my coffee，please；Im dieting.请不要给我的咖啡放糖，我在节食。(牛津P552)I decided to go_on_a_diet before my holiday.我决定在休假前节食。It is important to have_a_balanced,healthy_diet.拥有均衡、健康的饮食很重要。The doctor put him on a diet after operation.手术之后，医生规定了他的饮食。 2What will happen to you if you dont eat a balanced diet?假如你的饮食不均衡会怎么样？balance n 平衡；天平v平衡；权衡 I think its important for a college student to have a balance between study and a social life. 我认为一个大学生在学习与社会生活之间保持平衡是很重要的。 You have to balance the advantages of living downtown against the disadvantages.你必须权衡住在市中心的利弊。 On balance，the company has had a successful year.总的来说，公司这一年是成功的。根据提示，完成下列句子。 (1)Seeing a car coming at a crossing，she (失去平衡) and fell down from her bike. (2)The key to learning skating is to (保持平衡)lost her balance keep the balance Part 2. Pre-reading, reading and comprehending1. Wang Pengwei sat in his empty restaurant feeling very frustrated.feeling这里是用动词的-ing形式做伴随状语。The manager approached(走近) us smiling.Many of us, being so excited, could not go to sleep that night.2.Suddenly he saw his friend Li Chang hurrying by.突然间，他看到他的朋友李昌匆匆地走过。 see sb.doing sth.意为：看到某人正在做某事。 英语中的感官动词see,hear,notice,watch，feel等后面可以跟宾语补足语。宾语补足语可由不定式短语(省略to)或现在分词充当。 3.“Nothing could be better.” He thought.他想：“再也没有比这更好吃的了。” 句型 否定词比较级表达最高级 典例体验 You couldnt have chosen a more satisfying present for me. 你无法给我选到比这个更令人满意的礼物了。 We couldnt find a more valuable stamp than this one in the world.在这个世界上我们无法找到比这张更值钱的邮票了。表示最高级意义的几种特殊结构：(1)never+比较级I have never heard such a better voice. 我从没听过这么好听的声音。(2)nothing (或no)+so+原级+as.No one is so deaf as those who wont listen.最聋者莫过于不听劝说的人。Nothing in my life shocked me so deeply as this first visit to China.在我的一生中给我震撼最大的是第一次到中国参观。nothing (或no)+比较级+than. any other+单数名词 all (the) other+复数名词(3)比较级+than+ anyone else any of the other+复数名词 the rest of+复数名词或不可数名词It was not until then that I suddenly realized nobody was happier than I was.直到那时我才突然意识到没有人比我更幸福的了。Nothing in my life shook me so deeply as the first visit to China.在我的一生中给我震撼最大的是第一次到中国参观。You can never be too careful.你再怎么小心也不过分。根据汉语意思完成英语句子。 (1)再也没有这么好的结果了。 We _(can) have got _(good) results. (2)我们完全赞同。 We cant agree _(much) (3)再也没有什么比你保持健康更珍贵了。 Nothing is _(precious) than you keep fit.couldnt better moremore precious(2011高考四川卷)How was your recent trip to Sichuan?Ive never had _ one before.Aa pleasant Ba more pleasant Ca most pleasant Dthe most pleasant解析：选B。句意为：你最近去四川的旅行怎么样？这是我所有旅行中最愉快的一次。考查形容词的比较级。“否定形式比较级”等同于最高级。根据语境可知此处用比较级与句中的never结合表示最高级。(2012北京海淀区模拟)Our women athletes achieved great success in the Vancouver Winter Olympic Games.Yes.No one could perform_,I think.Awell Bbetter Cbest Dthe best解析：选B。答句句意为：我们的女运动员在温哥华冬奥会上取得了巨大的成就。是的。我想，没人比她们表现得更精彩了。此处用“否定形式比较级”表达“没人比更，最”之意。提示：can not(never)/could not(never)与enough/too连用也表示最高级含义，意为“再也不过分”。如：You can never be too careful.你再怎么小心也不过分。You can not praise the play too highly.这出戏你无论怎样称赞都不过分。4.Tired of all that fat? Want to be lose weight?be/get tired of 厌烦；讨厌 拓展 (1)tired/tiring的用法区别： tired意思为“疲惫的，累的”，用于描述人，通常用be tired，look tired等结构；tiring意思为“令人厌倦的，使人疲劳的”，指某事或者某人使人厌倦，情感上不再予以理睬而回避。例如：This is a tiring marriage.这是一个令人厌烦的婚姻。 拓展 (2)be tired from 因而疲倦 be tired out 筋疲力尽完成句子(1)我们等他打电话来都等腻了。We to call.(2)她厌倦了每天都要进那间办公室。Shes every day.were tired of waiting for himgetting tired of going into that officelose weight 体重减轻；减肥这么短的一个月你怎么减肥的？How did you in so short a month?联想 put on weight 体重增加 watch ones weight 注意饮食以免发胖5.Curiosity drove Wang Feng inside.王鹏受到好奇心的驱使，走了进去。 curiosity n. 好奇心；求知欲 搭配 have a curiosity about sth./to do sth. 对有好奇心 out of curiosity 出于好奇 satisfy ones curiosity 满足好奇心 It was curious that(奇怪的是) she didnt tell anyone.她没有告诉任何人，这很反常。 派生 curious adj.求知欲强的；好奇的 curiously adv.好奇地完成句子(1)儿童对周围的世界有天生的好奇心。Children the world around them.(2)出于好奇，请问你有多大？Just _，how old are you?(3)我有种好奇心，想知道下一步要发生什么事情。I what would happen next.(4)他们对住在楼上的人感到很好奇。They _ very the people living upstairs.(5)“你真是位画家吗？”他好奇地问道。“Are you really an artist？” he asked _.have a natural curiosity about out of curiosity have a curiosity to know were curious about curiously6.Wang Pengwei was amazed at this and especially at the prices.amaze v.(1)To fill with great surprise,cause wonder in 吃惊，使吃惊e.g. It amazed me to hear that you were leaving.(2)be amazed at. 对感到惊讶，惊愕e.g. You would be amazed at how difficult it was.7. He could not have Yong Hui getting away with telling people lies！他可不能让雍慧哄骗人们却不受惩罚！ have sb./sth. doing sth. 让某事发生,强调doing这一动作持续进行或“使某人或某物处于某种状态”。 If you dont put a fence around your garden，youll have people walking in and stealing your fruit.如果你不用篱笆围住果园，会有人进来偷摘你的水果。 (1)have sb. doing也可以表示“允许或容忍某人干某事/某事发生”。此时应该用在否定句中，并且只限于第一人称(I/we)。 “I/We wont/cant have sb. doing”相当于“I/We wont/cant allow sb. to do”。例如： I wont have you doing such a thing.我不许你做这种事。(2)have sb. do sth.“使某人做某事” ,强调一次具体的动作。此处不定式作宾语补足语省略了to。例如：No one can have Tom do this.没人能使汤姆做这件事。(3)have sth. done包含两层意思，一种是请别人做某事，另一种为承担外界或别人做某事的后果。例如：Youd better have your hair cut，for its too long for a boy.你最好去理发，对男孩子来说，这头发太长。I had my wallet stolen on the bus.我的钱包在公交车上被盗了。(4)have sth.to do中to do为不定式短语作后置定语。完成句子仿写：(1)我要用三天的时间教会你开车。Ill _ in three days.(2)我鼓励他们大家用英语交流。I _ in English to each other.have you driving have them all talking get away with. 不因受惩罚；受到 完成句子 (1)我不能让你考试作弊而不受惩罚。 I wont have you _cheating in the exam. (2)他犯了如此严重的错误，侥幸只交了罚款了事。 He was so lucky to _ a fine for such a serious mistake.getting away withget away with联想get across解释清楚；使人了解 get on/along with进展；与相处 get around/round 各处走动；(消息)传开 get down to开始；着手 get sb.down使沮丧；使悲伤 get over 克服；熬过；恢复 get in 收集，使进入 get through 接通电话；完成get rid of 摆脱；除掉get away(from). (从)脱离，逃脱For the serious accident，he got away with only a fine.那么严重的事故，他交了罚款就完事了。The child ought to be punished.You shouldnt let him get away with telling lies!这孩子应该受到惩罚，对他撒谎这事你不应就这么算了！(湖北高考)If we can get over our present difficulties，then everything should be all right.如果我们克服了目前的困难，那么一切都应该会好起来。(重庆高考)Isnt it time you got down to marking the papers?你是不是该开始批改试卷了。Every now and then I like to spend a few days in the country to get_away_(from) the noise and pollution of London.我间或喜欢在乡下住几天以避开伦敦的喧闹和污染。tell a lie 说谎 a white lie 善意的谎言 (1)我总能知道他什么时候在说谎。 I always know when he is . (2)他为自己的迟到向老板撒了一个谎。 He _ his boss _ for being late. 拓展lie n谎言v撒谎 lie to peopletell people lies 向某人撒谎 tell the truth 说实话 (3)他向妻子撒了个谎，这样他可以晚点回来。 He _ his wife(told his wife a lie/told a lie to his wife) so that he could come home late.telling lies told a lielied tolie lied lied lying 说谎lie lay lain lying 躺，处于（某一位置）lay laid laid laying 放置，下蛋，产卵lie in 在于(牛津P1165)You could see from his face that he was lying.从他的表情上你可以看出他在撒谎。He didnt finish his homework last night so he told a lie.他昨天晚上没有完成作业，所以他说了谎。The survivors lay on the beach，exhausted and shocked.幸存者们躺在沙滩上，疲劳不堪又深感震惊。She told me that happiness lies in helping others to be happy.她告诉我快乐的真谛在于帮助他人变得快乐。The suspect _ to the police that the hammer still _ where he had _ it.Alay; lay; lain Blay; lied; laidClied; lay; laid Dlied; laid; lain析：句意：嫌疑犯向警察撒谎说那把铁锤仍然在他原来放的地方。第一空意思是“撒谎”(lie)，其过去式为lied，lie to sb.意思是“向某人撒谎”；第二空意思是“位于，在(lie)”，其过去式为lay；第三空意思是“放置(lay)”，其过去分词为laid。答案：C8.Perhaps with a discount and a new sign he could win his customers back.win.back意为：赢回；重新获得win sb.s heart赢得某人的爱情 win a gold medal获得金牌win sb. round/around/over说服某人；把某人争取过来win out (=win through)(经历困难后)终于成功即学即用(1)中国人民一定会赢得抗震这场战争。 The people of China will _ the earthquake.(2)我怎么才能重新赢得她的信任？ How can I _? win the battle againstwin back her trust9.The strength of the diet in Wang Pengs restaurant was that it provided plenty of energy giving food.王鹏餐馆的饮食优点在于它能提供含有足够热量的食物。strengthn. U力量，体力 C长处，强项build up ones strength增强实力strengthen v.增强，加强(天津高考)When we think of leadership，we often think of strength and power.一想到领导才能，我们通常会想到实力和权力。(2009年高考浙江卷)Each of us has our own strengths and weaknesses.我们每个人都有自己的强项和弱项。The ability to keep calm is one of her many strengths.能够保持冷静是她的多项长处之一。Our friendship has steadily strengthened over the years.我们的友谊逐年加深。Part 3. Learning about Language1. consult vt.咨询；请教；vi.商量consultant n顾问，咨询者consult sb.向某人请教consult a doctor看医生consult a dictionary/map查字典/地图consult with sb. about/on sth.就与某人交换意见(1)He his partners the investment.他与合伙人商量那项投资。(2)She consulted her doctor about her disease.她向她的医师求诊。consulted with aboutPart 4. Using LanguagePerhaps he would be able to earn his living after all and not have to close his restaurant.earn ones living 谋生(earn ones/a livingmake ones/a living) (1)我主要以教书谋生。 I mainly by/from teaching. (2)他以修车谋生。 He by repairing cars. 联想 earn moneymake money 赚钱 earn ones praise 受到某人的表扬earned my living earns a living 2.He did not look forward to being in debt because his restaurant was no longer popular.in debt 负债，欠债 (1)在旧社会，许多农民负债累累。In the old days，many peasants are _.in heavy debt 提示 如果表示欠某人的债，后面加介词to。be in debt to sb. 欠某人的债。 联想 be in ones debt 欠某人的情 be out of debt 还清债务(表状态) pay off debt 还清债务(表动作) get into debt(2)他现在有足够的钱来还清父亲尚未还清的债务。He has enough money to _ his fathers outstanding debts.(3)玛丽陷入债务中。Mary was _ debt.(4)你知道，我欠我父母的太多了。You know，I am _.pay off getting into in my parents debt3.She did not look happy but _ glare _ at him. glare vi. 瞪眼，怒目而视，常与介词at连用； n. 怒视；强烈刺目的光。即学即用 (1)这位老人只是站在那里对那个扒手怒目而视。 The old man just stood there the pickpocket.(2)太阳的耀眼光芒从蓝天中散射开来。 The sun _ the blue sky. glaring atglares out of辨析 glare at/stare at/glance at 三者都有“凝视”的意思，但是用法不一样。 glare at指“怒视”，表示生气地盯着某人。 stare at表示“盯着看”，指由于惊奇、害怕、生气或沉思而睁大眼睛全神贯注。glance at指“快速地看某人或某物一眼”，强调动作。4.I dont want to upset you,but I found your menu so limited that I stopped worrying and started advertising the benefits of my food.我不想让你心烦,不过我发现你菜谱上的菜太少了,所以我也就不担心了，我也开始宣传我的食物的好处。 so.that.意为：如此以致于,在此引导结果状语从句，so是副词,后跟形容词或副词，在这个从句中一般不用情态动词。 limit n.界限；限度；vt.限定；限制。(1)go beyond/over the limit超过限度within limits在一定范围内；有限度的within the limits of在的范围内They did well within the limits of their knowledge.由于知识所限，他们已经做得很好了。without limit无限(制)地set a limit to sth.对规定限度be limited to sth.受限制于某物I believe teaching should not be limited to the classroom.我认为教学不应该局限在教室内。(2)limit sth.to.把限定在的范围内 即学即用(1)我们能忍受的疼痛是有限的。 There is _ the amount of pain we can bear.(2)我们要为这次旅行的花费设个界限。 We must _ the expense of the trip.(3)她的旅行仅限于一些法国的旅游胜地。Her traveling has been _ a few French resorts.(4)我为了减肥，限定自己每天摄入1000卡的热量。Ive _ myself _ 1,000 calories a day to try to lose weight.a limit to set a limit to limited to limited to benefit vt. 使受益；得益n利益；益处(1)A university education is of huge and direct benefit to the individual. (2010北京，阅读理解D)大学教育对于个人有巨大且直接的好处。(2)It is an expensive investment but it will benefit the company in the long run.这是一项花费很大的投资，但从长远来看，它将对公司有好处。搭配 benefit from.从中获益 完成句子 (1)他将从这种新的经营方式中受益。 He will the new way of doing business. (2)从学习外语中我得到很多益处。 I got a lot of learning a foreign language. (3)每天做些适量运动对健康很有好处。Plenty of exercise every day is our health.(4)她为了健康而去了那里。She went there her health.benefit from benefit from 识记of benefit to对有益处for the benefit of.为了的利益of great benefit to =be beneficial to sb.对某人有益处unemployment benefits 失业救济金联想 do good to.对有好处to ones advantage对某人有好处to ones interest对某人有益in the interest of为了的利益to ones profit对有好处in ones favor对有利for the sake of为了，为了的利益5.“Well,I do have to rest a lot,” admitted Yong Hui.“是的，我的确经常需要休息，”雍慧承认道。 do在此用来加强语气，意为“的确”。在谓语动词(变成动词原形)前，根据人称和时态,加上do,does或did进行强调,用来加强语气。表示“确实，的确；非常”。 6.“According to my research,neither your restaurant nor mine offers a balanced diet,”explained Wang Peng.“根据我的研究,你我两家的餐馆都不能提供均衡的膳食，”王鹏解释道。 neither.nor. 意为：既不也不，为并列连词，其反义词组为both.and.7. Perhaps we ought to combine our ideas and provide a balanced menu with food full of energy and bine vt. & vi.(使)结合；(使)联合combine against为反对而联合combine.with.将与结合在一起combination n.联合；化合in combination联合起来；在联合中 combine to do 联合做某事 根据汉语意思，完成下列句子。 (1)钢是由铁加碳炼制而成的。 Steel is produced by iron _ carbon. (2)那两个党联合起来打败了政府。 The two parties defeat the bining with combined to 易混辨异combine,unite,connect,join,link这几个词都有“结合”的意思。 (1)combine和unite强调在混合或结合产生一个新产品的过程中每个个体的特性消失了。combine更强调新出现的东西，unite则突出新东西的单一性。(2)connect暗示一种松散的附合,尤指保留构成要素的特性和保留这种连结迹象的附合。(3)join着重表示形体上或思想上联系或连接的意思,或表示两个或两个以上物体怎样构成一连续的东西。(4)link表示形体方面的意思时，暗示了新产品保留了原来个性的特征，又互相不可分割。 即学即用(1)工人们联合起来反对工头。 The workers _ the boss.(2)有些电影把教育与娱乐结合了起来。 Some films _ education _ bined againstcombine with8.In this way they cut down the fat and increased the fibre in the meal.cut down 削减；删节 (1)你抽烟太凶了，该少抽点。 You smoke too muchyou should try to _. (2)文章太长了，需要压缩一下。 The article is too longit needs a little.cut down cutting down 联想cut in 插嘴 cut across走捷径，抄近路cut off 切断；中断；隔绝 cut up 切碎；割碎 cut down 砍断 cut out 戒掉；改掉9.Their balanced diets became such a s