动词不定式的用法省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

1.动词不定式动词不定式使用方法使用方法1.作主语作主语2.作宾语作宾语3.作定语作定语4.作表语作表语5.作宾补作宾补6.作状语作状语动词不定式动词不定式2.动词不定式时态和语态动词不定式时态和语态3.巩固练习巩固练习第1页1.动词不定式作主语动词不定式作主语动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数人称单数。Togettherebycarwilltakeawholeday.Howtogetenoughmoneyisstillaquestion.第2页1.动词不定式作主语动词不定式作主语有时候为了保持句子平衡，惯用有时候为了保持句子平衡，惯用it作作形式主语，放到句首，而将作真实形式主语，放到句首，而将作真实主语动词不定式放到句末。主语动词不定式放到句末。Itwilltakeawholedaytogettherebycar.Itisimpossibleformetofinishtheworkinaweek.第3页2.动词不定式作宾语动词不定式作宾语动词不定式作宾语惯用于以下动词后：动词不定式作宾语惯用于以下动词后：want,agree,decide,manage,wish,hope,ask,like,love,choose,promise,continue,plan,learn,expect,offer,prepare,refuse,pretend,attempt,intend,threaten,seek,hesitate,long,desire,fail等等等等。第4页动词不定式作宾语应注意问题动词不定式作宾语应注意问题1.有些动词后跟动词不定式和动名词有些动词后跟动词不定式和动名词作宾语意义截然不一样作宾语意义截然不一样try,goon,stop,mean,regret,remember,forget等等第5页trytodosth.尽力去做某事尽力去做某事trydoingsth.试一试，试试看试一试，试试看Tryknockingatthebackdoorifnobodyhearsyouatthefrontdoor.Trytogetthereontime.第6页forgettodosth.忘了去做某事忘了去做某事forgetdoingsth.忘了做过某事忘了做过某事IforgettellingheraboutitIforgettobringthepursewithmewhenIlefthomethismorning.第7页remembertodosth.记住去做某事记住去做某事rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事记得做过某事Irememberreadingthestoryinsomebook.Remembertoposttheletterformewhenyougotothepostoffice.第8页动词不定式作宾语应注意问题动词不定式作宾语应注意问题2.假如不定式作宾语而后面又有一个假如不定式作宾语而后面又有一个宾语补足语，这时要用宾语补足语，这时要用it作形式宾语作形式宾语而把这个动词不定式放到补语后。而把这个动词不定式放到补语后。Ifeelitmydutytohelpyou.Ioncethoughtitimpossibleforustofinishthejobinsuchalimitedtime.第9页3.动词不定式作定语动词不定式作定语动词不定式作定语，它与所修饰名词动词不定式作定语，它与所修饰名词或代词可能是主谓关系，也可能是动或代词可能是主谓关系，也可能是动宾关系。假如是动宾关系，不定式主宾关系。假如是动宾关系，不定式主动表示被动。动表示被动。Hewasthelastonetoleaveschoolyesterday.Wehavemuchhomeworktodoeveryday.第10页4.动词不定式作表语动词不定式作表语1主主语语和和表表语语都都是是不不定定式式（其其含含义义往往一是条件，一是结果），如：往往一是条件，一是结果），如：To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.To do that would be to cut the foot to fit the shoe.第11页2主主语语是是以以aim,duty,hope,idea,intention,mistake,plan,proposal,job,suggestion 等等为为中中心心词词名名词词词词组组，或或以以 what 引引导导名名词词性性从从句句表表示示，表表语语用用不不定定式式说明其内容，如：说明其内容，如：My idea is to climb the mountain from the north.My suggestion is to start work at once.What I would suggest is to start work at once.第12页注注：在在一一些些句句型型中中，当当主主语语部部分分有有动动作作动动词词do 时时，作作表表语语不不定定式式能能够够省省略略符符号号“to”，如：，如：All we have to do is pushthebutton.TheonlythingIcandonowisgoonbymyself.AllIcoulddowassendhimatelegram.第13页5.动词不定式作宾补动词不定式作宾补常跟动词不定式作宾补动词有：常跟动词不定式作宾补动词有：（1）可接带）可接带to不定式作宾补动词有：不定式作宾补动词有：ask,get,allow,forbid,prefer,force,inspire,advise,cause,tell,order,warn,teach,permit,wish,invite,encourage等等第14页（2）可跟省）可跟省to动词不定式作宾补动词动词不定式作宾补动词有：有：在部分感官动词和使役动词后，如：在部分感官动词和使役动词后，如：see,watch,notice,observe,lookat,listento,feel,make,let,have注：注：help后可跟省后可跟省to或带或带to不定式作不定式作宾补。宾补。第15页Theteacherhadusrecitethetexteveryday.Iwaslettodotheexperimentalone.Washenoticedtoleavethehouse?动词不定式在主动语态中用省动词不定式在主动语态中用省to形式形式作宾补，但在被动语态句子中，要用作宾补，但在被动语态句子中，要用带带to形式作主语补语。形式作主语补语。第16页6.动词不定式作状语动词不定式作状语动词不定式作状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，通常表示目、原因、结果、程度等。第17页1表示目：They ran over to welcome the delegates.He stood up to be seen better.2.表示结果：What have I said to make you so angry?He came round to find himself in hospital.第18页不定式结构表示结果更常见于以下句型不定式结构表示结果更常见于以下句型：soastoWould you be so kind as to lend meyourbicycle/tellmethetime?such()astoImnotsuchafoolastobelievethat.enoughtoTheboyisoldenoughtogotoschool.tooto5.onlytodo表示一个意想不到结果表示一个意想不到结果Eg:Wewenttothetrainstationonlytofindthatthetrainhadleft.第19页当当too前有前有only时，时，onlytooto译译作必定。作必定。Iamonlytoopleasedtohelpyou.当不定式前有表否定意义词时，译作必当不定式前有表否定意义词时，译作必定。定。Wearenevertoooldtolearn.第20页动词不定式时态动词不定式时态1.I opened the door to enter the room.3.Mr.Smith is going to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow.普通式普通式(to do).不定式普通式所表不定式普通式所表示动作（状态）同示动作（状态）同时（或几乎同时）时（或几乎同时）发生，或之后发生。发生，或之后发生。2.saw her enter the room.第21页.进行式进行式(to be doing)1.I am very glad to be working with you.2.Hepretendedto be reading whenhismothercameintohisroom.不定式进行式表示正在不定式进行式表示正在进行动作进行动作,和谓语动词所和谓语动词所表示动作同时进行。表示动作同时进行。动词不定式时态动词不定式时态第22页动词不定式时态动词不定式时态.完成式（完成式（to have done)1.I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long.2.You seemed to have read the novel written by Mr.Smith.不定式完成式不定式完成式表示动作在谓表示动作在谓语表示动作之语表示动作之前发生。前发生。第23页巩固练习1.Several of these washes and dryers are out of order and_.A.need to be repairingB.repairing is required of themC.require that they be repaired.D.need to be repaired.解析：and并列谓语动词，need to be repaired相当于need repairing.D第24页2.I wish you had brought your family with you.Ill get them _ next time.A.coming B.to come C.come D.have comeB解析：使役动词get后跟带to动词不定式作宾补，let，make,have后跟省to动词不定式作宾补。第25页3.We climbed to the top of the tower _a better view of the area.A.getting B.got C.having got D.to getD解析：动词不定式作目状语，其余几个没这功能。第26页4.What is the way Smith thought of _ enough money to buy the new house.A.getting B.having got C.being got D.to getD解析：名词the way后跟有两个定语，一个是定语从句Smith thought of，一个是动词不定式to get enough money to buy the new house.第27页5.The young assistant was noticed _ the bank alone last night.A.entering B.enter C.to enter D.enteredC解析：感官动词后可跟现在分词和省to动词不定式作宾补。不定式表示全过程，现在分词表示正在进行。在被动语态中用带to动词不定式作主语补语。第28页6.Wang Dong wanted to surf the Internet,but his father told him _.A.not to do B.not do it C.do not to D.not toD解析：tell sb.(not)to do sth.为了防止重复，后面省略了surf the Internet.第29页7.The party was successful,but we thought it a pity not _ you.A.invite B.to invite C.inviting D.to have invitedD解析：it为形式宾语，动词不定式作真实宾语，没有邀请这动作发生在晚会前，故用动词不定式完成式。第30页小结要掌握动词不定式使用方法，重点要识记和区分一些特殊动词。如哪些动词后跟动词不定式作宾语，哪些动词后跟动名词作宾语；哪些动词后根省to或带to不定式作宾补，哪些动词后跟现在分词作宾补等。动词不定式时态和语态关键要搞清不定式所表示动作和句子谓语动词所表示动作时间先后次序以及动词不定式和句子主语、宾语或所修饰词关系。第31页See you next time!第32页