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第十讲 并列句和状语从句
一、并列连词和并列句
常见并列连词
表示并列关系
and(和，同，又)，both...and...(两者都……)，as well as(也，同)
表示选择关系
or/or else(否则)，otherwise(否则)，either...or...(或者……或者……)，not...but...(不是……而是……)
表示递进关系
and(而且)，not only...but also...(不但……而且……)，neither...nor...(既不……也不……)
表示转折关系
but(但是)，yet(然而)，still(照旧)，however(然而)，nevertheless(尽管如此)
表示因果关系
so(所以)，for(由于)
表示对比关系
while(而)
温馨提示
although/though不能与but连用，但可以和yet，still连用。
Although/Though we have grown up，our parents still treat us as children.＝We have grown up，but our parents still treat us as children.
①(2022·高考辽宁卷)However, if you regularly use the bathroom at this place，then you are a customer, and you should act like one.
②(2022·高考湖南卷)She would start either at the front or the back of the classroom and work toward the other end.
③(2022·高考大纲全国卷)That family not only restored the important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people.
④(2021·高考新课标全国卷Ⅱ)I was glad to meet Jenny again，but I didn’t want to spend all day with her.
1．(2022·高考北京卷)Some animals carry seeds from one place to another，________ plants can spread to new places.
A．so B．or
C．for D．but
解析：选A。句意：有些动物把种子从一个地方带到另外一个地方，因此植物就可以传播到新地方了。依据carry seeds与spread to new places可知，两个分句之间存在因果关系。so表示因果关系，意为“因此，于是”，符合要求。or意为“否则，要不然”；for表示缘由，进行补充说明；but意为“但是”，表示转折关系。
2．(2022·高考天津卷)Give me a chance，________ I’ll give you a wonderful surprise.
A．if B．or
C．and D．while
解析：选C。考查祈使句＋and＋简洁句。句意：给我一个机会，________我就会给你一个大惊喜。由空格前的“给我一个机会”和空格后的“我就会给你一个大惊喜”可知空格前后两部分是顺接关系，需用and连接，所以选择C项。
3．(2021·高考重庆卷)It’s not easy to change habits，________with awareness and selfcontrol，it is possible.
A．for B．or
C．but D．so
解析：选C。句意：转变习惯不简洁，但是有了意识和自制力，它是可能的。分析句子意思我们知道，空格前后的句子存在转折关系。四个选项中，A项表“由于”；B项表“或者”；C项表“但是”；D项表“所以”。因此答案为C。其实后面的句子补充完整应为：it is possible to change habits with awareness and selfcontrol。
二、时间状语从句
1．when，while和as引导的时间状语从句
when
从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生，也可以先后发生。从句谓语动词为连续性动词或非连续性动词。
作并列连词，意为“那时，这时”，常用于be about to do...when...; be doing...when...; had just done...when...; be on the point of doing...when...等结构中。
while
从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生，强调一段时间，从句的谓语动词为连续性动词。
表示“尽管”，引导让步状语从句。
while作并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比。
as
从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生或交替进行，可译为“一边……，一边……；随着……”，从句谓语一般为连续性动词。
①(2022·高考大纲全国卷)Banks has zero ability when it comes to dealing with girls.
当应付这些女孩时，Banks没有任何方法。
②Please don’t talk so loud while others are working.
别人在工作时，别高声谈话。
③One Friday，we were packing to leave for a weekend away when my daughter heard cries for help.一个周五，我们正在打包动身去过周末，就在这时我女儿听到了呼救声。
2．before与since 引导的时间状语从句
(1)before 与since的常用句式
连词
词义
常用句式
before
在……之前；还未……就……；
才……；还没来得及……就……
It will(not) be ＋一段时间＋before...(没有)过……时间才……
It was not long before...
不久……就……
It was ＋一段时间＋before...过了……才……
since
自从……以来
It is/has been ＋一段时间＋since...(从句用一般过去时)
It was＋一段时间＋since...(从句用过去完成时)
(2)since引导的从句假如用非连续性动词，所表示的是自从句谓语动作算起；若用连续性动词或状态动词，所表示的就是自动作或状态的完成或结束时算起。
①(2022·高考新课标全国卷Ⅰ)But he is not content to simply record these voices before they disappear without record.但他不满足于简洁地在这些东西消逝之前把他们录制下来。
②As is reported，it is over 100 years since Qinghua University was founded.
据报道，自清华高校建立以来已有一百多年了。
③It has been three years since he smoked.
自从他戒烟已经三年了。
④John thinks it won’t be long before he is ready for his new job.约翰认为他不久就会为新工作做好预备了。
3．表示“一……就……”含义的词(短语)引导的时间状语从句
(1) as soon as；immediately；directly；instantly；the moment/minute/instant；no sooner...than...；hardly...when...
(2)hardly...when...; no sooner...than...中主句用过去完成时，从句应用一般过去时；当hardly和no sooner 位于句首时，主句要部分倒装。
①The moment I heard the voice，I knew father was coming.我一听到那个声音就知道父亲来了。
②I had hardly got to the office when my wife phoned me to go back home at once.
我刚到办公室，我妻子就打电话让我马上回家。
③He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering.
＝No sooner had he finished his speech than the students started cheering.他刚结束演讲同学们就开头欢呼起来。
4．引导时间状语从句的其他常见连词
(1)until与till引导的时间状语从句
until/till意为“直到……时”，引导时间状语从句时，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前。当主句的谓语动词是连续性动词时，主句常用确定形式；当主句的谓语动词是非连续性动词时，主句常用否定形式，意为“直到……才”。
(2)every/each time，next time，the first time，whenever等引导的时间状语从句。
(3)by the time引导时间状语从句时，从句用一般现在时，主句用将来完成时；从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时。
①Whenever we met with difficulties，they came to help us.每当我们遇到困难，他们就来帮忙。
②By the time you come back，we will have finished the job. 当你回来的时候，我们将已经完成这项工作了。
1．(2022·高考江西卷)It was the middle of the night ________ my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game.
A．that B．as
C．which D．when
解析：选D。考查状语从句引导词的选择。句意：当我父亲叫醒我，告知我看足球竞赛的时候是午夜。when在此引导时间状语从句。此题易误选A项，缘由是把这个句子看成了强调句，假如在the middle of the night前加介词in，则此句为强调句，因此解此类题目时要留意分析句子成分。
2．(2022·高考陕西卷)The young couple，who returned my lost wallet，left ________I could ask for their names.
A．while B．before
C．after D．since
解析：选B。考查语意规律关系。句意：那对年轻夫妻归还了我丢了的钱包，我还没来得及问他们的名字他们就走了。依据空后的I could ask for their names可知，我还没问他们的名字他们就走了，所以此空应当填before(在……之前，还没来得及……就……)。
三、让步状语从句
让步状语从句
although；though；even if/though(即使)；whether...or(not)．..(不管……还是……)；while(尽管)；疑问词＋ever/＝no matter＋疑问词(不管……；无论……)
①Although regular exercise is very important，it’s never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.
②While I always felt I would pass the exam，I never thought I would get an A.
温馨提示
(1)although引导让步状语从句时，只能用正常语序，though在引导让步状语从句时可用正常语序，也可用倒装语序。as引导让步状语从句须用倒装。
①Try as he might，he couldn’t solve the problem.
② (2022·高考江苏卷)Lessons can be learned to face the future，though history cannot be changed.
(2)though还可作副词单独置于句末，意为“但是，可是不过”。
It’s hard work，I enjoy it though.
(3)whoever，whatever，
whomever，whichever
还可以引导名词性从句。
The government has promised to do whatever helps to solve the problem of unemployment.
1．(2022·高考北京卷)________ the forest park is far away，a lot of tourists visit it every year.
A．As B．When
C．Even though D．In case
解析：选C。考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然森林公园离得很远，但每年有很多游客会去巡游。as引导让步状语从句，但从句需要用倒装结构；when引导时间状语从句；even though相当于even if，意为“尽管，虽然”，引导让步状语从句；in case意为“以防，万一”，引导条件状语从句。依据the forest park is far away是正常语序，并未用倒装结构可知，C项符合句意和语法结构。
2．(2021·高考山东卷)________I have to give a speech，I get extremely nervous before I start.
A．Whatever B．Whenever
C．Whoever D．However
解析：选B。句意：每当我必需演讲时，在开头前，我都变得格外紧急。whatever“任何事物，一切事物；无论怎样”，引导名词性从句或让步状语从句；whenever“每当；无论什么时候”，引导时间状语从句或让步状语从句；whoever“……的人；无论是谁，不管是谁”引导名词性从句或让步状语从句；however“不管怎样”，引导让步状语从句。故只有whenever符合句意。
四、条件状语从句、缘由状语从句与地点状语从句
从句类型
引导词
例句
条件状语从句
if；unless(除非，假如不)；so(as)long as(只要)；once；in case(万一)；on condition that(条件是)；supposing/suppose(that)(假设；假如)；provided/providing(that)(假如)
①(2022·高考大纲全国卷)Unless some extra money is found, the theatre will close.
②(2022·高考广东卷)As long as there is kindness and virtue，the world will become more beautiful.
③Once they decide which college to go to，students should research the admission procedures.
缘由状语从句
because；since；as；now(that)；seeing/considering(that)
(考虑到；既然)
①—Mum，could I go out to play now?
—Let me see...Yes，since you have finished all your school assignments.
②As/Now that everybody is here，let’s begin our discussion.
③He must be ill，for he is absent today.
地点状语从句
where；wherever
①A number of high buildings have arisen where there was nothing a year ago but ruins.
②Make a mark where you have any questions.(地点状语从句)
③Make a mark at the place where you have any questions.(定语从句)
1．(2022·高考湖南卷)You will never gain success ______ you are fully devoted to your work.
A．when B．because
C．after D．unless
解析：选D。考查条件状语从句。句意：除非你全心全意地去工作，否则你将永久不会获得成功。从句和主句之间是条件关系，也就是获得成功的前提是“全心全意地去工作”，所以用unless引导条件状语从句。when和after引导时间状语从句，because引导缘由状语从句，不符合语境。
2．(2022·高考四川卷)I’ll be out for some time.________ anything important happens，call me up immediately.
A．In case B．As if
C．Even though D．Now that
解析：选A。考查条件状语从句。句意：我要出去一会儿。万一发生任何重要的事情，马上给我打电话。in case“万一”，引导条件状语从句，符合语境。as if “好像，仿佛”，引导方式状语从句；even though“纵然，即使”，引导让步状语从句；now that“既然”，引导缘由状语从句。
3．(2022·高考重庆卷)Half an hour later，Lucy still couldn’t get a taxi ________ the bus had dropped her.
A．until B．when
C．although D．where
解析：选D。考查地点状语从句。句意：半小时后，露西照旧没有从下公交车的地方打到出租车。until直到，引导时间状语从句；when“当……时候”，引导时间状语从句；although虽然，引导让步状语从句；where“在……地方”，引导地点状语从句。依据the bus had dropped her可知，此处所填词引导地点状语从句，故where正确。句中已有时间状语Half an hour later，故when不符合语境。
五、目的状语从句、结果状语从句与方式状语从句
从句类型
引导词
例句
目的状语从句
so that；in order that；in case(以防)；for fear that(生怕，以免)
①Speak louder so that/in order that the people in the hall can hear you.
②The boy hid himself behind the tree in case/for fear that his father should see him.
结果状语从句
so that；so...
that；such...that
①The little boy saved every coin so that he could buy his mother a present on Mother’s Day.
②Jack is so honest a worker/such an honest worker that we all believe him.
③He got so little money that his family had to live on welfare.
方式状语从句
as if/though，as
①The house was greatly damaged by the truck.We’d better leave things as they are until the police arrive.
②The old man treats the boy as if he were his own son.
(2022·高考浙江卷)Cathy had quit her job when her son was born ________ she could stay home and raise her family.
A．now that B．as if
C．only if D．so that
解析：选D。考查目的状语从句。句意：当儿子诞生时凯茜就已辞去了工作，目的是她能够待在家里抚养孩子。now that“既然”，引导缘由状语从句；as if“好像，仿佛”，引导方式状语从句；only if“只要”，引导条件状语从句；so that“目的是，结果是”，引导目的状语从句和结果状语从句。由关键信息quit her job以及stay home and raise her family可知，stay home and raise her family是前面辞职的目的，故要用so that引导目的状语从句。
1．One important aim of our school is to prepare us for the future________we can face all the challenges with confidence.
A．in that B．even if
C．so that D．as if
解析：选C。考查状语从句。句意：我们学校的一个重要目的就是让我们为将来做好预备，以便我们能够满怀信念地面对全部挑战。依据句意可知，这里用so that引导目的状语从句，表示“以便”。
2．—Lily is really dull.
—You can say that again.She hasn’t got any hobbies ________ you call watching TV a hobby.
A．unless B．since
C．if D．when
解析：选A。考查状语从句。句意：——Lily真是个无趣的人。——你说得太对了。她没有任何业余爱好，除非你把看电视看作业余爱好。依据语境可知，应选A项。
3．(2021·镇江质检)I took my ID card with me on holiday，________I wanted to live in a hotel.
A．in case B．ever since
C．even if D．if only
解析：选A。句意：我度假的时候随身带着我的身份证，万一我想住旅馆。这里用in case引导目的状语从句，表示“以防，万一”。
4．(2021·北京东城区统一检测)Everyone tells me I’m a good speaker，________I really don’t like speaking in public.
A．and B．so
C．but D．or
解析：选C。句意：每个人都告知我，我是个优秀的演讲者，但是我真的不宠爱在公共场合演讲。依据句意可知，前后两句是转折关系，所以用连词but。
5．(2021·连云港模拟)She is a selfcentered girl，________you can’t help liking her.
A．and B．or
C．so D．yet
解析：选D。句意：她是个以自我为中心的女孩，可是你却会忍不住宠爱上她。此处题干中的前后两个句子在语意上为转折关系，故用yet“尽管，然而”。
6．(2021·四川川中名校高三联考)________bad the circumstance is，as long as we keep in high spirits，we can succeed in the end.
A．Wherever B．Whenever
C．However D．Whatever
解析：选C。考查让步状语从句。句意：不管环境多么糟糕，只要我们精神振作，最终我们就能成功。空处引导让步状语从句，且修饰bad，故用However。
7．(2021·四川三校高三下学期联考)________you want to avoid the uncomfortable feeling of visiting the dentist，you’d better keep your teeth healthy.
A．If B．Unless
C．Because D．Though
解析：选A。考查状语从句。句意：假如你想避开因看牙医而产生的不舒适的感觉，你最好保持牙齿健康。依据句意，用if引导条件状语从句。
8．(2021·长沙重点中学模拟)I’ve always been a writer, but I didn’t figure out it was possible ________ I was in my early thirties.
A．when B．until
C．after D．unless
解析：选B。考查状语从句。句意：我始终是一名作家，但是直到我三十出头，我才看到这种可能性。引导时间状语从句，与前面的否定词构成not...until...结构，意为“直到……才……”。
9．(2021·皖北协作区高三联考)Sleeping pills should never be taken ________ suggested by a doctor because they will do great harm to people’s health.
A．even though B．even when
C．except when D．even so
解析：选C。考查状语从句。句意：除非医生建议，否则不要吃安眠药，由于它对人的健康危害很大。这里用except表示“除了……之外”，再接when引导的状语从句，表示“除了……的时候”。
10．(2021·四川绵阳第一次诊断)________you are always optimistic and selfconfident, I can’t wait to make friends with you.
A．Though B．Since
C．While D．So
解析：选B。考查连词。句意：既然你总是乐观、自信，我迫不及待地想和你交伴侣。though尽管，虽然；since既然，由于；while当……的时候，尽管；so所以。依据句意可知应选B。
11．(2021·合肥教学质量检测)How can you expect to get ahead in your life ________ you even live to yourself from time to time?
A．though B．until
C．before D．when
解析：选D。考查连词。句意：你有时甚至过着孤独的生活，既然这样又怎么能够期望出人头地呢？依据句意可知，这里应用when引导并列句表示“既然”。本题要留意下面几点：句中的get ahead in one’s life表示“出人头地”，live to oneself表示“过孤独的生活”，when在这里引导的是并列句而不是状语从句，连词表示“既然”。
12．(2021·湖南十三校联考)I wish my house would be built________we can enjoy beautiful scenery with mountains and rivers.
A．in which B．what
C．where D．that
解析：选C。考查状语从句。句意：我期望我的房子建在可以观赏到秀丽的山水风景的地方。依据句意可知设空处引导地点状语从句，故答案为C项。A项用来引导定语从句，但本句中没有先行词，故被排解；what引导名词性从句；D项引导定语从句或名词性从句。
13．(2022·重庆联合测试)You’re well prepared for the job interview，________there’s no need for you to get so nervous.
A．or B．while
C．but D．so
解析：选D。句意：你为工作面试做了充分的预备，因此你没必要这么紧急。空处前后两句在语意上为因果关系，故用so，表示“因此，所以”。
14．(2021·陕西长安一中、高新一中等五校模拟)—May I go to play football with Dick now，Dad?
—No，you can’t go out________your work has not been done.
A．before B．until
C．after D．as
解析：选D。考查状语从句。句意：——爸爸，我现在能出去和迪克踢足球吗？——不行以，你的活儿还没干完，不能出去。依据句意可知，这里状语从句用了否定形式，此时应用as引导缘由状语从句，as表示“由于”。
15．(2021·厦门适应性考试)Take the note as a reminder________we might forget to buy what we need while shopping.
A．unless B．in case
C．even if D．once
解析：选B。句意：带着便条来提示我们，以防购物时我们可能遗忘买我们需要的东西。in case“以防，万一”符合句意。
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