1、动词不定式基本使用方法归动词不定式基本使用方法归纳纳第1页 一、动词不定时形式v必定式:必定式:to do sth v否定式:否定式:not to do sth.v 被动式:被动式:to be done v完成式:完成式:to have done 第2页1.作主语A.动词不定式作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。动词不定式作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。如:如:(1)To see is to believe.(2)To master English gives us much help in the study of sience.B.不定式或不定式短语作主语时,惯用不定式或不定式短语作主语时,惯用it作
2、形作形式主语,组成式主语,组成“It is+形容词形容词(+for sb.)不定式不定式”结构。结构。It is impossible for him to give up smoking.二、动词不定式使用方法第3页2.作宾语A动词后直接不定式作宾语动词有许多,如动词后直接不定式作宾语动词有许多,如want,decide,intend,fail,wish,export,pretend,choose等等。等等。I mean to go there at once.B.不定式短语作宾语时,假如还带有宾语补足语,不定式短语作宾语时,假如还带有宾语补足语,往往把不定式短语放在宾补之后,而用往往把不定
3、式短语放在宾补之后,而用it作形式作形式宾语。句型为宾语。句型为“主语主语+find(feel,think,believe,consider,etc)+it+形容词形容词/名词名词+to do sth”。I think it necessary to report the thing to the teacher.I find it interesting to work with him.第4页C动词不定式还能够用作介词宾语,但仅限于动词不定式还能够用作介词宾语,但仅限于介词介词except和和but(除了)。(除了)。v惯用句型有:惯用句型有:There is nothing to do
4、but+动词原形动词原形do nothing but+动词(除做动词(除做.之外别无选择)之外别无选择)can but+动词原形动词原形(只能原形(只能原形(“只有做只有做)have no choice but to do,只好),只好)cannot help/choose but+动词原形动词原形(不能不不能不)第5页3作表语和宾语不足语v动词不定式作表语,一是主语有不定式充当;二是主语由抽象名词充当。To teach is to learn.My job is to help the patient.【注意】假如在主语中(通常在主语从句或修饰主语定语从句中)又实意动词do时,作表语动词不定
5、式省略to。All I want to do now(What I want to do now)is fill my stomach.第6页4 4作宾语补足语作宾语补足语【注意】在感官动词(【注意】在感官动词(see,hear,feel,listen to,notice,watch,observe等)和使役动词(等)和使役动词(let,have,make)后补足语中,不定式不带)后补足语中,不定式不带to。但这类。但这类句子变成被动语态时,必须带句子变成被动语态时,必须带to。I saw him play in the park.He was seen to play in the park
6、.The boss made those men work day and night.Those men were made to work day and night.第7页5.定语1、不定式与被修饰名词往往组成逻辑上关系。如名词、不定式与被修饰名词往往组成逻辑上关系。如名词为不定式逻辑主语,组成主谓关系;为不定式逻辑主语,组成主谓关系;若名词为逻辑若名词为逻辑宾语,则组成动宾关系;宾语,则组成动宾关系;He is not a man to tell lies.There will not be enough space to stand in on the earth 2、作定语不定式与
7、所修饰名词之间是动宾关系,、作定语不定式与所修饰名词之间是动宾关系,不不定式动词又是不及物动词时,应在该动词上加上一定式动词又是不及物动词时,应在该动词上加上一个介词,如个介词,如;He has a nice pen to write with.He is looking for a room to live in.He is said the best way to travel by is on foot.第8页6.作状语不定式作状语时,可表示目标,原因,结果或条件。不定式作状语时,可表示目标,原因,结果或条件。如如;Im very glad to hear the news.(原因(原因
8、)不定式作目标状语时,常可与不定式作目标状语时,常可与to,to order to,so as to 连用。连用。He got up early so as not to be late.不定式能够跟在表语形容词之后作状语。不定式能够跟在表语形容词之后作状语。The question is difficult to answer.。有些不定式短语能够做独立成份,通常放在句首,有些不定式短语能够做独立成份,通常放在句首,有时置于句中或句未,须用逗号开。有时置于句中或句未,须用逗号开。第9页不定式作结果状语惯用以下句型 Too+形容词形容词/副词副词+to do sth 名词名词/形容词形容词/副词副词+enough+to do sth enough+名词名词+to do sth such+(形容词)名词(形容词)名词+as to do sth so+形容词形容词/副词副词+as to do sth【注意】不定式作状语,其逻辑主语与句子主【注意】不定式作状语,其逻辑主语与句子主语必须一致。语必须一致。第10页