外研版英语七年级(上册)语法总结.doc

M1语法1】Where are you from? 你来自哪里？回答：I am from Beijing. / I e from Beijing. 2】What about going swimming? 去游泳怎么样？回答： Good idea! / Sounds great!/ Great!用法：what about= How about, about 是介词， 后接动词ing.例： What about _listening_ （listen）to music?3】Everyone is here. 每个人都在这里。Everyone ：每个人，是单数， 谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。例如：Everyone _likes_(like) music.4】and/but 的用法and: 和，表示并列或顺承关系。but: 但是，表示转折关系。例如：He is from China, _but_ he isnt Chinese.5】Its nice to meet you all. 很高兴见到你们。句型： Its + 形容词+ to do sth. 例如： Its difficult _to learn_ （learn）English.6】My name is Tony Smith. My first name is _Tony_.my last name is_Smith_.7】Be 的用法1. Be 包括 is，am, are. 2. Be 搭配口诀： I 用am, you 用are, is 用于he, she, it. 单数和不可数名词用is，复数全用are.3. Be 的肯定变否定，be + not4. Be 的缩写： I am = Im ; you are = yourehe is = hes ; she is =shes ; it is =its; what is =whats5. Be 的疑问句：Be + 主语+ 其他？回答： Yes, 主语+be. / No, 主语+be not.M2语法1】What/How 引导的感叹句What + a/an + 形容词+ 名词 + （主语+谓语） != How + 形容词 / 副词+ 主语 +谓语 ！What a big family ( it is ) ! =How big the family is!What fine weather ( it is )! = How fine the weather is!2】in front of 在前面 / in the front of 在前部3】名词所有格两人共有：A and Bs + is 两人分别有： As and Bs +are 例如： Mrs Green is _A_ mother. A. Lingling and Lucys B. Linglings and Lucys C. Linglings and Lucy 4】合成词合成词变复数，一般情况，后面的单词变复数。boy student _boy students_ bus driver _bus drivers_2. 含woman 和man的合成词变复数，两个都要变复数。man teacher _men teachers_woman doctor _women doctors_5】Whats your fathers job?你的爸爸是做什么工作的？= What does your father do?= what is your father ?回答： He is a teacher.6】Beijing is the capital of China. 北京是中国的首都。China Chinese England EnglishJapan Japanese America AmericanAfrica African 7】This is a photo of my family. 这是我的一张全家照。 a photo of 的一张照片8】名词所有格有生命的： Linglings books无生命的 ： a door of classroom表示时间和距离的： two hours time我爸爸的一个朋友： a friend of my fathers 9】方位介词on the left 在左边； on the right 在右边in front of 在前面 ； next to = near 紧靠in the middle of 在中间10】She and Damings mother are at the same hospital. 她 和大明的妈妈在同一家医院工作。11】My father is a bus driver, and he works in a bus station.(职业的单词：policeman; doctor; nurse; teacher; actor; manager.)M3语法1】数字one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten.eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen , sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty.thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety, hundred. 2】Whats your classroom in England like? 你在英国的教室是什么样子的？be like = look like 看起来像3】 a lot of = lots of 许多 a lot of / lots of 后接可数名词复数时，等于many; 后接不可数名词时， 等于much.4】furniture 家具（总称）； food ; drink; information 信息，这些词都是不可数名词，用is5】some / any 一些 1. Some : 用于肯定句（表示请求和建议，希望对方肯定回答的句子）Would you like some milk? What about some milk? Can I have some milk?2. any: 用于否定句和疑问句中例如：I havent got _any_ (some/any) apples. Would you like _some_ (some/any) apples?6】on the wall / in the wall 在墙上/在墙里例如： a door is _in the wall_ a map is _on the wall_7】with / and 的区别with 和 and 都有“ 和”的意思with 强调前者。 例如： Jack with his father _goes_(go) to park.and 强调两者都。例如： Jack and his father _go_(go) to park.8】There be 句型There be 表示“有”( there is / there are ) 含义： 表示某地存在某人/某物（have： 强调某人/某物拥有） 句型： （1）肯定句 ： There is / are + 某人/某物（2）否定句 ： There isnt / arent + 某人/某物（3）疑问句： Is / Are + there + 某人/某物？ Yes, there is . / No, there isnt. Yes, there are . / No, there arent4. 就近原则： is 和are 的选择由最靠近它的名词的单复数决定。例如： There _is_ a pen and two books. There _are_ two books and a pen.M4语法1】food/drink 不可数名词（1）drink “饮料”，是不可数名词，用is（2）drink : have a drink（3）drink: “喝”， drink tea.2】too much /too many 太多（1）too much + 不可数名词（2）too many + 可数名词复数（3）much too + 形容词（ much too big）3】kind 种类（1）a kind of 一种（2）different kinds of 不同种类的（3）be kind to sb. 对某人和蔼4】health / healthy 健康/健康的（1）I t is good for your health， please keep healthy.（2）stay healthy; keep healthy; healthy food.5】a bit of一点She has _a bit of _ money. = a little6】remember 记得remember to do sth. 记得去做某事remember doing sth. 记得做过某事7】or 或者; 还是在肯定句中： 表示”或者”在否定句和疑问句中，常用or 来代替 and： I havent got a pen or a book.在并列句中：表示“否则”: Hurry up, or you will be late.8】have got/has got 句型1. 定义： 拥有。 have got = have ； has got =has2. 句型：肯定句： 主语+ have got /has got +其他否定句： 主语+ havent got /hasnt got +其他疑问句：Have /Has+ 主语+ got + 其他？回答： Yes, 主语+have/has. No, 主语+havent / hasnt.3. There be 和have got 的区别There be（某地存在某人/某物；强调存在） ；have got （某人/某物拥有.； 强调拥有）9】特问词what (什么） where (哪里） when (何时） who(谁） which (哪一个） How (方式或状态）What time (什么时刻） How old （多大）What colour (什么颜色） How often （多少次）once / twice / three times10】is good for 对有益反义词 is bad for对有害11】名词1. 可数名词-单数变复数规律：（1）一般情况：加s（2） 以s, x, ch, sh 结尾： 加es（buses , boxes, watches）（3）以“辅音+y”结尾的，变y为i, 加es. (family -families, city- cities )（4）以f/fe 结尾： 把它变成ves. (leaf-leaves, wife-wives, knife-knives)（5） 以o结尾，记口诀： (photo-photos)Negroes and heroes like potatoes and tomatoes.黑人 和 英雄 喜欢 马铃薯 和 西红柿。（6）man men; woman- women; child- children （7）oo-ee: foot-feet; tooth-teeth; goose-geese（8） 单复数同型：三人： Chinese; English; Japanese三物： fish； deer; sheep（9） 特殊单词mouse- mice ; ox- oxen; German - Germans2. 不可数名词（1）分类：液体类： water; tea; milk 等肉类： meat; fish; beef 等其他类： chocolate; bread; money; sugar; paper; work; homework; time; food; drink; furniture; information 等（2）用法1. 不可数名词，不用a/an，不加s /es 变复数2. 不可数名词，看作单数，和is 搭配3. 和 a little / little / a bit of 搭配4. 和 much 搭配M5 语法1】时间表达法12639pasttooclockhalf past1. 顺读法It s + 点钟+ 分钟2. 逆读法Its + 分钟+. + 点钟（1）小于30分钟：Its + 分钟+ past + 点钟（2）等于30 分钟：Its + half past + 点钟（3）大于30分钟： Its + （60-分钟）+to+ (点钟+1）（4）整点： Its + 点钟+ oclock（5）等于15分钟：Its + a quarter past + 点钟（6）等于45分钟： Its + a quarter to + (点钟+1）2】问时间What time is it ? = What s the time ?/回答： It s + 时刻3】because 因为用Why 来提问， 用because 来回答有because 无so, 有though 无but4】talk to / talk with 与.交谈5】start to do sth 开始去做某事 = begin to do sth 6】have 的用法have : 拥有have breakfast/ have lunch/have dinner : 吃早餐/中餐/晚餐have Chinese : 上语文课have a look : 看一看7】house / home / family 的用法house : 房子（强调建筑物）home: 家乡（带有感情色彩）family : 家庭或家人8】look / see/ watch / read 的用法look at : 看（强调动作）see: 看 (强调结果）watch : 观赏（watch TV/ watch games）read : 阅读 ( read books)9】一般现在时1. 定义表示经常或反复发生的动作2. 用法：1 表示经常发生的动作（V原 或者V三单）2 表示现在的状态（Be）3 表示客观事实或普遍真理。3. V形Be ( is /am /are ); V原 ； V三单（当主语是第三人称单数）4. 句型1.肯定句：主语+ be + 其他 主语+ V原 + 其他; 主语+ V三单+其他2.否定句：主语+be +not +其他 主语+ dont + V原+ 其他 主语 + doesnt + V原 + 其他3.疑问句: Be + 主语 + 其他？ Do + 主语 + V原 +其他？ Does + 主语 + V原 +其他？（注意： 在主+谓+宾结构中，否定句和疑问句要借助助动词do 或does,助动词do/does 后加动词原形）5. 标志词 always, usually , often, sometimes, seldom(很少）, never（从不），every day, on Mondays6. 练习题 He _plays_ (play) basketball everyday. Daming _doesnt like_( not like) art . My friends _dont e_ ( not e). _Does_ the cat _eat_( eat) fish? We always _watch_( watch ) TV.M6 语法1】such as 例如2】other 其他other animals = others 其他动物one the other 一个另一个some the others 一些另一些3】Shall we go and see them ? 我们可以去看看他们吗？ Shall we + V原型 （祈使句）4】a little /little + 不可数名词 a few / few + 可数名词复数5】as well as 并且；还 as well as = with (强调前者）例如：He as well as his father _has_( have ) lunch.6】be good at = do well in 擅长 at 和in是介词，后接动词ing。例如： He is good at _swimming_(swim) He does well in _swimming_(swim)M7语法1】connect to 把连接到2】turn on 打开; turn off 关闭 turn up 调大声； turn down 调小声 例如： Its so dark, please _turn on_ the light.3】first 第一（序数词）； one 一 （基数词） He is the _first_( one ）to e here.4】 表示顺序的词 first: 首先 next : 接下来 then: 然后 finally : 最后 5】finally 最后 _Finally_( final), you can click the mouse.6】print 打印； printer 打印机 Please use the _printer_(print)7】mouse 老鼠； 鼠标 （mice） There are some _mice_（mouse）.8】share with 与分享 9】plan 计划 Whats your plan for your summer holiday?I plan _to go_(go) to Beijing.10】sometimes 有时 例如：_C_ my mother goes to work by taxi.A. Some times B. Some time C. Sometimes 11】特殊疑问句 （1）结构： 特问词+ 一般疑问句？ （2）特问词： What( 什么） where (哪里 ) ; who (谁 ); whose (谁的 ); which（哪个）; when（何时）; how（如何，方式或状态）;What time（什么时刻）; what colour（什么颜色） How soon（多快； in an hour）; how long(多长）; how often （多少次； once; twice; three times; always） How many(问数量；可数名词） how much（问数量；不可数名词； 问价格） （3）做题方法： 根据答语选择特问词，问什么答什么 M8语法1】Would you like to e to my birthday party? 你愿意来参加我的生日聚会吗？ Would you like + sth. ? Would you like to do sth. ?回答： Yes, Id love to. / Yes, please. No, thanks. / Id love to, but例如： Would you like _to visit_( visit) the Great Wall ?2】give sth. to sb. = give sb. sth. buy sth. for sb. = buy sb. sth.3】exercise 练习 泛指练习时，是不可数名词：do some exercise特指具体的练习时，是可数名词复数： do eye exercises; do morning exercises.4】search for information 搜索信息 5】use . to do 用做6】Do you sing it in Chinese or in English?选择疑问句，问什么答什么，不能用Yes/No回答。 7】wear 穿戴 wear: 强调穿戴的状态（ wear + 衣服，帽子，眼镜，鞋子） put on : 强调穿的动作 （ Please _put on_ your coat） dress : 装扮 dress sb. ( He dresses himself )8】choose 选择 choose to do sth. 选择去做 9】paper 不可数名词，用is10】 information 不可数名词，用is 11】spend 花费 1. spend 时间或者金钱 2. 人+ spend + 时间/金钱 + on sth. 人 + spend + 时间/金钱 + (in) doing sth.例如： Its said that well have to _D_ one hour _ to Beijing.A. take; flying B. takes; to flyC. spends; to fly D. spend; flyingM9语法1】a few ; few / a little ; little 的用法2】lie 躺着； 说谎1. 躺着： lie - lying2. 说谎： tell a lie3】enjoy 享受1. enjoy doing sth.例如：They are enjoying _listening_(listen) to music.2. enjoy yourself = have a good time 玩得开心4】It s time to go back to school now. 到时间回学校了。句型： Its time to do sth.例如： Its time _to have_( have) lunch.5】moment 时刻 at the moment = at this moment= now=right now用于现在进行时6】leave 离开 leave A : 离开Aleave for A : 前往A7】get on 上车； get off 下车; get up 起床8】sleep 睡觉 go to sleep 入睡； go to bed 上床睡觉9】现在进行时： V 变Ving 1. 一般情况： 加ing2. 以e结尾：去e加ing : take- taking; make-making3. 双写末尾辅音： swim-swimming; shop-shopping; run-running; sit-sitting; put-putting;begin-beginning4.特殊： lie-lying; die-dying; tie-tying10】on the same day 在同一天11】lying in the sun 躺在阳光下12】by + 方式by bus; by email; by bikeM10语法1】happen 发生1. Whats happening to you ? 你发生了什么事？ = What s up ?= Whats the matter?= Whats wrong with you ?2. happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事例如：Mary happens _to see_( see) a cat.2】get ready for 为.做准备get ready for sth. = get ready to do sth.例如： We are getting ready for _learning_( learn) a dragon dance. = We are getting ready _to learn_( learn) a dragon dance.3】join 加入join + 人 ； join in + 活动4】put away 收拾； sweep away 扫地1.名词可以放中间或者后面put the paper away = put away the papersweep the paper away = sweep away the paper2.代词只能放中间put it away / put them awaysweep it away / sweep them away5】hurry up 快点Hurry up, or you will be late! 快点，否则你就迟到了。hurry to do sth. 匆忙去做某事6】look 看have a look 看一看； look at 看have a look at 7】mean 意味着It means + doing sth. 意味着做某事It means _learning_( learn) English is very important. 8】celebrate . with. 以.方式庆祝 学习指导参考资料