1、Grammar the Infinitive第1页动词不定式主动被动结构改变一览表动词不定式主动被动结构改变一览表普通式进行式进行式完成式完成式主动主动to doto be doingto have done被动被动to be doneto have been done第2页不定式是动词一个非限定形式不定式是动词一个非限定形式,由由“to+动词原形动词原形”组成,没有些人称和组成,没有些人称和数改变,在句中不能独立作谓语。数改变,在句中不能独立作谓语。但不定式含有名词、形容词和副词特但不定式含有名词、形容词和副词特征,在句中能够作征,在句中能够作主语、宾语、宾语主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定
2、语、状语补足语、表语、定语、状语等。等。第3页1.It is good to help others.2.It is my ambition to make sure that the disabled people in our neighborhood have access to all public buildings.3.My ambition is to work in the computer industry when I grow up.区分下面不定式在句子中充当成份区分下面不定式在句子中充当成份:subjectsubjectPredicative(表语表语)第4页4.I d
3、ont have time to sit around feeling sorry for myself.5.I am the only student in my class to have a pet snake.6.A big company has decided to buy it from me.7.My fellow students have begun to accept me for who I am.attributeattributeobjectobject第5页8.I have had to work hard to live a normal life.9.Some
4、 days I am too tired to get out of bed.10.We must call on local government to give financial assistance to disabled people.Adverbial(状语状语)adverbialobject complement第6页一一.不定式在句中功效不定式在句中功效1.作主语作主语用不定式或动名词作主语特殊句型。熟记以下固定用不定式或动名词作主语特殊句型。熟记以下固定句式:句式:It takes me about two hours to finish all my homework ev
5、ery day.我天天做完全部作业需要大约我天天做完全部作业需要大约两小时。两小时。It is necessary for us to be constantly reminded of our shortcomings.经常有些人提醒我们本身缺点是经常有些人提醒我们本身缺点是有必要。有必要。第7页 Its very kind of you to tell me the truth.你真好,告诉我真相。你真好,告诉我真相。Its no use quarrelling about it.We are all in the same boat.为此事争吵是为此事争吵是没有用,我们处境相同。没有用,
6、我们处境相同。第8页只能接不定式动词或短语动词。以下只能接不定式动词或短语动词。以下18条考可能性最大,请依据汉语意思,条考可能性最大,请依据汉语意思,用规范工整英语完成搭配后,熟读切用规范工整英语完成搭配后,熟读切记:记:2.作宾语作宾语第9页汉语意思汉语意思英文搭配英文搭配1 决定做某事决定做某事_ to do sth.2 拒绝干某事拒绝干某事_ to do sth.3 同意做某事同意做某事_ to do sth.4 希望做某事希望做某事_ to do sth.5 计划做某事计划做某事_ to do sth.6 打算做某事打算做某事_ to do sth.deciderefuseagree
7、hopeplanintend 第10页汉语意思汉语意思英文搭配英文搭配7能够做某事能够做某事_ to do sth.8恰巧做某事_ to do sth.9想做某事想做某事_ to do sth.10 假装做某事假装做某事_ to do sth.11 提出要做某事提出要做某事_ to do sth.12 努力做成某事努力做成某事_ to do sth.affordhappenwantpretendoffermanage第11页汉语意思汉语意思英文搭配英文搭配13 能够做某事能够做某事_ to do sth.14恰巧做某事_ to do sth.15 想做某事想做某事_ to do sth.16
8、假装做某事假装做某事_ to do sth.17 提出要做某事提出要做某事 _ to do sth.18 努力做成某事努力做成某事 _ to do sth.would loveget readycant waittry ones bestmake an attemptmake up ones mind第12页(3)只能接动名词动词或短语动词。只能接动名词动词或短语动词。如真题再练第如真题再练第11和和13题。以下题。以下22条考可能性最大,请依据汉语意思,条考可能性最大,请依据汉语意思,用规范工整英语完成搭配后,熟读切用规范工整英语完成搭配后,熟读切记:记:第13页汉语意思汉语意思英文搭配英文
9、搭配1 喜爱做某事喜爱做某事_ doing sth.2 完成某事完成某事_ doing sth.3 讨厌做某事讨厌做某事_ doing sth.4 介意做某事介意做某事_ doing sth.5 练习做某事练习做某事_ doing sth.6连续做某事_ doing sth.7 允许做某事允许做某事_ doing sth.enjoyfinishdislikemindpractisekeeppermit/allow第14页汉语意思汉语意思英文搭配英文搭配8认可做某事_ doing sth.9考虑做某事考虑做某事_ doing sth.10提议做某事_ doing sth.11防止做某事_ doi
10、ng sth.12 不怕做某事不怕做某事_ doing sth.13 想象做某事想象做某事_ doing sth.14 想做某事想做某事_ doing sth.15 放弃做某事放弃做某事_ doing sth.admitconsider suggest/adviseescaperiskimaginefeel likegive up第15页汉语意思汉语意思英文搭配英文搭配16 推迟做某事推迟做某事_ doing sth.17 继续做某事继续做某事_ doing sth.18重复做某事_ doing sth.19 坚持做某事坚持做某事_ doing sth.20 忙于做某事忙于做某事_ doing
11、 sth.21 某事值得做某事值得做sth._ doing 22 不能忍受做某事不能忍受做某事 _ doing sth.put offcarry onkeep oninsist onbe busybe worthcant stand第16页3.作定语作定语 要依据与逻辑主语关系,是主动关系要依据与逻辑主语关系,是主动关系用现在分词用现在分词(如真题再练第如真题再练第2题题),是被,是被动关系就用过去分词动关系就用过去分词(如真题再练第如真题再练第1、3题题)。若是表示未来情况若是表示未来情况(发生在谓语动词发生在谓语动词之后之后)或表示或表示“有有要要”用动词不定用动词不定式,在最高级或式,在
12、最高级或“序数词序数词(+名词名词)”后或在后或在ability,chance,way等抽象名词后作定语也等抽象名词后作定语也要用不定式。如:要用不定式。如:第17页 I borrowed some books _(read)during my holiday.解析:解析:因因“阅读阅读”在在“借书借书”之后,即之后,即表示未来,故用不定式作定语,填表示未来,故用不定式作定语,填to read。to read第18页 He told me that he had a composition _(write).解析解析:“有一篇作文要写有一篇作文要写”,即,即“有有要要”表示未来,故用不定式作定
13、语,表示未来,故用不定式作定语,填填to write。to write第19页Jack,a hard-working student,is always the first _(come)to school and the last to leave.解析:解析:序数词后用不定式作定语,序数词后用不定式作定语,故填故填to come。to come第20页 Tu Youyou,an 84-year-old female scientist,became the first Chinese citizen _(win)a Nobel Prize in science on Oct.5,.解析:解
14、析:在在“序数词序数词+名词名词”后用不定式后用不定式作定语,故填作定语,故填to win。to win第21页 Happiness is the ability _(make)the most of what we have.解析:解析:在抽象名词在抽象名词ability后,表示后,表示“做某事做某事能力能力”,用不定式作定语,故填,用不定式作定语,故填to make。If I were you,I should seize the chance _(practise)speaking English.解析:解析:在抽象名词在抽象名词chance后,表示后,表示“做某事做某事机会机会”,用不
15、定式作定语,故填,用不定式作定语,故填to practise。to maketo practise第22页 We found a way _(solve)this problem.解析:解析:在抽象名词在抽象名词way后,表示后,表示“做某做某事方法事方法”,用不定式作定语,故填,用不定式作定语,故填to solve。to solve第23页4.作状语作状语(1)在形容词后作状语用不定式。如在形容词后作状语用不定式。如 真题再练真题再练第第5题题(cold enough to do sth.)。又如。又如:She wished that he was as easy _(please)as h
16、er mother,who was always delighted with perfume.(广东卷广东卷)解析:解析:因句中已经有谓语因句中已经有谓语was easy(系动词加表系动词加表语组成谓语语组成谓语),动词,动词please(使高兴使高兴)应为非谓语动应为非谓语动词;在形容词后作状语,只能用动词不定式,词;在形容词后作状语,只能用动词不定式,故填故填to please。to please第24页(2)作目标状语也只能用不定式。如:作目标状语也只能用不定式。如:Since the plants took a while to grow,he started cutting dow
17、n trees _(sell)the wood.(广东卷广东卷)解析:解析:因句中已经有谓语因句中已经有谓语started,而,而sell前前没有并列连词,所以没有并列连词,所以sell为非谓语动词;又为非谓语动词;又因因“卖木料卖木料”是是“砍树砍树”目标,故用不定式目标,故用不定式to sell。to sell第25页目标状语目标状语:惯用结构惯用结构to do;in order to do,so as to do,so/such as to do,etc.I come here to say good-bye to you.(3)结果状语结果状语:常与常与only,enough 或或to
18、o连用。连用。He studied hard only to fail the exam.He is old enough to go to school.(4)原因状语原因状语:普通用在句尾普通用在句尾Im glad to see you.She wept to see the sight.第26页 用不定式作宾补固定搭配很多,用不定式作宾补固定搭配很多,但最可能考且在写作中很可能会但最可能考且在写作中很可能会用到有以下用到有以下22个,请用规范工整个,请用规范工整英语完成搭配后,熟读切记:英语完成搭配后,熟读切记:5.作补语作补语第27页汉语意思汉语意思英文搭配英文搭配1 请求某人做某事请
19、求某人做某事_ sb.to do sth.2哀求某人做某事_ sb.to do sth.3 邀请某人干某事邀请某人干某事_ sb.to do sth.4 叫某人做某事叫某人做某事_ sb.to do sth.5 提醒某人做某事提醒某人做某事_ sb.to do sth.6勉励某人做某事_ sb.to do sth.7 激励某人做某事激励某人做某事_ sb.to do sth.8 敦促某人做某事敦促某人做某事_ sb.to do sth.askbeginvitetellremindencourageinspireurge第28页汉语意思汉语意思英文搭配英文搭配9要求某人做某事要求某人做某事 _
20、sb.to do sth.10提议某人做某事_ sb.to do sth.11 说服某人做某事说服某人做某事 _ sb.to do sth.12 指派某人做某事指派某人做某事 _ sb.to do sth.13造成某人做某事_ sb.to do sth.14 强迫某人做某事强迫某人做某事 _ sb.to do sth.15 答应某人做某事答应某人做某事 _ sb.to do sth.16 警告某人做某事警告某人做某事 _ sb.to do sth.require/requestadviseconvince/persuadeappointcauseforcepromisewarn第29页汉语意思
21、汉语意思英文搭配英文搭配17 允许某人做某事允许某人做某事_ sb.to do sth.18 禁止某人做某事禁止某人做某事_ sb.to do sth.19 希望某人做某事希望某人做某事_ sb.to do sth.20 想要某人做某事想要某人做某事_ sb.to do sth.21提议某人做某事_ sb.to do sth.22 说服某人做某事说服某人做某事_ sb.to do sth.would like/wantwait forallow/permitforbid/prohibitwish/desire/expectcall on 第30页二二.不定式否定结构:不定式否定结构:不定式否定
22、结构多由不定式否定结构多由“not+不定式不定式”组成,组成,否定副词否定副词 not,never,seldom,hardly 等要置于等要置于to前。前。请告诉你小孩不要在街上玩耍。请告诉你小孩不要在街上玩耍。Please tell your child not to play in the street.她检验名字为了不犯错误。她检验名字为了不犯错误。She checked the names so as not to make mistakes.第31页三三.不定式时态:不定式时态:1.普通时表示动作普通时表示动作,有时与谓语动词表示有时与谓语动词表示 动作同时发生动作同时发生,有时发生
23、在谓语动词表示有时发生在谓语动词表示 动作之后。动作之后。He seems to know this.他似乎知道这事。他似乎知道这事。I hope to see you again.我希望再见到你。我希望再见到你。2.完成时表示动作发生在谓语动词表示完成时表示动作发生在谓语动词表示 动作之前。动作之前。很抱歉给了你这么多麻烦。很抱歉给了你这么多麻烦。Im sorry to have given you so much trouble.第32页3.普通进行时表示动作正在进行普通进行时表示动作正在进行,与谓语与谓语 动词表示动作同时发生。动词表示动作同时发生。他好象正在吃什么东西。他好象正在吃什么
24、东西。He seems to be eating something.4.完成进行时表示动作从过去开始并延续完成进行时表示动作从过去开始并延续 至说话时候。至说话时候。听说她研究这问题有好多年了。听说她研究这问题有好多年了。She is said to have been working on the problem for many years.第33页考点练透考点练透在以下各句空白处填入所给词正确在以下各句空白处填入所给词正确形式,并说明理由。形式,并说明理由。1.I am writing this letter _(invite)you to come with us.此处动词不定式作目
25、状语。to invite第34页2.Whats worse,I find it quite hard _(take)notes in classes because I cant follow the teachers words.句中句中it 是形式宾语,动词不定式作真正宾语。是形式宾语,动词不定式作真正宾语。to take 3.I want to live in the country because the air there is so fresh _(breathe).在作表语或补语形容词后,只能用不定式作在作表语或补语形容词后,只能用不定式作状语,故填状语,故填to breathe
26、。to breathe第35页4._(bring)up the family,my father works day and night.此处表示“为了抚养家庭”,因此用动词不定式作目状语。To bring本题中,动词不定式作本题中,动词不定式作opportunity后后置定语。能够直接记住搭配:置定语。能够直接记住搭配:have an opportunity to do sth.(有做有做机会机会)。to explore5.The students are looking forward to having an opportunity _(explore)society of real-l
27、ife experience.第36页6.Recently,we students planned _(go)to the nursing home _(learn)more about the old there.第一空第一空plan后接动词不定式作宾语,第二空用后接动词不定式作宾语,第二空用动词不定式作目标状语。动词不定式作目标状语。7.Tu Youyou is the first Chinese woman _(win)the Nobel Prize in medicine.当当the first,the second,the last,the only等作名等作名词或者它们作形容词用来修饰代词,它们或词或者它们作形容词用来修饰代词,它们或它们所修饰代词后,也惯用不定式作定语。它们所修饰代词后,也惯用不定式作定语。to goto learnto win第37页