动词不定式专题复习课件省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

T h e I n f i n i t i v eT h e I n f i n i t i v e 动词不定式第1页 动词不定式组成：动词不定式组成：必定式：必定式：to+动词原形动词原形否定式：否定式：not to+动词原形动词原形 复合结构复合结构:for sb.to do第2页动词不定式使用方动词不定式使用方法法动词不定式可充当句子成份：动词不定式可充当句子成份：主语主语 宾语宾语 定语定语 表语表语 状语状语 宾语补足语宾语补足语 注：动词不定式不能作谓语注：动词不定式不能作谓语 第3页A.不定式作主语不定式作主语（一定要带（一定要带to,to,谓语动词要用单数）谓语动词要用单数）Toplayvideogameisfun.TolearnEnglishwellisimportant.不定式作主语时，惯用不定式作主语时，惯用itit作形式主语，而将真正作形式主语，而将真正主语即动词不定式放在句末，组成固定句型。主语即动词不定式放在句末，组成固定句型。第4页It isn.(for sb.)to do sth.用于此句型名词有:pity,shame,pleasure,onesduty,onesjob,fun,joy,goodmanners,badmanners等。It takes sb.some timeto do sth.该句型意为“做某事花费某人多长时间”。Its+adj.+（for/of sb.)+to do sth.该句型意为“做某事对某人来说是”。不定式作主语惯用句型不定式作主语惯用句型:第5页1.Itscleverofyoutorefuseher.2.Itwascarelessofherofhertomakesuchamistake.3.Itsverykindofyoutohelpus.1.Itsnecessaryforyoutogiveupsmoking.2.Itseasyformetodothat.3.Itsveryhardforhimtostudytwolanguages.形容词为描述人品质词形容词为描述人品质词,使用使用of。（。（形容词修饰不定式时用介词for.形容词修饰逻辑主语时用介词of.）good,kind,nice,clever,foolish,right,honest,careful,polite,wrong,bad,foolish,careless。for sb./of sb.区分区分用介词后面代词作主语，用介词前边形容词作表语，造个句子。假如道理用介词后面代词作主语，用介词前边形容词作表语，造个句子。假如道理上通顺用上通顺用of，不通则用，不通则用for。1.Itsveryniceofyoutosayso.Youarenice.(通顺，所以应用of)2.ItshardforhimtofinishtheprojectbyhimselfHeishard.(人是困难，不通，所以应用for)第6页不定式像名词一样，能够放在不定式像名词一样，能够放在bebe动词后面。动词后面。1.MywishistovisitLondonnextyear.2.TomsideaistogotoForestParktohaveapicnic.3.Theimportantthingistosavelives.4.Mywishistowriteagoodbookforchildren.5.Ourworkistobuildthehighway.6.MyjobistoteachEnglish.7.Myideaistoclimbthemountainfromthenorthtoclimbthemountainfromthenorth.8.Mysuggestionistostartworkatoncetostartworkatonce.B.不定式作表语不定式作表语ones wish/job/aim/goal/ambition/plan/dream/way/work/hope/duty/idea/suggestion is to do/be第7页(1)Ihopetobeadoctor.(2)Shedecidedtomakeanothertry.(3)Theyallwanttoseethefilm.(4)Wehopetobebackhomeat6:00.(5)Freddidnthaveanymoney,sohedecidedtolookforajob.常见能跟带常见能跟带to不定式动词及短语：不定式动词及短语：want/wish/hope/decide/learn/plan/wouldlike/getreadytodoC.不定式作宾语不定式作宾语第8页e.g.I find it difficult to understand him.We thought it wrong not to help her.They found it impossible to get everything ready in time.it作形式宾语，而将真正宾语动词不定式置于句末。作形式宾语，而将真正宾语动词不定式置于句末。sb.believe/think/consider/feel/make/find+it+adj.+to do sth.第9页1.Idontknowwheretogo.2.Hedidntknowwhattodo./howtodoit.3.Canyoutellmehowtogetthere?4.Icantdecidewhichtochoose.5.Theteachershowedushowtouseacomputer.“疑问词疑问词+不定式不定式”结构能够转换为从句形式结构能够转换为从句形式1）IdontknowwhereIwillgo.2）Hedidntknowwhathewoulddo/howhecoulddoit.3）CanyoutellmehowIcangetthere.4）IcantdecidewhichIwillchoose.5)Theteachershowedushowwecoulduseacomputer.不定式与疑问词连用，组成不定式短语，作宾语不定式与疑问词连用，组成不定式短语，作宾语第10页1.Wehavecometolearnfromyou.2.Igotupearlytocatchthebus.3.Theboyisoldenoughtogotoschool.4.Hewastooexcitedtosayaword.5.Shewassurprisedtohearthenews.6.Imgladtomeetyou.D.不定式作状语不定式作状语不定式结构可以作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词等，表示目、原因、结果等。表示目表示表示原因原因原因原因表示表示结果结果结果结果 第11页表示目：Hecameherejusttoaskmesomequestions.Heboughtabicycletogototownmorequickly.Hewenthometoseehismother.HecamehereinordertoseeCharlie.Heshoutedandwavedsoastobenoticed.Hewentearlyinordernottomissthetrain.Iturnedtheradiodownsoasnottodisturbhim.为了强调表示目标不定式结构，通常能够用为了强调表示目标不定式结构，通常能够用in order(not)to 或或 so as(not)to (so as to 不能放在句首）不能放在句首）能够和能够和so that引导目标状语从句转换。引导目标状语从句转换。Mr Li got up early so tht he could catch the early bus.Mr Li got up early so as/in order to catch the early bus.第12页表示结果：表示结果：普通用在普通用在enough to,tooto 等结构中等结构中,能够和能够和sothat引引导结果状语从句转换导结果状语从句转换1.He ran fast enough to catch up with them.2.He is too young to go to school.3.She was too excited to say a word.Heransofastthathecaughtupwiththem.Heissoyoungthathecantgotoschool.Heisntoldenoughtogotoschool.Shewassoexcitedthatshecouldntsayaword.第13页表示原因：表示原因：be+adj（glad.sorry.sure.happy.afraid.surprised等表情感形容词后）+todosth.第14页以下动词用不定式作宾语补足语时，带以下动词用不定式作宾语补足语时，带以下动词用不定式作宾语补足语时，带以下动词用不定式作宾语补足语时，带toto：ask/tell/order/want/invite/allow/like/warn/encourage/teachwouldlikesbtodo1.Mymotheralwayslikesmetogetupearly.2.LucyoftenteachesmetolearnEnglish.3.Shedoesntwanthertoattendthemeeting.4.Iaskedhimtoshowmethenewdictionary.5.Sheaskedmetostaythere.6.PleaseallowmetointroduceMr.Whitetoyou.E.不定式作宾语补足语不定式作宾语补足语第15页以以下下动动词词用用不不定定式式作作宾宾语语补补足足语语时时，必必须须省省去不定式符号去不定式符号to：e.g.1.Heobservedsomeoneopenthedoor.2.Iwatchedthemgetintothecar.3.Didyounoticehimleavetheroom?学会记忆学会记忆:作宾补不带作宾补不带to.一感：一感：feel二听：二听：hear,listen to三使役三使役/让：让：let,make,have五看：五看：see,watch,look at,observe,notice可带可不带可带可不带to：help第16页总结:省省to 不定式不定式1）情态动词(除ought外，oughtto)：2）使役动词let,have,make3）感官动词see,watch,lookat,notice,observe,hear,listento,smell,feel,find等后作宾补,省略to。4）wouldrather，hadbetter5）Whydontyou/whynot：6）help可带to，也可不带to,helpsb.(to)dosth.7)hadbetter(not)8)Will/Wouldyouplease?第17页1.I have a lot of homeworkto do.to do.2.Do you have anythingto say?to say?3.My father has something importantto tell me.to tell me.4.Would you like somethingto drink?to drink?5.Here is a book for youto read.to read.6.I have no timeto talk with her.to talk with her.7.He needs a roomto live in.to live in.8.He was always the lastto leave.to leave.9.Betty was the firstto know the truth.to know the truth.10.She usually has a lot of meetings to attendto attend in the evening.11.I want to get something to readto read during the vocation.F.不定式作定语不定式作定语不定式作定语不定式作定语时，通常总是以短语形式在句中出现，时，通常总是以短语形式在句中出现，所以作定语时所以作定语时要放在它所修饰名词或代词之后要放在它所修饰名词或代词之后。第18页不定式与所修饰词组成动宾关系时，假如不定式是不定式与所修饰词组成动宾关系时，假如不定式是不不不不及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词，它后面应加上对应它后面应加上对应介词介词介词介词1.The nurse has five children to look afterafter.2.Lets first find a room to put the things inin.3.Please pass me some paper to write on.4.Theres nothing for us to worry about.5.She has a nice pen to write with.6.He bought a flat for the family to live in.第19页e.g.He is the only person to know the truth.She is always the first to come and the last to leave.当名词被当名词被the first,the last,the only 等序数词以及形容词最等序数词以及形容词最高级修饰时，惯用不定式作定语。高级修饰时，惯用不定式作定语。the first,the last,the next,the only to do sth第20页注意注意作简短回答或防止无须要重复时，动词不定式经常作简短回答或防止无须要重复时，动词不定式经常省去省去to 后面后面动词，只动词，只保留保留to。A:Would you like to come to my party?Mary wanted to use my bike,but I asked her not to(use my bike).B:Yes,Id love to(come to your party).第21页Ex：1.To do that sort of thing is foolish.2.I want to see you this evening.3.The work you have to do now is to finish it quickly.4.We found a house to live in.5.She came here to study English.6.I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation.主语主语 宾语宾语表语表语 定语定语 状语状语 宾补宾补第22页不定式短语whatwhowhichhow +不定式不定式whenwhere用于tell,teach,how,wonder,learn,show,findout,ask,understand,explain之后，在句中作主语、宾语、表语。第23页作宾语Idontknowhowtodoit.wheretogo.whattosay.whentobegin.whichbustotake.第24页做主语Howtodoitisveryimportant.WheretogoWhattosayWhentobegin第25页作表语Thequestionishowtodoit.wheretogetit.whattosay.第26页1.Thankyouforussowell.A.toteachB.teachesC.taughtD.teaching2.IoftendosomeonSundays.A.washedB.towashC.washingD.washes3.TheboyJackinClassOneismybrother.A.callB.tobecalledC.callingD.called4.Itoftentakesmehalfanhourhome.A.WalkingB.towalkC.walkedD.walks5.Dontforgethercleanwatereveryday.A.togiveB.givingC.givenD.give第27页6.IthinkitisimportantEnglishwell.A.learningB.learnC.tolearnD.learned7.Thefunnystorymadeusallhard.A.laughB.tolaughC.laughingD.laughed8.Ourteachertoldushardatourlessons.A.toworkB.workC.workingD.worked第28页9.Couldyoutellmethisnewspaper?A.toreadhowB.howtoreadC.whattoreadD.whatread10.Idontknownext.A.whattodoB.whattodoitC.howtodoD.tohowdoit11.Myhairistoolong,soImusthaveitthisafternoon.A.cutB.cutsC.cuttingD.cutted12.Rememberlastforclassagain.AA.nottoB.benottoC.nottobeD.nottocome13.Mr.Smithaskedthemanthequeue.A.notjumpB.didntjumpC.nottojumpD.tonotjump第29页14.Whynotwithus?Yousee,itsvery.A.go;interestedB.go;interestingC.togo;interestedD.going;interesting15.Whatabouttothecinematonight?-Thatsagoodidea.Idlikewithyou.A.going;goingB.togo;togoC.going;togoD.go;going16.Everyonehereisbusyreadforthecomingentrancetests.A.getB.togetC.gettingD.gets第30页17.Weveworkedfortwohours.Letsarest.A.stoptohaveB.stophavingC.tostoptohaveD.stoppinghaving18.Wouldyoumindmeafavour（恩惠）？A.doB.togoC.doingD.did19.Mr.Wangaskedmehim.A.helpB.helpsC.tohelpD.helping20.PleasetellJimnotlateagain.A.toB.beC.tobeD.beto第31页23.Pleasedontforgettome,willyou?A.towriteB.writingC.write22.Theboywantshisfatheraquestionaboutthemoon.A.askingB.toaskC.askD.asked21.MissYangaskedtheboy,thebabywassleepingintheroom.A.tostoptosingB.tostopsingingC.stopsingingD.stoptosing第32页25.Itsaboutsixoclock,Letssuppernow.A.stophavingB.tostophavingC.stoptohaveD.tostoptohave26.Wedbetterontheroad.Acarmayhitus.A.nottoplayB.notplayC.tonotplayD.dontplay24.MotherdecidedTomawayfromschool.A.tokeepnotB.keepnotC.nottokeepD.notkeep第33页A.29.Ioftenseethemwithsomeforeigners.A.talkB.totalkC.talkingD.talked30.Hesayslifewontbeworthwithoutlove.A.liveB.livingC.livingD.tolive27.LiuMeihelpedtheTurnerstheirticketsonthetrain.A.pickB.lookupC.pickupD.looklike28.Ioftenseethemwithsomeforeigners.A.talkB.totalkC.talkingD.talked第34页1.31.ThismorningIsawamanonthestreetonmyway.A.lives;thereB.lived;toschoolC.lying;toschoolD.tolie;home.32.Hehasgivenuptennissincehewasill.A.playB.toplayC.playingD.plays33.-willyoucometothenetbarwithme?-sorry,Mymotheralwaystellsmethere.A.notgoB.nottogoC.goD.togo第35页34._DoyoustillremembermesomewhereBeijing?-Yes,ofcourse.Twoyearsago.A.toseeB.seeC.seeingD.saw35.Parentsmustwarntheirchildren_.A.toplaywithfireB.nottoplaywithfireC.ofplayingfireD.playingfire1.第36页