人教版高中英语必修一Unit3知识点详解.doc

精品文档 Part 1. Warming up1、Which kind of transport do you prefer to use: bus or train? prefer 宁愿；更喜欢 用法： (1) prefer + n. / pron. The boy preferred a detective story. (2) prefer + v. -ing Do you prefer living abroad? (3) prefer + to do She prefers to live among the working people. (4) prefer sb. to do sth. She preferred him to stay at home. (5) prefer + n. / pron. / doing + to + n. / pron. / doing 喜欢而不喜欢 I prefer the town to the country. While he was in the office he preferred doing something to doing nothing. (6) prefer to do.rather than do = would rather do . than do. 宁愿而不愿 I prefer to walk there rather than go by bus. (7) prefer + 从句(谓语动词用should do，should可省略) She preferred that he should do it in the kitchen. 2. Imagine that you plan to spend a holiday. imagine的用法构词： imagination n. C / U 想像，想像力，想像的事物 imaginative adj. 富有想像力的搭配： imagine sth / doing sth You can imagine the situation there. I cant imagin (my) marrying a girl of that sort.【考例】 I can hardly imagine Peter _across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. A. sail B. to sail C. sailing D. to have sailed答案与解析 C imagine后接动词的-ing形式，本句的Peter是这个动名词的逻辑主语。Part 2. Pre-reading, reading and comprehending 1. Ever since middle school, my sister Wang Wei and I have dreamed about taking a great bike trip. 从高中起，我姐姐王维和我就一直梦想做一次伟大的自行车旅行。 (1)ever sinde从那以后It is/has been+一段时间+since+一般过去时(从句中的动作不能延续)自从至今已经多久了。eg: Its five years since I left there. 我离开那里有五年了。注意：在“Its +一段时间+since从句”，如果since 从句的谓语动词是延续性动词，那么，它所表示的时间是从那个动作结束时起算，意为“不做。多久了”。eg: Its five years since he smoked. 他戒烟五年了。(2) dream about/of 梦见，梦想2、Then she persuade me to buy one. (1)、说服; 劝服; sb 说服某人 persuade sb. (not) to do sth. sb. into / out of doing sth.eg：I persuaded him to do it. =I persuaded him into doing it. （2）、使相信，使信服persuade sb of sth 使某人信服某事persuade sb that 使某人相信eg：He has persuaded me of its truth.I am persuaded that such is the fact.persuasive adj. 有说服力的 persuasion n. 说服，信服【注意】如果“劝说”不服, 不能直接用persuade, 而应用try to persuade sb to do或advise sb to do.1. I _ him not to smoke, but he didnt think it necessary. A.persuaded B. advised C. hoped D. suggested2. I was able at last to _ my mother to follow my advice. A.suggest B. advise C. persuade D. leave off3. While shopping, people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really need.A.to persuade B. persuading C. being persuade D. be persuaded 3. Wang Wei soon got them interested in cycling too. (复习get用法，详见Unit1知识点详解） 4. It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the entire Mekong River from where it begins to where it ends. 首先想到沿湄公河从源头到终点骑车旅游的是我的姐姐。（复习强调句，详见Unit1知识点详解）5、Although she didnt know the best way of getting get to places, she insisted that she organize the trip properly. (1)、although, though引导让步状语从句不能再和but, and, however连用, 但可以和副词yet, still连用。although从句多放在句首, though从句可在主句前，中，后任何位置，而且though可以作副词用于句末，作 “但是，不过”讲，而although无此用法。 Although/Though it was raining, (yet) they still worked in the fields. He said he would come; he didnt come though.【随堂练习】 _ he has limited technical knowledge, the old worker has a lot of experience. A. Since B. Unless C. As D. Although （2）、insist v.坚持认为，坚持主张 on/upon (ones) doing sth 坚持做,坚决做that +从句“坚持一种说法、看法或事实”, 后接的从句用陈述语气,按insist 需要选择时态 that sb (should) do sth 坚决主张做某事, 后接的宾语从句常用虚拟语气, 即 “should +v.” eg：I insisted on/upon his coming with us.He insisted that he hadnt stolen the girls handbag.Mary was ill. Her parents insisted that she (should) see a doctor.【随堂练习】The doctor insisted that I a high fever and that I a rest for a few days. A. had; had B. have; have C. had; have D. have; had The man insisted a taxi for me even if/though I told him I lived nearby.A. find B. to find C. on finding D. in finding I insisted that a doctor _ immediately. A has been sent for B. sent for C. will be sent for D. be sent for The doctor insisted that I a high fever and that I a rest for a few days. A.had;hadB.have;have C.had;haveD.have;had The man insisted a taxi for me even if/though I told him I lived nearby. A.findB.to find C.on findingD.in finding6、 My sister doesnt care about details. care vi.关心；介意 n.关心；照顾 care about (to be worried about/concerned with)忧虑；担心；惦念 care for(=like，love)喜欢; 照料；照顾（=take care of=look after) take care 小心；提防派生：careful adj.细心的 carefully adv.细心地 carefulness n.细心 carelessly adv. 粗心地 carelessness n.粗心 careless adj.粗心的 The only thing he cares _ is money. I dont really care _ red wine. Who will take care _ your baby if you are out? Many accidents are caused by _ (care) driving. They studied the question _ (care) before they made the decision.7、She gave me a determined look the kind that she wouldnt change her mind.（1）、determine v. 决定, 下定决心, 确定 determine to do sth. =make up ones mind to do sth. 下定决心eg：He determined to learn French. be determined to do sth. 决心做eg：She was determined to go to university. （2）、change ones mind 改变某人的主意eg：No matter what you say, I wont change my mind.determination n. 决心，毅力 determined adj. 坚毅的，下决心的 8. When I told her that our journey would begin at an altitude of more than 5000 meters, she seemed to be excited about it. 当我告诉她我们将在海拔5000米处开始旅程, 她好像对此很兴奋。本句中的seem后面跟了不定式结构，意 为“ 看起来好像 ”。(1)seem常常和不定式，形容词，分词，名词和介词短语搭配。如:1)seem+不定式（短语）I seemed to hear a voice in the distance. I seem to have caught a cold .seem后不定式的否定式习惯上用 dont 来代替，（放在seem 前），如：You dont seem to be quite yourself today 2).seem +形容词She seems quite happy today.=She seems to be quite happy today.3)Seem+分词The news seems exciting. They seems interested in the film.4)、seem+名词She seems a clever girl. It seemed a long time before my turn came.5).seem+介词短语 They seemed in high spirits.(2)seem常用于it作形式主语的“It seems/seemed that”结构，如：It seems that you were lying.It seems impossible that he will be here tomorrow.(3).seem常用于由as if/though引导的从句中，如：It seems as if it is going to rain. It seems as if he knew nothing about that.注在这种句式中，如从句所叙述的情实现的可能性比较大，从句谓语用陈述语气若实现的可能性较小，或根本不可能实现，从句的谓语则用虚拟语气。(4).seems也常用在“there seem(s) to be”句式中，用来代替be，作句子的谓语。如：There seems to be no point in refusing.There seemed to be something the matter with him. at an altitude of = at a height of 在海拔米处e.g. The plane is flying at a height / altitude of 10,000 feet. 注意:at 在此处表 “在处/时, 以”后接年龄, 速度, 长宽深高, 价格, 费用等 在岁时at the age of 以.的价格at a high / low price在.深度宽度处at a depth/width of 在距离处at a distance of 9、When I told her the air would be hard to breath and it would be very cold 主语 + be + adj.+ to do sth. 是一常用句式即不定式用主动形式表达被动含义。不定式和主语之间是动宾关系，应使用及物动词的主动形式，若是不及物动词，要加相应的介词。 常用的形容词有：easy, difficult, hard, interesting, pleasant, nice ,dangeroues, important等； 该句型可以转换成“It + be + adj + to do sth.”结构 eg：The problem is really hard to work out. = It is really hard to work out the problem. 还有一类表示心理活动的形容词(surprised, moved, disappointed, pleased, happy, sad, delighted, sorry, interested, glad, worried, eager, anxious, angry等），主动用to do, 被动用to be done, 也可接从句。 We were both surprised to learn that half of the river is in China. 我们惊奇地发现这条河有一半是在中国境内。 We were disappionted to be told that the match had been put off. 10. Once she has made up her mind, nothing can change it. Finally, I had to give in.她一旦下了决心，什么也不能使她改变。最后，我只好让步了。 once 作为连词，作“一(旦)就”解，连接一个表示时间的状语从句。从句中常用一般现在时，现在完成时表将来。如：Once you have begin you must continue. Once printed，the book will be very popular once 用作副词，意为“一次；从前，曾经”。11、Finally, I had to give in. (1)、give in (to sb./sth.) 屈服于, 让步, 递交eg：He had to give in to my views. 他只好顺从了我的意见。（2）、give in (sth. to sb.) 上交eg：Please give your examination papers in to the teacher. 【拓展】give up 放弃, 认输 give out 筋疲力尽；分配 give away 捐赠, 泄露 give off 放出，散发（光、热、烟、气、味等）运用：用适当的介词或副词填空。（1） He gave _ to her request.（2） If you give _ smoking，you will save a lot of money every year.（3） His accent gave him _ . So I knew he was from USA.（4）Our teacher gave _ to the police station what he picked up from the ground.（5） His money soon gave _ because he bought a lot of things. 12、It becomes rapids as it passes through deep valleys, traveling across western Yunnan Province. 【辨析】 across，through与over across表示从一定范围的一边到另一边或事物交叉位置,“横穿, 横跨”表面 through 表达两边穿过或穿过空间内部over表示 “越过” 是指越过较高的物体从一侧到另一侧 She swam across the river. 她游过河去。 The river flows through the city from west to east. 这条河从西往东流过城市。 The thief climbed over the wall and ran away. 小偷翻过墙逃走了。 Part 3. Learning about Language 1、 A determined person always tries to finish the job,no matter how hard it is. 有决心的人总是努力完成工作，而不管它有多难。 疑问词+ever，no matter+疑问词 （1） whatever,whichever,whoever,whomever可以引导让步状语从句，也可以引导名词性从句，引导让步状语从句时，可以换成no matter what/which/who/whom,位置可以在主句前，也可以在主句后。Take whatever you want. 拿你想要的任何东西。We will complete the work on time, no matter what happens. =Whatever happens, we will complere the work on time.（2）wherever,whenever,however常引导让步状语从句，可以换成no mattewhere/when/how,可放在主句前或主句后。Whenever he goes abroad, he will buy presents for his younger sister. =No matter when he goes abroad, he wil by presents for his younger sister.2.except for, except, but, besides 表示“除了”的词或短语有：except; but; except for; besides; except that /when.等。 (1) except 和 but 都表示“除了之外。没有”，二者大多数情况下可以互换；但在no, all, nobody, nothing, no one 等不定代词后多用 but。No one knows our teachers address except / but him. (排除him) (2) besides 除之外，还，有附加性。What other foreign languages do you know besides English? (English与other languages都属于know的范围) (3) except for 只不过，整体肯定，部分修正，用于排除非同类事物，for表示细节上的修正。 Your article is well written except for a few spelling mistakes. 当except用于句首时，后面往往要加上for. Except for this, everything is in good order.= Everything is in good order except this. (4) except that /when.that 后接句子I know nothing of that man except that hes from Sichuan.We do morning exercises every morning except when it is raining.Part 4. Using Language1. She was reliable and I knew I didnt need to encourage her. reliable adj. 可信赖的；可靠的 rely vi.依靠；依赖(通常接on/upon)2. put 相关短语 put up 举起；挂起，张贴；建造，搭起；（为某人）提供食宿 He put up his hand to catch the teachers attention. A new notive has been put up on the board. Theyputupanewhousehere. Will you put me up for the night? put up with 忍受 put away 放好，储存.备用1）. put something away: 把.收拾起来 Now, put your books away. 现在，把你的书收拾好。2）. put sb. away: 把. 送进监狱（或精神医院） The doctor wanted me to have him put away. 医生要我把他送进精神病院。3.） put (money) away: 把钱储蓄起来 Ive got $1000 put away for a rainy day. 我有1000元存在银行以备不时之需。4.） put away (food or drink)：大吃大喝 I had put away half a bottle of whisky. 我一下子喝了半瓶威士忌。 put down 写下，放下，镇压 LetmeputdownyourtelephonenumberlestIforgetit.让我先记下你的电话号码,以免忘了。Putdownthatbookandhelpyourmotherwiththedishes.放下那本书,帮你母亲洗餐具。Theyhadtocallthepoliceinordertoputdowntheriot.他们只得叫来警察以平定骚乱。 put forward 1）.向前移Whydontyouputyourchairforwardtogetabetterview?你为什么不把椅子往前挪一点,以便看得更清楚些?2）.将提前Weshallhavetoputthemeetingforward.我们得把会议提前。3）.把.向前拨;将钟拨快Putyourwatchforward;itsfiveminutesslow.将你的手表拨快些,它慢了五分钟。4）.提出Heputforwardaplanforthecommitteetoconsider.他提出一项计划交由全体委员审议 put in 打断，插嘴，话费（时间）Heputinagoodwordforme.他插进来为我说了一句好话。Sheputineighthoursbehindadesk.她在花了八小时办公。 put off 推迟，延期 Theappointmentwasputoffbecauseofhisillness.由于他生病而推迟了约会。 put on 穿上，上演 TheyaregoingtoputonHamlet.他们将上演哈姆雷特。 put out 扑灭（火），伸出 Thefirewassoonputout.火很快就扑灭了。 Itsrudetoputoutyourtonguesatpeople.对人吐舌头是不礼貌的。 put ones heart into 全神贯注于.3. separate的用法 separate 作动词时，指“把原来在一起的人或物分开”。例如: Separate those two boys who are fighting, will you? (你)把那两个打架的孩子拉开，好吗? 构词：separation n. U分开，分离 搭配： separate A from B 把A和B分开 A is separated from B by A和B为所分开阻隔 separate sth (up) into 把分成(几分)作形容词时，“个别的，独自的，分离的”We have separete rooms. 我们都有各自的房间。4.schedule n.时间表；进度表 vt.为某事安排时间 according to schedule 按照计划；按照安排 on schedule 按时behind schedule 晚点 be scheduled to do被安排，定于 火车按时到达。 The train arrived _ _ 总统定于明天发表演说。The President is _ (schedule) to make a speech tomorrow.5.but I stayed awake. stay为连系动词。类似stay既能做行为动词又能作连系动词的还有：become, get ,grow, turn, look, appear, seem, feel, taste, smell, sound, keep等。（六）DIY手工艺品的“创作交流性”价格便宜些 服务热情周到 店面装饰有个性 商品新颖多样课文原文1.Two years ago she bought an expensive mountain bike and then she persuaded me to buy one . （一）大学生的消费购买能力分析2. It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the entire Mekong River from where it begins to where it ends. 3. Although she didnt know the best way of getting to places,she insisted that she organize the trip properly.4.:lWhen I told her that our journey would begin at an altitude of more than 5,000 metres,she seemed to be excited about it.5. It makes wide bends or meanders through low valleys to the plains where rice grows.高考连接（一）大学生的消费购买能力分析【例1】The CDs are on sale!Buy one and you get completely free. （全国高考） A.otherB.others C.oneD.ones新材料手工艺品。目前，国际上传统的金银、仿金银制成饰品的销售在逐步下降，与此形成鲜明对比的是，数年以前兴起的崇尚然风格、追求个性的自制饰品-即根据自己的创意将各种材质的饰珠，用皮、布、金属等线材串出的品，正在各国的女性中大行其道。【例2】Ive read another book this week.Well,maybe is not how much you read but what you read that counts.（浙江高考）3、消费“多样化” A.this B.that C.there D.it【例3】 the police thought he was themost likely one,since they had no exact “碧芝”隶属于加拿大的公司。这家公司原先从事首饰加工业，自助首饰的风行也自西方，随着人工饰品的欣欣向荣，自制饰品越来越受到了人们的认同。年碧芝自制饰品店在迪美购物中心开张，这里地理位置十分优越，交通四八达，由于是市中心，汇集了来自各地的游客和时尚人群，不用担心客流量问题。迪美有多家商铺，不包括柜台，现在这个商铺的位置还是比较合适的，位于中心地带，左边出口的自动扶梯直接通向地面，从正对着的旋转式楼拾阶而上就是人民广场中央，周边、条地下通道都交汇于此，从自家店铺门口经过的的顾客会因为好奇而进看一下。 proof about it,they could not arrest him. （湖南高考）（二）创业弱势分析 A.AlthoughB.As long as C.If only D.As soon as 400-500元1326%【例4】 building supplies to construct these energy-saving houses.It took brains, too. A.other thanB.more than C.rather thanD.less than【例5】What do you think of teaching,Bob?I find it fun and challenging.It is a job you are doing something serious but interestin A.whereB.