定语从句完整课件省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

第1页需要掌握知识：1.定义2.关系词分类及使用方法3.that 和which使用方法比较4.特殊定语从句第2页Attributive Clause（定语从句）一：概念在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词从句叫做定语从句.被修饰名词或代词叫先行词。He is an English teacher who likes singing songs.定语从句先行词引导词引导词关系代词关系代词:who whom that which whose关系副词关系副词:where when why第3页二：引导词通常有三个作用：二：引导词通常有三个作用：1.引导定语从句；引导定语从句；2.指代先行词；指代先行词；3.在定语从句中充当句子成份。在定语从句中充当句子成份。The book that you referred to is mine.第4页1.The girl _ is sitting in the chair is a good singer.2.The skirt _(_ Mary bought two years ago is old.3.Is this the novel _ you introduced to me?4.Where is the boy _ broke the window?5.Luckily none of the people_I know were killed in the earthquake.who/thatwhich/that)(that/which)who/that(that/whom)第5页注意：注意：1 1 关系代关系代词词和关系副和关系副词词在定在定语语从句中都要从句中都要 充充当当句子成份句子成份。2 2 当当关关系系代代词词充充当当动动词词和和介介词词宾宾语语时时可可省省略略，但但假假如如介介词词提提前前话话，不不能能够够用用that,that,而而且且不不能能够够省略。省略。3 3 定定语语从句中从句中谓语动词谓语动词要和先行要和先行词词保持一致保持一致注意：注意：one of+one of+名名词词复数复数the only/the just/the very+one of+the only/the just/the very+one of+名名词词复数。复数。4 4 定定语语从句分从句分为为限制性和非限制性两种。限制性和非限制性两种。5 5 非限制性定非限制性定语语从句中关系从句中关系词词不能不能够够省略。省略。第6页关系代词功效：关系代词功效：Who 指人做主语指人做主语Whom 指人作宾语指人作宾语That 指人也指物，做主语也做宾语指人也指物，做主语也做宾语Which 指物，做主语也做宾语指物，做主语也做宾语Whose 指人也指物，做定语，强调所属指人也指物，做定语，强调所属 关系关系When 指时间，做时间状语指时间，做时间状语Where 指地点，做地点状语指地点，做地点状语Why 指原因，做原因状语指原因，做原因状语第7页例例 1.The man _ gave you the talk yesterday is our teacher.that/who指人:that/who(主语)那个站在树底下女生是我同桌。那个站在树底下女生是我同桌。那个曾经伤了我自尊男生在那边。那个曾经伤了我自尊男生在那边。The girl who/that is standing under the tree is my deskmate.The boy who/that hurt my pride once is over there.第8页例2:The boy_ the nurse is looking after is my friend.(whom/that)指人:whom/that(宾语,可省略)你所提到那个老师已经退休。你所提到那个老师已经退休。你所关心那个男生犟得像头驴。你所关心那个男生犟得像头驴。The teacher(that/whom)you referred to has retired.The boy(that/whom)you cared about is as stubborn as a donkey.第9页例3:The car_ is red was damaged yesterday.that/which指物:that/which(主语)属于我那本书很珍贵。属于我那本书很珍贵。正在被建造学校是我们新学校。正在被建造学校是我们新学校。The book which/that belongs to me is valuable.The school which/that is being repaired is our new school.第10页例4:The question_ I dont understand is about grammar.(that/which)指物:that/which(宾语,可省略)我所喜欢科目是地理。我所喜欢科目是地理。我不擅长语法是定语从句。我不擅长语法是定语从句。The subject(that/which)I am fond of is geography.The grammar(that/which)I am not good at is the attributive clause.第11页1.正在打篮球正在打篮球男生们来自一年级。男生们来自一年级。The boys are from Grade One.who/that are playing basketball2.照料我姐姐护士很善良。照料我姐姐护士很善良。The nurse is kind.who/that looks after my sister第12页We watched the play“Teahouse”which/that was written by Lao She.3.我们观看那部戏是由老舍写茶馆。我们观看那部戏是由老舍写茶馆。4.你昨天所见那个年轻人是个著名作家。你昨天所见那个年轻人是个著名作家。The young man(whom/that)you saw yesterday is a famous writer.第13页5.一听到那个消息，那个名字叫一听到那个消息，那个名字叫Tom男生刚才潸然泪男生刚才潸然泪下。下。6.封皮是蓝色那本书不见了。封皮是蓝色那本书不见了。7.这就是我出生村庄。这就是我出生村庄。8.我永远不会忘记我哥哥从军那一天。我永远不会忘记我哥哥从军那一天。9.你相信他迟到理由吗？你相信他迟到理由吗？5.At the sound of the news,the boy whose name is Tom burst into tears just now.6.The book whose cover is blue is missing.7.This is the village where I was born.8.I will never forget the day when my brother joined the army.9.Do you believe the reason why he was late?第14页1.Whose在在引引导导定定语语从从句句时时，用用作作定定语语。指人时：指人时：=the+n+of whom =of whom+the+n指物时：指物时：=the+n+of which =of which+the+n第15页 Do you know the man whose name is Wang Yu?Do you know the man the name of whom/of whom the name is Wang Yu?Mary lives in the house whose roof is red.Mary lives in the house the roof of which/of which the roof is red.第16页1.The student _father works in the factory is sitting there.2.I like the rooms _windows face south.3.This is the desk _legs were broken.请问同学们：你能用别方式改写吗？whosewhosewhose第17页1.Yesterday she talked with one woman _ husband died in that accident.A.which B.whose C.of which D.thatB2.Last week，we watched Beijing Opera，_ style was unfamiliar to most of us.Awhat BwhichCwhere DwhoseD第18页3.Many children，_ parents are away working in big cities，are taken good care of in the village.Atheir BwhoseCof them Dwith whomB第19页2.2.只用只用WhichWhich引导定语从句。引导定语从句。常规情况下：常规情况下：whichwhich在从句做在从句做主语主语或或宾语，但宾语，但介词提前时，只用介词提前时，只用whichwhich。The building which/that stands near the river is our school.(主语）主语）This is the book(which/that)you want.（宾语）（宾语）The room in which there is a machine is a workshop.（宾语）（宾语）第20页 注意：注意：whom,which 作介词宾语时，介词普通可放作介词宾语时，介词普通可放在关系代词之前，也可放在原来位置上；不过在在关系代词之前，也可放在原来位置上；不过在含有含有介词动词固定词组介词动词固定词组中，介词只能放在原来位中，介词只能放在原来位置上。置上。This is the person whom you are looking for.第21页 which还能够引导非限制性定语从句，还能够引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子或者某个词。指代前面整个句子或者某个词。1.I have lost my pen,which I like very much.2.She was awarded a gold medal,which the whole family considered a great honor.3.She is always late for class,which makes the teacher angry.第22页3 3、由、由thatthat引导定语从句。引导定语从句。常规情况下：常规情况下：that在从句中能够指在从句中能够指人或物人或物，在从句中做主，在从句中做主语或宾语。语或宾语。但：但：1.that不能放在介词后面作介词宾语。不能放在介词后面作介词宾语。This is the school in that you will study.()This is the school in which you will study.()This is the school(which/that)you will study in.()2.that也不能够引导非限制性定语从句。也不能够引导非限制性定语从句。第23页1.We went to Mountain Tai last weekend，_，not surprisingly，was crowded with visitors.Athat BwhichCwhere DWhen2.There are altogether fiftysix students in our class，_ is a new comer from a faraway mountain village.Athe most hardworking of who Bof whom the most hardworkingCthe most hardworking of them Dbut the most hardworking of whomBB第24页注意注意 在下面几个情况下必须用在下面几个情况下必须用that引导定语从句。引导定语从句。先行词是不定代词先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,something,all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything nothing,anything 等。等。All that we have to do is to practise every day.Something that we heard was of great truth.当先行词是当先行词是all,everybody,nobody,anybody等不定等不定代词时，如关系代词在从句中当主语，则优先选取代词时，如关系代词在从句中当主语，则优先选取who连接主从句。连接主从句。Anybody who refused to bow was thrown into prison without trial.Everybody who were willing to see the film signed their names here.第25页 先行词被序数词、先行词被序数词、the last或形容词最高级所或形容词最高级所修饰。修饰。The first thing that I learned will never be forgotten.This is the most interesting film that I have ever seen.先行词被先行词被all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some等修饰。等修饰。I have read all the books that you gave me.第26页 先行词被先行词被the only,the very 修饰。修饰。This is the very pen that I am looking for.He is the only person that I want to talk to.先行词现有些人又有物时。先行词现有些人又有物时。They talked of things and persons that they remembered.第27页 当句中已经有当句中已经有who who 或或whichwhich时，为防止重复。时，为防止重复。Who is the man that is talking to John?Which is the book(that)you want?如有两个定语从句，其中一个已经用了如有两个定语从句，其中一个已经用了which/whowhich/who，则另一个用，则另一个用that.that.第28页Edison built a factory which produced things that had never been seen.I met the poet who wrote the poem that is popular.8.当先行词在主句中作表语，引导词在定当先行词在主句中作表语，引导词在定语从句中做表语时。语从句中做表语时。China is no longer the country _it used to be.=China is no longer what it used to be.that第29页(衡水中学衡水中学)They went on well at first but eventually everything _ they had worried about happened.Awhich Bwhat Cthat DWhen(南昌调研南昌调研)You can only be sure of all _ you have at present；you cannot be sure of something _ you might get in the future.Athat;what Bthat;/Cwhich;that Dwhat;thatCB第30页(宁波联考宁波联考)Do you agree with her ideas at the meeting?Absolutely，what shes just said is the very idea _ I want to express.Athat BwhatCwhich DWhy He talked a lot about things and persons _ they remembered in the school.Awhich BthatCwhom DwhatAB第31页5.When/where/why引导定语从句：引导定语从句：当先行词为指时间，地点，原因名词时，在当先行词为指时间，地点，原因名词时，在从句中做状语时，要用关系副词从句中做状语时，要用关系副词when/where/why.但一定要认真分析句子成但一定要认真分析句子成份。份。Life is like a long race _ we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.Awhy BwhatCthat DwhereD第32页1.I have reached a point in my life _ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.Awhich BwhereChow DWhy2.Its helpful to put children in a situation _ they can see themselves differently.Athat BwhenCwhich DwhereBD第33页(锦州二模锦州二模)So you know Della?Yes，it was last week _ I surfed the Internet.Athat BwhenCsince Dbefore A book office is a place where tickets are sold.此句能够改为：A book office is a place in which tickets are sold.所以定语从句中关系副词where=介词介词+which.B第34页This is the house where he lives.=This is the house _he lives.=This is the house _he lives in.in which(which/that)I still remember the year when we studied together.=I still remember the year in which we studied together.=I still remember the year(which/that)we studied in together.第35页Do you know the reason why I left early?Do you know the reason _I left early?但假如关系词在从句中不是作状语，而是作宾语时仍用that/which.The reason _ he gave us was unacceptable.Is this the reason that/which he told you?Is this the reason why he was late for class?(for which)for whichthat/which第36页关系代词和关系副词选取。关系代词和关系副词选取。在定语从句中到底选取关系代词还是关系副词要看在定语从句中到底选取关系代词还是关系副词要看它们在从句中所它们在从句中所充当句子成份充当句子成份来决定，有时同一个来决定，有时同一个先行词往往关系词却不一样。先行词往往关系词却不一样。1.This is the factory which/that produces TV sets.This is the factory where my father once worked.(in which)2.Ill never forget the day that/which we spent together in the countryside.Ill never forget the day when his house was broken into.(on which)第37页问题：问题：1.是不是先行词为时间名词，地点名词，原因名词，是不是先行词为时间名词，地点名词，原因名词，就一定选择关系副词：就一定选择关系副词：when,where,why?2.请问关系副词和关系代词转换是什么样地？请问关系副词和关系代词转换是什么样地？This is the village_I was born in.This is the village _ I was born.This is the village in _ I was born.I dont believe the reason_ he was late.I dont believe the reason _he mentioned just now.I will never forget the day_ I joined the League.I will never forget the day_ we spent together.I will forget the day _you came to this school.Which/thatwherewhichwhyThat/whichwhenThat/whichwhen第38页当先行词为当先行词为way时，定语从句关系词能够有时，定语从句关系词能够有三种情况三种情况:?I dont like the way you talked to your mother.（choose the one that is not proper for this blank）A.that B.which C.in which D./Our chemistry teacher announced that he would do the experiment in a different way _ we might find interesting.Awhich Bin which Cin that DwhatBA第39页 在在 Its time Its time 句型中，后面从句也能够看成是定语从句，句型中，后面从句也能够看成是定语从句，通常有下面几个句型。通常有下面几个句型。It is(high/about)time that 主语主语+谓语（谓语（should+v）/过去式过去式 It is the first time that 主语主语+谓语谓语 (现在完成时现在完成时)It was the first time that+主语主语+谓语（过去完成时）谓语（过去完成时）It is high time that I _to do the physics homework.A.go B.wentC.shall go D.have gone It is the first time _ he has been here.A.thatB.whenC.at whichD.whichBA第40页定语从句主谓一致问题：定语从句主谓一致问题：1.定语从句中，关系代词在从句中作主语时，其后定语从句中，关系代词在从句中作主语时，其后谓语动词人称和数要与先行词保持一致。谓语动词人称和数要与先行词保持一致。Here is a letter from Mr Brown,who _ to come to Paris.(want)I,who _ your friend,will try my best to help you when you are in trouble.(be)Those who_late for the meeting shall be punished.(be)wantsamare第41页2.one of+复数名词复数名词+who/which/that+复数复数谓语谓语 the(only)one of+复数名词复数名词+who/which/that+单数单数谓语谓语She is one of the students who _ praised at the meeting yesterday.A.was B.were C.isD.areHe is the only one of the students who _a winner of scholarship for three years.A.is B.areC.have beenD.has beenBD第42页as引导定语从句引导定语从句:as用作关系代词和关系副词引导限制性定语从用作关系代词和关系副词引导限制性定语从句，并在从句中做主语、表语和状语，组成句，并在从句中做主语、表语和状语，组成the same as,such as等结构。等结构。I want to have such a dictionary as he has.I shall do it in the same way as you did.I like the same book as you do.请问：请问：the sameas与与the samethat区分？区分？Suchas与与suchthat区分？区分？第43页Suchas-“像。那样像。那样”as引导定语从句，引导定语从句，从句不完整，从句不完整，as要在从句中充当主语或宾语。要在从句中充当主语或宾语。Suchthat-”如此。以至于如此。以至于”that引导结果状引导结果状语从句，从句完整，语从句，从句完整，that不充当任何成份。不充当任何成份。This is such a difficult problem _ all of us cant work it out.This is such a difficult problem _ all of us cant work out.This is such a big watermelon _ I bought it at once.This is such a big watermelon _ I bought yesterday.thatasthatas第44页I have bought the same watch_you have.Athat BwhichCas DWhoseHis stocks are sold at such a low price _ he didnt expect.Aas Bthat Cwhen DwhichCA第45页 as引导非限制性定语。能够放在主句之前、引导非限制性定语。能够放在主句之前、惯用于这种类似插入语句式有惯用于这种类似插入语句式有As is said above,As is already mentioned above,As is known to all,As it is,As is often the case,As is reported in the newspaper第46页(云云南南昆昆明明质质检检)_is generally the case，those who care for the weakest members of society are respected.AWhich BThatCWhat DAs(常常德德测测试试卷卷)_ is reported in the newspaper，people in Sichuan Province are recovering from the terrible disaster and living a normal life.AIt BAsCThat DWhatDB第47页注意：在引导非限制订语从句时注意：在引导非限制订语从句时which 和和 as 区分是：区分是：which不能放在句首，而不能放在句首，而as则能够；则能够；在句中时，在句中时，as有有“正如正如”、“就像就像”之之意，而意，而which 表示表示“这一点这一点”有因果关系有因果关系或者从句是否定句。或者从句是否定句。第48页(西城西城)The project turned out to be very good，_was more than we could expect.Awhat BthatCwhich DThis他再次迟到，这一点让他班主任很生气。他再次迟到，这一点让他班主任很生气。He was late again,which made his teacher very angry.C第49页介词+关系代词小试一下This is the girl _I learned the news.We are looking for the person_ the book belongs.He is the man _ house the pictures were stolen.He stood near the window,_ he could see the whole garden.同学们，你们发觉什么方法？From whichTo whomFrom whoseFrom where第50页1.This is the house _ my grandfather once lived.2.The film _ Im speaking is to be shown next week.3.This is the man _I learn the news.(苏、锡、常、镇四市联考苏、锡、常、镇四市联考)He didnt put the things _ they belonged，for _ reason he got his punishment.Awhich;that Bwhat;thatCthat;whose Dwhere;whichIn whichOf whichFrom whichD第51页三三、“介介词词关关系系代代词词(which/whom/whose)”引导定语从句引导定语从句1关关系系代代词词选选取取：关关系系代代词词指指人人时时，只只可可用用whom；关关系系代代词词指指物物时时，只只可可用用which。The rich，for _ money was not a problem，wanted to stay at an expensive hotel.Atheir BthemCwhose DwhomD第52页1.依据与定语从句中动词搭配来确定介词Water is the natural medium _fish live.2.依据与定语从句中形容词搭配来确定介词。Physics is the subject in our school_every student is interested.3.依据与先行词搭配来确定介词。I know a wood _ you can find roses.4.依据句意来确定介词。This is the book _ I got the story.怎样确定介词？In whichIn whichIn whichFrom which第53页(长长郡郡中中学学)It was surprising to see all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma，_ turned up a rare rainbow soon.Aof which Bwhere Cfrom which Dabove which (贵贵港港监监测测)The film _ I am speaking is to be shown at the Peoples Cinema.Ato which Bwith whichCof which Don whichDC第54页(陕陕西西重重点点联联考考)The position，however，_ you are applying，is not quite a wellpaid one.Athat BwhichCfor which Dto which(浙浙江江五五校校联联考考)He came back late，_which time all the guests had already left.Aafter BbyCat DduringCB第55页依据从句中谓语动词搭配依据从句中谓语动词搭配_ I spent five Yuan._ I paid five Yuan.This is the book _ I learnt a lot._there are few new words._ Tom often talks.依据先行词搭配习惯依据先行词搭配习惯the day_ I joined the league.I still remember the days_ I lived there.the years _ I stayed there.On whichFor whichFrom whichIn whichAbout whichOn whichDuring whichIn which第56页(长长郡郡中中学学)It was surprising to see all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma，_ turned up a rare rainbow soon.Aof which Bwhere Cfrom which Dabove which D第57页(陕西重点联考)The position，however，_ you are applying，is not quite a wellpaid one.Athat BwhichCfor which Dto which(浙江五校联考)He came back late，_which time all the guests had already left.Aafter BbyCat DduringCB第58页介词+which/whom中介词确实定(3.)先行词习惯选取：也依据从句中谓语动词与先行词习惯搭配The speed _ light travels is 300,000 meters per second.The colorless gas is called oxygen,_we couldnt live._ we can rescue patients._ _fire burns much better.In whichWithout whichWith whichAt which第59页(4)介介词词关关系系代代词词前前还还可可用用some，any，none，all，both，neither，many，most，each，few等等，代代词词、名名词词或或数数词词等等组组成成复复合合介介词词短短语语。His sons，both of whom loved music v