2022届高三牛津版英语一轮复习全书讲义-第二部分第六讲非谓语动词-.docx

第六讲非谓语动词一、非谓语动词作定语非谓语动词位置语态特征时态特征现在分词单个的现在分词多前置，现在分词短语一般后置doing表示主动being done表示被动。动作正在进行过去分词单个的过去分词多前置，过去分词短语常后置被动动作已经完成不定式后置to do表示主动，to be done表示被动动作尚未发生(2022高考江西卷)Dad was asleep next to her, resting his head on his arms.爸爸把他的头靠在他的胳膊上，靠着她睡觉。In some languages，100 words make up half of all words used in daily conversations.在一些语言中，100个单词占了日常对话所使用的全部单词的一半。(2021高考四川卷)The airport to be completed next year will help promote tourism in this area.明年即将竣工的机场将有助于促进这个地区旅游业的进展。温馨提示表示心理状态的动词ing形式，意为“令人的”；动词ed形式，意为“(人)感到的”，也可修饰体现内心感受的look，expression，tears，smile，voice等名词。1(2022高考重庆卷)The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras_ to our shop for quality problems.AreturningBreturnedCto returnDto be returned解析：选B。考查非谓语动词作定语。句意：生产商定期来收回那些由于质量问题而被退回到我们商店的照相机。设空处作后置定语，修饰cameras。return此处意为“退回”，cameras与return之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语，表示被动和完成的动作。2(2022高考山东卷)There is a note pinned to the door _ when the shop will open again. AsayingBsaysCsaidDhaving said 解析：选A。考查非谓语动词。句意：在门上钉着的那个便条的内容是这家商店何时再开张。首先分析句子结构可知There be句型中已经有了谓语动词is，故首先排解B项 says。然后依据语意可知所填词要作后置定语修饰note。从规律关系上看，note与say之间是主动关系，所以选A项，在此用现在分词结构作后置定语。二、非谓语动词作状语类型用法例句不定式作状语1.表示目的2.表示结果不定式作结果状语表示出乎意料的结果，动词不定式前面常加only。(2022高考湖北卷)Hes the only student in the class that has been selected to take part in the Model United Nations conference.He arrived at the station hurrily，only to be told that the tickets have none.现在分词作状语一般式doing表示动作和谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生，与句子的主语是主动关系。The house is empty except for one shelf standing in a corner.(2021高考大纲全国卷)I got to the office earlier that day，having caught the 7：30 train from Paddington.(2022高考江西卷)Having spent nearly all our money, we couldnt afford to stay at a hotel.完成式having done表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。被动式having been done表示动作发生在谓语动作之前，与句子的主语是被动关系。过去分词作状语过去分词作状语时，与句子主语之间是被动关系。Founded after the war，the hospital carries on offering good service.1(2022高考四川卷)I hope to take the computer course.Good idea._ more about it，visit this website.ATo find out BFinding out CTo be finding outDHaving found out解析：选A。考查非谓语动词。句意：我期望能参与电脑课的学习。好方法。要想了解更多，就扫瞄这个网站吧。A项为动词不定式，动词不定式放于句首，作目的状语，符合语境。B项为现在分词，现在分词放于句首，可作主语，但是不能作目的状语。C项为动词不定式的进行时态。D项为现在分词的完成时态，表示动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，均不符合语境。2(2022高考天津卷)Clearly and thoughtfully_，the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.AwritingBto writeCwrittenDbeing written解析：选C。考查非谓语动词作状语。句意：写得既清楚又有思想，这本书在那些期望寻求自己的答案的同学中激发了自信念。分析句子结构可知，句子的主语the book与write之间构成了被动关系，需要选有被动含义的选项，可在C、D两项中选择。C项表示被动和完成，依据句中同学受到了激发知write动作已经完成，所以C项符合句意；而D项是现在分词的被动形式，表示动作正在被进行，不符合句意。A项句子的主语和动词write之间为主动关系；B项是不定式，表示动作尚未发生，也不符合题意。三、非谓语动词作宾语状况常用动词只接不定式作宾语的动词hope，want，offer，long，fail，expect，wish，ask，decide，pretend，manage，agree，afford，determine，promise，happen只接动名词作宾语的动词或短语mind，miss，enjoy，imagine，practise，suggest，finish，escape，excuse，appreciate，admit，prevent，keep，dislike，avoid，risk，resist，considercant help，feel like，succeed in，be fond of，object to，get down to，be engaged in，insist on，think of，be proud of，take pride in，set about，be afraid of，be tired of，look forward to，devote oneself to，be worth，be busy，pay attention to，stick to两者都可以意义基本相同begin，start，like，love，hate，prefer，continue(接不定式多指具体的动作，接动名词多指一般或习惯行为)need，want，require(接动名词主动形式表示被动意义，若接不定式则应用被动形式)意义相反stop to do(停止手中事，去做另一件事)，stop doing(停止正在做的事)意义不同remember/forget/regret to do(指动作尚未发生)，remember/forget/regret doing(指动作已经发生)go on to do(接着做另一件事)，go on doing(接着做同一件事)try to do(设法，努力去做，尽力)，try doing(试着去做，看有何结果)mean to do(打算做，企图做)，mean doing(意思是，意味着)cant help to do(不能帮忙做)，cant help doing(忍不住要做)Bill suggested holding a meeting on what to do for the Expo during the vacation.比尔建议开一个关于假期期间为世博会做些什么的会议。I still remember being taken to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.我仍记得别人带我去过法门寺，并记得在那里所看到的一切。I remembered to lock the door before I left the office，but forgot to turn off the lights.在离开办公室前我记住了关门，但是遗忘了关灯。1(2022高考陕西卷)Its quite hot today. Do you feel like _ for a swim?Ato goBgoingCgoDhaving gone 解析：选B。考查非谓语动词作宾语。句意：今日很热。你想去游泳吗？feel like意为“想要”，后面接名词、代词或动名词。feel like doing sth.表示“想要做某事”，符合语境。D项having gone表示动作已完成，不符合语境。2(2022高考江西卷)When it comes to _ in public，no one can match him.AspeakBspeakingCbeing spokenDbe spoken解析：选B。考查非谓语动词。句意：当谈到在公共场合演讲时，没人能和他相比。做此题时可用排解法，when it comes to是固定搭配，其后接名词或动词ing形式，故排解A、D两项。空格处指“演讲”，故不用被动形式，选B项。四、非谓语动词作宾语补足语类 型常见动词与宾语的规律关系准时间例句不定式ask，beg，expect，get，order，tell，want，wish，encourage(带to)主谓关系。强调动作将发生或已经完成。I asked him to help me.我喊他挂念我。I heard him call me several times.我听见他叫了我好几次。have，notice，see，watch，hear，feel，let，make(不带to)现在分词notice，see，watch，hear，find，keep，have，feel主谓关系。强调动作正在进行，尚未完成。I found her listening to the radio.我发觉她在听收音机。过去分词动宾关系。动作已经完成，多强调状态。(2021高考北京卷)When we saw the road blocked with snow，we decided to spend the holiday at home.当看到道路被雪堵住的时候，我们打算在家里度假。1(2022高考江西卷)He is thought _foolishly.Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.Ato actBto have actedCactingDhaving acted解析：选B。考查非谓语动词作主语补足语。句意：他被认为是举止愚蠢的。失去这份工作只能怨他自己，不能怨别人。be thought后应当接不定式，act发生在think之前，故应当用不定式的完成式。2(2022高考四川卷)The manager was satisfied to see many new products _ after great effort.Ahaving developedBto developCdevelopedDdevelop解析：选C。考查非谓语动词。句意：经理很满足地看到在做出很大的努力后，很多新产品被开发出来了。分析题干可知，题干中含有“see宾语宾语补足语”结构；宾语many new products与develop之间为被动关系，故要用过去分词作宾语补足语，C项正确。五、非谓语动词作主语、表语主语动名词表示抽象的、一般的行为(2022高考江苏卷)Having a baby in her unmarried state would have brought shame on the family in China，so she probably kept my existence a secret.在中国在她未婚的状况下生孩子会给家庭带来耻辱，所以她或许保守我的存在的隐秘。不定式it常作形式主语，不定式为真正的主语To see is to believe./Seeing is believing.It is important to respect people.表语不定式表示具体的动作，特殊是将来的动作Their job is to build houses.His greatest wish was to be a famous artist.1(2022高考湖南卷)_your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.AUnderstandingBTo be understoodCBeing understoodDHaving understood解析：选A。考查非谓语动词作主语。句意：了解自己的需要和沟通的方式与学会表达自己的宠爱和情感是一样重要的。本句的主语为_ your own needs and styles of communication，非谓语动词中能作主语的只有不定式和动名词，依据句意应用主动形式，故选A，动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用单数。2(2022高考山东卷)Its standard practice for a company like this one_ a security officer.AemployedBbeing employedCto employDemploys 解析：选C。考查非谓语动词作主语。句意：对像这样的一个公司来说，雇用一个平安人员是常规做法。it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语to employ a security officer。3(2022高考福建卷)For those with family members far away，the personal computer and the phone are important in staying_AconnectedBconnectingCto connectDto be connected解析：选A。考查非谓语动词。句意：对那些与家人离得比较远的人来说，个人电脑和电话在保持联系方面很重要。本句中的关键词是stay(保持)，它是一个连系动词，后接形容词作表语。A项connected是形容词，意为“有联系的，有来往的”，符合句意。stay connected是“stay形容词化的过去分词”构成的系表结构。六、非谓语动词的时态和语态非谓语动词形式意义不定式一般式主动：to do不定式动作与谓语动作同时发生或发生在谓语动作之后。被动：to be done进行式to be doing谓语动词发生时，不定式表示的动作正在进行。完成式主动：to have done不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前。被动：to have been done动词ing形式一般式主动：doing分词动作与谓语动作(几乎)同时发生或发生在谓语动作之后。被动：beingdone完成式主动：having done表示分词动作先于谓语动作发生。被动：having been done过去分词done表示被动与完成温馨提示having been done与done作状语时没有明显区分，可互换，但having been done不能作定语。不及物动词的过去分词，只表示完成，不表示被动。(2021高考湖南卷)The sun began to rise in the sky，bathing the mountain in golden light.太阳开头在空中升起，使山峦沐浴在金色光辉之中。Having been asked to work overtime that evening，I missed a wonderful film.我那天晚上由于被要求加班而错过了一场精彩的电影。Her first novel to be published next year is based on a true story.明年即将出版的她的第一本小说是基于一个真实的故事写的。1(2022高考北京卷)There are still many problems _ before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.Asolving BsolvedCbeing solvedDto be solved解析：选D。考查非谓语动词。句意：在我们预备在月球上长住之前，还有很多问题需要解决。由there are可知设空处为非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰problems，依据时间状语从句before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon可知，动作solve发生在将来，故用不定式结构，而且problems与solve之间存在被动关系，故用不定式的被动结构。2(2022高考北京卷)The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore，he can go shopping without _ArecognizingBbeing recognizedChaving recognizedDhaving been recognized解析：选B。考查非谓语动词。句意：那位影星戴着墨镜，因此他可以在没人认出的状况下购物了。without为介词，后面接动名词形式；the film star与recognize之间存在被动关系，故用动名词的被动式，即“being done”结构。此题易误选D项，having been done为现在分词的被动式，不作介词的宾语。1(2021长沙模拟)With the bridge_next year，it will be easier to come to and go from the village.Ato buildBto be builtCbuiltDbeing built解析：选B。考查非谓语动词。句中的with短语作状语，动词build与bridge之间是动宾关系，时间状语next year表明是将来的动作，而动词不定式表示尚未发生的动作。所以选B。2(2021湖南湘潭模拟)Because of the snowstorm，we will have to put off our visit to the exhibition_till next week.Ato be heldBbeing heldCheldDhaving been held解析：选B。考查非谓语动词。依据语境“we will have to put off our visit”准时间状语“till next week”可以推断出，展览现在正在进行当中，且下周也会进行。此外，“展览”与“进行”构成规律上的动宾关系，故用现在分词的被动形式。3In the darkness，she felt_，but when she turned around，nobody was there.Ato followBfollowingCbeing followedDto be followed解析：选C。考查非谓语动词。句意：在黑暗中，她感到正在被人跟踪，但当她转过身来时，却没有人。动词follow与主语she之间存在规律上的动宾关系，故此处应用被动语态，故排解A、B项。又因语境中含有正在进行的意味，所以选C项。 4(2021四川南充名校模拟)_in the country means that I can get up at 6：00 in the morning and enjoy the nice fresh air.ALivingBHaving livedCLivedDLive解析：选A。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，means是谓语，所填的词在句中作主语，故应用动名词形式，再加上表述的为一般事实状况，所以选Living。5(2021四川南充名校高三备战一行练习)Fathers Day，_in the early part of the 20th century，is to show love for our fathers in the same way that people do to mothers on Mothers Day.AintroducingBto be introducedCintroducedDbeing introduced解析：选C。考查非谓语动词。introduce和Fathers Day是规律上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作定语。6(2021湖南六校联考)Mr. Johnson, _as a manager for many years, found it hard to be an ordinary clerk again.Ahaving workedBworkedCto have worked Dworking解析：选A。考查非谓语动词。句意：由于已经当经理很多年了，Mr.Johnson发觉重新做回一名一般职员很难。主语Mr.Johnson与work之间为规律上的主动关系，故应用现在分词形式，由空后的时间状语“for many years”可知，应当用完成式。7_ into many languages，the book is popular in many countries.ABeing translatedBHaving translatedCTo be translatedDHaving been translated解析：选D。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，所填词作状语，规律主语是句子的主语the book，非谓语动词与规律主语之间是被动关系，且translate在谓语动词动作之前已经完成，故用过去分词或现在分词的完成被动式，故选D。8(2021合肥教学质检)_ with shame，the boy lowered his head，ready for the punishment from his dad.AFilledBFillingCTo fillDTo have filled解析：选A。句意：男孩低着头，满是惭愧地等着父亲的惩处。依据短语“be filled with”可知，此处用Filled with shame充当伴随状语。9(2021杭州高考科目质检)In the end I made myself understood，_ the reason to the assistant several times.AexplainingBhaving explainedCto explainDexplained解析：选B。考查非谓语动词。在题干中，逗号之后为非谓语动词短语作时间状语，且explain与其规律主语I是主动关系，空格处的动作发生在谓语动词之前，因此应用现在分词完成式的主动形式，故选B。10(2021合肥教学质检)Every morning I get up at 6：00 because I have two dogs _ at the door for me to take them out for the routine walk.Ato waitBwaitCwaitedDwaiting解析：选D。句意：我每天早上6点起床，由于我有两条狗在门口等着我带它们出去进行例行闲逛。这里用现在分词作宾语补足语。11(2021陕西宝鸡教学质检)It is silly of me _all eggs in one basket. That is the worst mistake I have made.Ato putBto have putCputDputting解析：选B。考查“It isadj.of sb. to do sth.”句型，it是形式主语，不定式是真正的主语，由“I have made”可以看出put所表示动作已经发生，所以不定式用完成式，故选B。12(2021四川 “联测促改”活动测试)_ another 10 days，we are sure to complete repairing the machine.AGiveBGivingCGivenDTo give解析：选C。此处为过去分词短语作状语，由于“再给10天时间”和句子主语“我们”之间存在规律上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词短语表示被动，故选C。13After being painted and furnished，_AI think the flat will look bigger and more beautifulByou will feel more comfortable living in the houseCthe house will be used for a nurseryDwe can sell the apartment for much more money解析：选C。考查非谓语动词作状语。非谓语作状语，其规律主语应和句子主语全都，而本题所给的四个选项中只有C项的主语(the house)可以和being painted搭配，其句意：这所房子被粉刷、配备家具之后将被用来做托儿所。故选C。14(2021合肥教学质检)_ her ambition of becoming a professional singer，she has been training very hard since an early age.ARealizingBTo realizeCHaving realizedDTo have realized解析：选B。句意：为了实现她成为一名职业歌手的夙愿，她从小就始终在刻苦训练。从句子成分和句意看，这里用不定式的一般式作目的状语，因此选B。15(2021成都高三诊断)Mum，is the pair of gloves _ mine?Yes. You have to wear another pair.AwashingBhaving washedCbeing washedDhaving been washed解析：选C。考查非谓语动词。此处为非谓语动词“the pair of gloves”的后置定语，由于现在分词的完成式一般不作定语，首先排解B和D；the pair of gloves与wash构成动宾关系，应用被动语态，排解A；依据答语中的“You have to wear another pair.”可知，手套正在被洗，故选C。