全国疾控卫生应急培训之6Emergencyexercises演练基本知识美国疾控中心.pptx

Lesson#1课程课程#1Exercise Basics演练基本知识演练基本知识Centers for Disease Centers for Disease Control and PreventionControl and Prevention美国疾病预防控制中心美国疾病预防控制中心Objectives 具体目标n nAfter completing Lesson 1,you will be able to:After completing Lesson 1,you will be able to:在完成课程在完成课程1 1后，你将能够：后，你将能够：Distinguish between different exercise types.Distinguish between different exercise types.区分不同类型的演练区分不同类型的演练Identify the main goals for conducting exercises.Identify the main goals for conducting exercises.确定开展演练的主要目的确定开展演练的主要目的 Describe the building block approach to exercises.Describe the building block approach to exercises.描述开展演练的模块化方法描述开展演练的模块化方法Lesson 1-Exercise basics 练习1-演练基本知识Exercise Exercise Something performed or Something performed or practiced in order to develop,practiced in order to develop,improve,or display a specific improve,or display a specific power or skill.power or skill.演练演练-为发展、提高或者展示特定为发展、提高或者展示特定的能力或技能而开展的活动的能力或技能而开展的活动-Merriam-Websters Dictionary-Merriam-Websters Dictionary Disaster exercise programs防灾演练防灾演练n nDisaster exercise programs should:防灾演练应该：begin with an assessment of risk and capabilitiesbegin with an assessment of risk and capabilities 首先对风险和能力进行评估首先对风险和能力进行评估 focus on specific capabilities within the plan rather than specific focus on specific capabilities within the plan rather than specific threatsthreats 注重预案中的特定能力而不是特定威胁注重预案中的特定能力而不是特定威胁 result in improved execution of the plan through training and result in improved execution of the plan through training and revision of the planrevision of the plan 最后通过培训和预案修订以提高预案执行能力最后通过培训和预案修订以提高预案执行能力The planning cycle预案编制循环预案编制循环TRAINTRAINPLANPLANEXERCISEEXERCISEIMPROVEIMPROVE回回回回顾执顾执行行行行情况情况情况情况Describe Describe taskstasks演演演演练练学学学学习习Learn Learn taskstasks描述描述描述描述Perform Perform taskstasksReview Review performance performance of tasksof tasks执行执行Reasons for conducting exercises实施演练的原因Evaluate operations and plans.Evaluate operations and plans.评估实际操作和预案评估实际操作和预案Reinforce teamwork.Reinforce teamwork.加强团队协作加强团队协作Demonstrate resolve to prepare for emergencies Demonstrate resolve to prepare for emergencies and disasters.and disasters.验证处置突发事件和灾难的解决能力验证处置突发事件和灾难的解决能力Clarify roles and responsibilities.Clarify roles and responsibilities.明确职责明确职责Reasons for conducting exercises实施演练的原因Improve interagency coordination.Improve interagency coordination.提高部门间协作提高部门间协作Find resource gaps.Find resource gaps.找出资源差距找出资源差距Develop individual performance.Develop individual performance.提高个人能力提高个人能力Identify opportunities for Identify opportunities for improvementimprovement 有机会完善预案有机会完善预案Ultimately,we exercise to improve execution of the plan when it is needed most最终，我们演练的目的是在紧要关头提高预案的执行力Types of Exercises演练类型 Discussion-based exercises Discussion-based exercises 讨论式的演练讨论式的演练 Tabletop exercise Tabletop exercise 桌面推演桌面推演 Operations-base exercises Operations-base exercises 操作式的演练操作式的演练 Drills Drills 操练操练 Functional exercise Functional exercise 专项演练专项演练 Full Scale exercise Full Scale exercise 综合演练综合演练Discussion-based exercises讨论式的演练l lProvide a forum for discussing or developing plans,agreements,Provide a forum for discussing or developing plans,agreements,training and procedures.training and procedures.举办一个讨论会，进行讨论和编写预案，取得共识，开展举办一个讨论会，进行讨论和编写预案，取得共识，开展培训及梳理流程培训及梳理流程l lAre generally less complicated that operations-based types.Are generally less complicated that operations-based types.通常没操作式演练那么复杂通常没操作式演练那么复杂l lTypically focus on strategic,policy-oriented issues.Typically focus on strategic,policy-oriented issues.通常关注策略性、政策导向性问题通常关注策略性、政策导向性问题l lDo not involve deployment of resources.Do not involve deployment of resources.不涉及动用资源不涉及动用资源Primarily Primarily Tabletop ExercisesTabletop Exercises主要是主要是桌面推演桌面推演Tabletop exercises桌面推演 Involve senior staff,Involve senior staff,government officials,or government officials,or other key personnelother key personnel 涉及资深的工作人员，政涉及资深的工作人员，政府官员或者其他关键人物府官员或者其他关键人物 Informal group discussionInformal group discussion 非正式小组讨论非正式小组讨论 Used to test existing plans,Used to test existing plans,policies,or procedures policies,or procedures without incurring the high without incurring the high costs costs 用于检验现有预案、政策用于检验现有预案、政策或操作流程，而无需花费或操作流程，而无需花费太多太多 Allows participants to work Allows participants to work through a problem without through a problem without the pressure of an the pressure of an operations-based exerciseoperations-based exercise 允许参与人员在没有操作允许参与人员在没有操作式演练的压力下处理问题式演练的压力下处理问题Goals of a tabletop exercise:桌面推演的目标:n nIn a tabletop exercise,participants:In a tabletop exercise,participants:在桌面推演中，参与人员：在桌面推演中，参与人员：Identify strengths and shortfalls.Identify strengths and shortfalls.发现优缺点发现优缺点 Enhance understanding of new concepts.Enhance understanding of new concepts.增进对新概念的理解增进对新概念的理解 Seek to change existing attitudes and perspectives.Seek to change existing attitudes and perspectives.寻求改变现有态度和观点的机会寻求改变现有态度和观点的机会Tabletop exercise conduct characteristics:桌面推演的特征：Requires an experienced Requires an experienced facilitator.facilitator.需要有经验的辅助人员需要有经验的辅助人员 In-depth discussion.In-depth discussion.深度的讨论深度的讨论 Slow-paced problem solving.Slow-paced problem solving.慢速地解决问题慢速地解决问题Operations-based exercises操作式的演练l l Deployment of resources and personnel.Deployment of resources and personnel.动用资源和人力动用资源和人力l l More complex than discussion-based.More complex than discussion-based.比讨论式的演练更加复杂比讨论式的演练更加复杂l l Require execution of plans,policies,Require execution of plans,policies,agreements,and procedures.agreements,and procedures.需要执行预案、政策、共识和操作流程需要执行预案、政策、共识和操作流程Operations-based exercises操作式的演练n nClarify roles and Clarify roles and responsibilities.responsibilities.明确职责明确职责n nImprove individual and Improve individual and team performances.team performances.验证和提高个人和团队验证和提高个人和团队 的执行能力的执行能力Includes drills,functional exercises and full-scale exercises.包括操练、专项演练和综合演练Drills 操练A supervised activity that tests a A supervised activity that tests a specific operationspecific operation or or functionfunction of a single agency.of a single agency.一种监督下的行为，此行为用于检验单一机构特定一种监督下的行为，此行为用于检验单一机构特定的运作或功能的运作或功能Goals of a drill:操练的目的：n nIn a drill,participants:In a drill,participants:在操练中，参与人员：在操练中，参与人员：Get training on new equipment.Get training on new equipment.得到新装备的培训得到新装备的培训 Test new procedures.Test new procedures.检验新的操作流程检验新的操作流程 Practice and maintain skills.Practice and maintain skills.练习和维护技能练习和维护技能l lPrepare for more complex exercises.Prepare for more complex exercises.准备更加复杂的演练准备更加复杂的演练Characteristics of drill conduct操练的特征 l lImmediate feedback.Immediate feedback.迅速反馈迅速反馈l lRealistic but isolated Realistic but isolated environment.environment.真实但孤立的环境真实但孤立的环境 Functional exercise专项演练 A functional exercise is a A functional exercise is a single or multi-agency single or multi-agency activity designed to activity designed to evaluate capabilities and evaluate capabilities and multiple functions using multiple functions using simulated response.simulated response.专项演练是单个或者多个专项演练是单个或者多个机构的行为，该行为通过机构的行为，该行为通过假设的应急响应来评价能假设的应急响应来评价能力和多种功能力和多种功能Goals of a functional exercise:专项演练的目的：n nIn an functional exercise,participants:In an functional exercise,participants:在专项演练中，参与人员：在专项演练中，参与人员：Evaluate management of Emergency Evaluate management of Emergency Operations Centers,command posts,and Operations Centers,command posts,and headquarters.headquarters.评估应急指挥中心、指挥所和指挥部评估应急指挥中心、指挥所和指挥部的管理的管理 Assess the capacity of response plans Assess the capacity of response plans and resources.and resources.评估应急预案和资源的能力评估应急预案和资源的能力Functional exercise conduct characteristics:专项演练的特征：n nSimulated deployment of resources and personnel.Simulated deployment of resources and personnel.假设动用了资源和人力假设动用了资源和人力n n Rapid problem solving.Rapid problem solving.快速解决问题快速解决问题n n Highly stressful environment.Highly stressful environment.高度紧张环境高度紧张环境Full scale exercise 综合演练 A full-scale exercise is a high-stress multi-agency,A full-scale exercise is a high-stress multi-agency,multi-jurisdictional activity involving actual multi-jurisdictional activity involving actual deployment of resources in a coordinated deployment of resources in a coordinated response,as if a real incident had occurred.response,as if a real incident had occurred.综合演练是高度紧张的多机综合演练是高度紧张的多机构跨领域的行为，该行为在构跨领域的行为，该行为在协调处置情况下实际动用资协调处置情况下实际动用资源，就像突发事件真的发生源，就像突发事件真的发生一样。一样。Goals of a full scale exercise:综合演练的目标：n nIn an full scale exercise,In an full scale exercise,participants:participants:在综合演练中，参与人员：在综合演练中，参与人员：Assess plans and procedures Assess plans and procedures under crisis conditions.under crisis conditions.在危机下在危机下评估预案和操作流程评估预案和操作流程 Evaluate coordinated responses Evaluate coordinated responses under crisis conditions.under crisis conditions.在危机下在危机下评估协同处置能力评估协同处置能力Full scale exercise conduct characteristics:综合演练的特征：l lMobilization of units,Mobilization of units,personnel,and equipment.personnel,and equipment.动用部门、人员和设备动用部门、人员和设备l lScripted exercise scenario.Scripted exercise scenario.设定的演练场景设定的演练场景l lStressful,realistic environmentStressful,realistic environment 紧张真实的环境紧张真实的环境Summary of Exercise Characteristics 演练特征的概要Tabletop Tabletop (discussion-based)(discussion-based)桌面推演（讨论式）桌面推演（讨论式）S Senior staff,elected or appointed officials,or otherenior staff,elected or appointed officials,or other key key personnel.personnel.资深工作人员，遴选出或指定的官员，或其它关键资深工作人员，遴选出或指定的官员，或其它关键人员人员Tests existing plans,policies,or procedures.Low cost,Tests existing plans,policies,or procedures.Low cost,Low stress environmentLow stress environment 检验现有预案、政策或操作流程。低成本，低压力检验现有预案、政策或操作流程。低成本，低压力环境环境Summary of Exercise Characteristics演练特征的概要DrillsDrills (operations-based)(operations-based)操练操练 （操作式）（操作式）Test a Test a specific operationspecific operation or functionor function of a single agency;of a single agency;检验单个机构检验单个机构特定的运作或功能特定的运作或功能Gain training on new equipment,test new procedures,Gain training on new equipment,test new procedures,practice and maintain skills.practice and maintain skills.获得新装备的培训，检验新的操作流程，练习和维持获得新装备的培训，检验新的操作流程，练习和维持技能技能Prepare for more complex exercises.Prepare for more complex exercises.准备更加复杂的演练准备更加复杂的演练Summary of Exercise Characteristics演练特征的概要FunctionalFunctional (operations-based)(operations-based)专项专项（操作式）（操作式）A single or multi-agency activity designed to evaluate A single or multi-agency activity designed to evaluate capabilities,multiple functions.capabilities,multiple functions.为单个或多个机构的行为，该行为用于评估能力和多为单个或多个机构的行为，该行为用于评估能力和多种功能种功能S Simulated deployment of resources andimulated deployment of resources and personnel.personnel.假设动用资源和人力假设动用资源和人力Requires rapid problem solving,highly stressful Requires rapid problem solving,highly stressful environment.environment.需要快速解决问题，高度紧张的环境需要快速解决问题，高度紧张的环境Summary of Exercise Characteristics演练特征的概要Full scaleFull scale (operations-based)(operations-based)综合综合（操作式）（操作式）A multi-agency,multi-jurisdictional activity.A multi-agency,multi-jurisdictional activity.多机构、跨领域的行为多机构、跨领域的行为Involves Involves actual deployment of resourcesactual deployment of resources in a coordinated in a coordinated response,response,as if a realas if a real incident had occurred.incident had occurred.协同处置时协同处置时实际动用资源实际动用资源，犹如突发事件真的发生犹如突发事件真的发生Uses a scripted scenario.Highly stressful,realistic Uses a scripted scenario.Highly stressful,realistic environment.environment.使用设定的场景，高度紧张的真实环境使用设定的场景，高度紧张的真实环境The Building Block Approach模块化方法-Exercises should be conducted as Exercises should be conducted as part of the preparedness cyclepart of the preparedness cycle 演练应作为应急准备循环的一部分演练应作为应急准备循环的一部分 -Exercise beginning from the most -Exercise beginning from the most simple type to the most complex simple type to the most complex 演练从最简单的类型开始到最复杂演练从最简单的类型开始到最复杂的类型的类型-Build on the experience of the-Build on the experience of the previous exerciseprevious exercise 基于以往演练的经验基于以往演练的经验 (Remember to consider the time&money (Remember to consider the time&money involved for each type of exercise!)involved for each type of exercise!)（记得要考虑每种演练涉及的时间和金钱！）（记得要考虑每种演练涉及的时间和金钱！）The emergency preparedness cycle应急准备循环Drills and exercises are a critical step in emergency preparedness and Drills and exercises are a critical step in emergency preparedness and planning!planning!操练和演练是应急准备和规划的一个重要步骤！操练和演练是应急准备和规划的一个重要步骤！Drills and Exercises练习和演练Monitoring and Evaluation监控和评估Emergency应急Planning预案Education And Training教育和培训Policy政策 Development制定