人教版高中英语选修六知识点总结.doc

选修六知识点总结Unit 1I词汇及结构1. would rather do sth情愿做.would rather sb did sth情愿sb做 情愿做.而不愿意做： would rather do sth than do sth= would do sth rather than do sth= prefer to do sth rather than do sth= prefer doing sth to doing sthI would rather you hadnt told me about it yesterday.我宁愿你昨天没有告诉我关于它。2.faith n. 信任,信仰 be faithful to sb 忠实于某人keep faith with 忠于信仰; 守信have faith in 相信, 信任 3.As there are so many different styles of Western art , it would be impossible to describe all of them in such a short textso+adj+a(an)+(单数可数) (+that)so many/few +n (复数) (+ that)so much/little (不可数) (+that)such+adj.+n.(不可数)/ n (复数) eg.1) The book is _interesting that I want to read it again. 2) It was _a cold day that the ice in the river was nearly two feet thick. 3) It was _cold a day that the ice in the river was nearly two feet thick. 4) There are _many mistakes in your composition that I cant understand it. 5) He has made _rapid progress that he got the first in the exam. 6) _that Maric was able to set up new branches elsewhere.（07陕西）A. So successful her business wasB. So successful was her businessC. So her business was successfulD. So was her successful business4.consequently adv. 所以，因此consequent adj. 作为结果的,随之发生的as a consequence/result = in consequence = soas a consequence/result of = because of5 .aim without aim 无目的的/ 无目标的（take）aim at 瞄准，对准sb/ sths aim is to do 的目标是.aim at doing = aim to do 瞄准, 力求做到,力争达到6.typical adj.典型的；具有代表性的；后接 of7. evident明白的, 明显的(apparent) be evident to sb. 对某人来说很明显 be evident in sth 在某方面很明显8. adopt 采用，收养 adapt 改编，使适应9. possess 用作动词时，不能用于进行时。be possessed of sth 具有、拥有be possessed by 由支配、控制in possession of sth (表主动）占有in the possession of sb （表被动） 被某人占有10.a great/ good deal 大量; 大量 后可接形容词比较级 a great/ good deal of 后接不可数名词1）修饰可数名词：many a few a good/great many A great many buildings have been built along the street.a large/ big/ great/ / small number ofMany a +单数名词More than one +单数名词2）修饰不可数名词：much a good/great deal ofa large amount of (谓语动词用单数)large amounts of (谓语动词用复数)3）修饰可数和不可数名词a lot of/lots of plenty ofa large quantity of (谓语动词用单数)large quantities of (谓语动词用复数)练习：1._ the students in our school go to college in their teens. A good many B. A great many ofC. A great deal of D. A lot of2. He is _ better now. Dont worry about him.A.more B. a great deal ofC. a number of D.a great deal 11.attempt 尝试，企图，努力attempt doing反复尝试做attempt to do企图做attempt to do/doing = try to do/doingmake an attempt to do sth/ at doing sthat ones attempt 在sb尝试下12.on (the ) one handon the other hand一方面另一方面13.be specific to 特有的，独特的14.in the flesh活生生，本人，亲自15.preference - preferby preference.首先, 最好 in preference to 优先于have a preference for偏爱16.appeal to 有吸引力，使感兴趣appeal to sb for sth. 呼吁,恳求17.reputation n. 名誉,名声live up to ones reputation 不负盛名lose ones reputation 失去盛名；win a high reputation 赢得很高的声誉句型：1.序数词the first/the second/the last( sb.) to do是一种常见结构，表示“最早、第二、最后做某事的人”，其中的不定式作后置定语；如果主语和不定式之间有被动关系，不定式应使用被动结构to be done。My monitor is always the first to come to school and the last to leave.我的班长总是第一个到校、最后一个离开。To tell the truth, he was the last person to be met with by the manager.说实话，他是最后一个被经理接见的人。She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.她是在奥运会上第一个获得金牌的女选手。2.It is amazing/surprising/astonishing/shocking that.是一种常见句型，表示“令人吃惊、震惊、惊讶等”，其中it是形式主语，that引导名词性从句作句子的真正主语。这种句型可以用to ones amazement/surprise/astonishment/shock 这些短语作状语来改写。It is surprising that children who are seven years old dont know how to brush ones teeth.令人吃惊的是，七岁的孩子还不知道怎么刷牙To our shock, the terrorist explosion caused over one hundred deaths.令我们震惊的是，这次恐怖爆炸造成了一百多人死亡。 语法：虚拟语气1.虚拟语气用于条件句、其它句型中与现在事实相反时从句用过去时(did/were)，主句用would/should/could/might动词原形How nice it _ if I _ a sister like you!Awas; had Bwould be; had had Cwould have been; had Dwould be; had【解析】题干表达与现在事实相反的内容，根据规则选D项2. 与过去事实相反时从句用过去完成时(had done)，主句用would/should/could/might have doneWere you in time for the lecture?If I _ told earlier, I would have.Ahad been Bwas Cwere to be Dshould be选A。 由问句看出与过去事实相反，因而从句中使用过去完成时。3. 与将来事实相反时，从句中可用三种形式，即动词的过去式/should动词原形/were to动词原形。This printer is of good quality. If it _ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense. Awould Bshould Ccould Dmight分析：后一句实际上使用了与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，从句中使用should表示“假如；万一” _ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.AWould you be BShould you be CCould you be DMight you be【解析】前一分句实际上使用的是虚拟语气，与将来事实相反从句中使用If you should be fired，可以省略if而把should提前到主语之前。4. 虚拟语气用于错综时间条件句：条件句和主句的动作发生的时间不一致，主句和从句的谓语要根据各自不同的时间选择适当的动词形式。5. 虚拟语气用于含蓄条件句：句中没有条件从句，其内容暗含在短语或上下文中。But for the help of my English teacher, I_the first prize in the English Writing Competition. Awould not win Bwould not have won Cwould win Dwould have wonbut for(要不是)引导的短语在句中作状语时，句子的谓语部分常用虚拟语气；此处表示与过去事实相反，因而使用“would6. wish后的宾语从句中：与现在事实相反时用were或动词的一般过去时；与过去事实相反时用had过去分词；与将来事实相反时用would/could/might动词原形。 How I wish every family _ a large house with a beautiful garden! Ahas Bhad Cwill have Dhad had7. 在suggest，order，insist，demand，require，desire，command，request，recommend等表示建议、命令、要求、愿望的词后面的宾语从句中；在与suggestion，order，request，advice，demand等有关的表语从句、同位语从句中；以及在It be suggested/ordered/requested/ insisted /desired/required that.句型中用“(should)动词原形”。The doctor recommended that you _ swim after eating a large meal. Awouldnt Bcouldnt Cneednt Dshouldnt recommend 表示“建议”时，其后的宾语从句中的谓语用“should 动词原形”，should可省略。. His suggestion is that the harvest _ in before the rainy season comes.Aget Bshould get Cbe got Dwill be gotsuggestion 之后的that从句是表语从句，其中谓语用“should动词原形”，should省略。8. 在Its (high) time that.句型中，谓语动词用过去时或should动词原形(should不能省略)，表示“早就该”Its no use envying others their success. Its time that you _ hard.Amust work Bwere to work Cwork DworkedIts time that.句型中使用动词的一般过去时9. as if/as though(好像，似乎)之后的方式状语从句中；if only句型表示“要是多好啊”中，与现在事实相反时动词用一般过去时；与过去事实相反时用had过去分词；与将来事实相反时用should/would/could/might动词原形。When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. Abreaks Bhas broken Cwere broken Dhad been brokenUnit 2词汇和结构：1.convey v. 传达；运送convey .to. 把运到convey .to sb. 向某人传达/表达(思想、感情等)convey ones feelings 表达感情2 transform v. 转化；转换；改造；变换transform.into 把某人/物改变成transform .from 从中转变、转化3. appropriate adj. 适当的；正当的be appropriate to/for. 对适合；适宜It is appropriate/proper that. (should) do. 是合适的be suitable for/to. 适合的；适宜的be fit for. 适合；胜任注意appropriate指适合于特殊的人及场合、地位等；suitable指适合某种情况或安排；fit指大小适合或胜任某职位；appropriate 等于very proper。4. exchange n/v. 交换；交流；调换；兑换exchange sth. for sth. 拿交换exchange sth. with sb. 与某人交换某物in exchange for. 交换；调换5sponsor n. 赞助人；主办者；倡议者 v. 发起；举办；倡议；赞助6. take it/things easy 轻松；不紧张；从容take ones time 别着急，慢慢来take sb./sth. seriously 认真对待某人/事take.for granted 对想当然，认为理所当然7. run out of 用完，用尽 （人作主语，不用于被动）run out 被用完，耗尽 （物作主语）give out(物)用完，耗尽；(人)筋疲力尽； use up 用完；用光 ,（可以用于被动）8. be made up of 由构成，组成make up 组成；编造；化妆make up for 弥补9. try out 测试；试验let out 发出；放走；泄露；加宽；加大衣服句型1. This is why. 这就是的原因。(强调结果)This is because. 这是因为。(强调原因)The reason why.is/was that.(的原因是)一般用that引导表语从句，而不用because。单项填空(1)He didnt go by bike with me. Thats _ there was something wrong with his bike.Abecause Bwhy Chow Dwhen A2. with 的 复合结构 (见全程设计P22)语法：it用法与强调句1. 用作形式主语，代替由不定式、动名词或各种从句所表示的真正主语。_ worries me the way he keeps changing his mind.AThis BThat CWhat DIt 【解析】it 代替后面的名词短语the way.作形式主语。2.作形式宾语，代指不定式、动名词或从句所表示的真正宾语He didnt make _ clear when and where the meeting would be held.Athis Bthat Cit Dthese 【解析】it代替后面的when and where从句作形式宾语。The chairman thought _ necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.Athat Bit Cthis Dhim 【解析】it代替后面的不定式作形式宾语。3. 表示“喜欢、恨”等心理方面的动词，后面接it，然后再跟从句，it代指从句所表达的内容。此类动词有hate，dislike，enjoy，appreciate等。Id appreciate _ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.Athat Bit Cthis Dyou 【解析】it代指后面的if从句所表达的内容。4. it用来指代上文提到的事物、情况等Being a parent is not always easy, and being the parent of a child with special needs often carries with _ extra stress. Ait Bthem Cone Dhim【解析】it代指being the parent of a child with special needs这一意义。5.强调句的基本句型：It is /was 被强调部分that从句。被强调部分是人时可用who/whom代替that，强调时间、地点、原因状语时，通常只使用that，而不使用when，where，why。被强调的部分一般是主语、宾语、各种状语。It was along the Mississippi River_ Mark Twain spent much of his childhood. Ahow Bwhich Cthat Dwhere【解析】分析句子结构看出，题干使用的是强调句型，因而使用连词that。 6. 强调句的复杂结构形式： 强调句用于not.until结构：It is/was not until.that 其他部分。强调句用于一般疑问句：Is/Was被强调部分that其他部分。强调句用于特殊疑问句：被强调的通常是疑问代词或疑问副词，其强调结构是：疑问词(被强调部分)is/was it that其他部分？It was not until midnight _ they reached the camp site.Athat Bwhen Cwhile Das【解析】句中强调了时间状语not until，连词使用that。7. 判断是否是强调句是，可把 It is / was that 去掉，剩余部分在不增减任何词的情况下还是一个完整的句子，那么这种句子是强调句。It was in the street that I met her father. In the street I met her father. It was because she was ill that they didnt ask her to do the job.Because she was ill, they didnt ask her to do the job.Unit 3词汇：1.abuse n/v. 滥用；虐待drug abuse 吸毒be badly abused 被虐待abuse of power 滥用权力2. stress n. 压力；重音 v. 加压力于；使紧张lay/put/place stress on 把重点放在上；强调under the stress of 为所迫stress the importance of 强调的重要性 单项填空Things can easily go wrong when people are under _.Astress Bweight Cload Dstrength3. ban v. 禁止；取缔 n. 禁令be banned from doing sth. 被禁止做某事there be a ban on. 禁止；禁令4. quit v. 停止(做某事)；离开quit doing sth. 停止做某事quit office/ones job 离职quit oneself of sth.be quit of sth. 摆脱某事 单项填空He decided to _ the position after quarreling with the manager. Astop Bblock Cloosen Dquit5. effect n. 结果；效力have a good/bad effect on 对有好/坏的影响be of no effect 没效果；无用take effect(法律)生效；(药)奏效bring/put .into effect 实施come/go into effect 生效in effect 事实上；在实施；生效side effect 副作用6. desperate adj. 不顾一切的；绝望的be desperate for 极需要；极向往be desperate to do sth. 非常想做某事do sth. desperately 拼命地做某事in desperation 绝望地；不顾一切地；拼命地7. disappointed adj. 失望的；沮丧的be disappointed about/at/in. 对感到失望be disappointed to do 做某事失望be disappointed that. 感到失望be disappointing 令人失望的disappoint sb. 使某人失望to ones disappointment 令人失望的是8 ashamed adj. 感到惭愧；羞耻的be ashamed that. 对感到羞耻；感到羞愧的是feel/be ashamed of 对感到惭愧feel/be ashamed for sb. 替某人感到羞愧be ashamed to do sth. 耻于做某事be ashamed of oneself 为自己感到惭愧Its a shame that. 遗憾What a shame that. 多么遗憾9.due to由于 (不置于句首)be due to do sth. 预期做某事be due for sth. 应有；得到be due to (doing) sth./ sb. 归因于(做)某事/某人 10. be/become addicted to 对有瘾。 后接doingaddict oneself to 沉迷于；醉心于addiction to. 对上瘾；习惯于a video game addict 游戏迷11. be/get/become accustomed to 习惯于accustom sb./ oneself to (doing) sth. 使某人/自己习惯于(做)某事be/get/become used to (doing) sth. 习惯于(做)某事12. feel like (doing) 想要(做)；感觉自己像 would like to do 想要做13. in spite of 不顾；不管despitein spite of 尽管(后接名词、代词)regardless of. 不管，不顾注意despite 和in spite of 是介词；而although和 though是连词，引导从句。_ C _， she came to school to attend the important lecture.AThough being ill BAlthough illness CIn spite of illness DDespite he was ill 14.take/run a risk/ risks 冒险at risk处境危险；遭受危险at the risk of 冒的危险at ones own risk 自担风险at all risks 无论冒什么危险run/take the risk of 冒的危险risk doing sth. 冒险做某事15. get into 陷入；染上(习惯)；开始对感兴趣get into trouble 陷入困境get into the habit of 染上的习惯get into panic 陷入恐慌get along/on with 进展；相处get over 克服get through 接通；完成get in 收割；募集(捐款)句型：1. Do not be disappointed if you have to try several times before you finally stop smoking.即使你非得经过多次戒烟才能最后把它戒掉，你也不要失望。(P19)before引导时间状语，除了表示“在之前”以外，还可以表示“(之后)才；(不多久)就；不等就”。多用于下列句型中：It will take/takes/took sb.some time before 花费时间才 It is/was long before. 过了时间才It wont be long before. 不久就It will be long before. 过多久才Unit 4词汇：1. phenomenon n. pl phenomena 现象2. glance at = take a glance at 匆匆一看；扫视 stare at 盯着看；凝视 glare at 瞪着眼看；怒目而视；怒视3. decrease vt.&vi. decrease/reduceto/by减小，降低到（了）；反义increase4. exist vi. 存在 existence n.存在 生存 came into existence产生5. supply sb. with sth. = supply sth. for/to sb.提供/供应某物给某人 provide sb. with sth. = provide sth. for sb. offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb.6. compareto把比作 comparewith把和比较7. come about发生come across偶然遇到come out出版，（花）开8. build up 树立，逐步建立；增加；增进（健康）；集结9. on the whole = in the main =in the abstract大体上，基本上，总的来说 as a whole总体上，作为一个整体看待10. make a difference有关系，有影响，有重要性 make some/no/any/not much/a great deal of difference（to）颇有/没有/有些/没有多大/有很大影响（关系）11. make sense (of)有道理；有意义；讲得通；明白；是明智的12. put up with = stand = bear = stand for忍受， 容忍13. so long as = as long as 只要；既然,由于14.There is no doubt that . 毫无疑问.beyond / without doubt无疑地 doubt的宾语从句,肯定句用whether / if ；否定句用 that 15. quantitya large quantity of/large quantities of;大量的，许多的 in quantity;成批地，大量地 a large quantity of/large quantities of之后接可数或不可数名词。注意:a large quantity of作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。large quantities of作主语，谓语动词都用复数Unit 51. appoint v. 任命；委派；约定；指定appoint sb. to be/as. 任命/指派某人成为be appointed as/ to be. 被任命/指派为appoint sb. to do sth. 委派某人做某事by appointment 按照约定make an appointment (with) 与约会2.match，fit，suitmatch用作及物或不及物动词，表品质、颜色、设计等方面匹配，即表示“与相配，和一致”；fit既可用作及物动词也可用作不及物动词，多指衣物等尺寸大小“合适，合身”；suit表示“适合”，强调衣服的颜色、式样、质地等适合某人，也指“合乎需要、口味、性格、条件和地位”等。Your tie matches your suit well.你的领带非常适合你的套装。The afterschool programme suits the needs of most of the children.课外活动适合绝大多数孩子的需要。Not every shoe fits every foot.并非每只鞋都合脚。3.unconscious adj. 失去知觉的；未察觉的be unconscious of 未觉察到；未意识到fall/become unconscious 失去意识；不省人事become conscious 清醒过来be conscious of 意识到be conscious that. 意识到；觉察到4. anxious adj. 忧虑的；不安的be anxious about 担心；焦虑be anxious to do sth. 急切干某事；渴望做某事be anxious for 盼望；渴望anxiety about/over 对的担心anxiety for对的担心anxiety to do sth. 渴望干某事的急切心情；做的渴望5. panic v/n. 惊慌；恐慌get into a panic 惊慌失措be in a panic 处于恐慌，惊恐中in panic 惊慌地panic sb. in