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专题特训(阅读理解——主旨大意)
体裁：说明文 话题：生态旅游 时间：6分钟
Ecotourism is a combination of ecology(the study of systems of living things) and tourism.The International Ecotourism Society defines ecotourism as “responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the well－being of the local people.”Actually，ecotourism can mean travel to far－off places of great natural beauty，but not always in a responsible way.It's big business，and the attraction of money can cause people to think about profits first.While ecotourism offers benefits for people and ecosystems，it leaves ecosystems open to negative effects，too.
Costa Rica，once a Spanish colony，and independent since 1821，has an ecotourism industry worth over one billion dollars yearly，and thousands of jobs have been created.Nearly 21 percent of the land is now protected national parks，largely thanks to ecotourism.Nonetheless，due to the number of people visiting the country's natural places，some damage to the ecosystem has occurred.
While tourists can have a negative influence on ecosystems，the same areas might have been totally destroyed by industries such as farming，logging，or mining were there no ecotourism industry.Instead，nature reserves have been created，keeping the ecosystem protected.And，by visiting beautiful rainforests and seeing rare animals，visitors get a sense of their value，and of gratitude for them.Tour guides can also be educators who train people to love and care for the environment.Visitors can take these lessons with them to their home countries.
Unfortunately，while their effect may not be noticeable in the off－season，the constant procession of visitors in the high season can be damaging.At one national park in Costa Rica，wild monkeys now feed on garbage left by the tourists.Furthermore，ecotourists tend to seek out places with the rarest animals and plants，pressuring the most delicate living things.
Controlling random development isn't easy.Corruption can lead officials to stand ecological damage.For example，a large resort facility，normally not allowed near a reserve，may be allowed if the company pays enough money to certain people in the government.Limited resources are another issue.Areas of forests and beaches that would require an army to protect are often watched by several employees.
It is easy to be critical of the ecotourism industry but it is important to be positive as well.Ecotourism can never be“pure.”We can't expect zero negative effects on the ecosystem.It is also unrealistic to think that humans won't go anywhere accessible to them.If protection efforts are maintained and strengthened，those remaining places of undisturbed nature may be stressed，but they won't be destroyed.
【语篇导读】 本文是一篇说明文。本文叙述了生态旅游的定义和好处以及它所带来的负面效应。
1．The main purpose of the passage is to ________．
A．call for creating more ecotourism－related jobs for people
B．introduce ecotourism as a way of protecting natural places
C．argue against ecotourism as a damaging trend that must be stopped
D．stress that ecotourism benefits ecosystems on the whole despite its damage
解析 主旨大意题。文章既涉及到生态旅游所带来的巨大效益好处，也交代了它同时产生的一些负面效应，从文章的最终一段“but it is important to be positive as well”可看出作者更强调前者。故选D。
答案 D
2．Which change has occurred in Costa Rica since the introduction of ecotourism?
A．National parks have been set up thanks to ecotourism.
B．Costa Rica became independent from Spain.
C．Wild monkeys suffered a lot from feeding on garbage.
D．Many areas have been destroyed by developing ecotourism.
解析 细节理解题。从文章其次段“Nearly 21 percent of the land is now protected national parks，largely thanks to ecotourism”得出答案为A。
答案 A
3．It can be learned from Paragraph 5 that ________．
A．officials work hard to control random development
B．officials are not tough enough with ecological protection
C．there is no enough money available to build resorts
D．local officials paid great attention to illegal activities
解析 推理推断题。从第五段 “Corruption can lead officials to stand ecological damage”得出政府对生态爱护不够雷厉风行，导致了有贿赂腐败事情存在。故选B。
答案 B
4．Why does the author think it is easy to be critical of the ecotourism industry?
A．Because wildlife is very easy to protect.
B．Because it is easy to remove the negative effects of ecotourism.
C．Because ecotourism is not as profitable as it should be.
D．Because it takes advantage of nature for profit.
解析 细节理解题。从第四段“wild monkeys now feed on garbage left by the tourists”可排解A，从第五段中“Controlling random development isn't easy”可排解B，正是由于有巨大利益可图，在第五段中“may be allowed if the company pays enough money to certain people in the government”故可排解C，选D，利用自然寻求利益。
答案 D
5．What is the writer's attitude towards ecotourism?
A．Concerned. B．Subjective.
C．Realistic. D．Unfavorable.
解析 推理推断题。从最终一段“but it is important to be positive as well”和“Ecotourism can never be ‘pure’．We can't expect zero negative effects on the ecosystem”故可推断出作者态度是现实的，选C。
答案 C
体裁：记叙文 话题：生活经受 时间：10分钟
The event that stands out in my memory happened one morning in 1983 when I was 14 years old.I was at home with my mother，getting ready for the afternoon session of school.
I was doing my homework when I heard raised voices.At first I thought nothing of it—customers in the motorcycle shop directly below us often became unruly and loud，but I soon realized this was different.
“Quick！Remove the motorcycles from the shop，”someone yelled.
Then a thick burning smell filled the air.When I opened the front door of our flat to investigate，a thick cloud of smoke，billowing up from the ground floor，greeted me.The motorcycle shop had caught fire.
My mum，who had been working in the kitchen，hurried to the living room.We rushed out of the door and along the corridor through the smoke.
We were heading towards the stairway at the far end of the corridor when Mum stopped in her tracks.She turned around and headed back the way we came.I had no idea what she was doing，but I followed suit.
Mum had suddenly remembered the Korean lady in her 70s who lived next door to us，who we called Makcik.Mum began banging on Makcik's door，but to no avail.As the smoke thickened around us，I could see many of our neighbors—some still in their pyjamas—running for safety.
“She would have run for safety like everyone else！”I cried.
Mum refused to give up.“I know Makcik's still inside，”she said as she pounded the door.“Go downstairs，Shaji.Go now！”
However，frozen with fear，I stood rooted to the spot.By then，both of us were coughing and our eyes were stinging.Time seemed to stand still，though we were probably there for only two or three minutes.
Just as I was beginning to suffocate(窒息)，the door opened.Makcik stood there，totally confused.Mum was right—she had been unaware of what was happening.Grabbing her hand，Mum led Makcik downstairs and outside to a safe spot where people had gathered to witness the fire.
The firemen had just arrived and set about fighting the blaze，which was reaching up to the two floors above the motorcycle shop.
Comprehending the gravity of the situation，Makcik broke down.Holding my mother's hands tightly，and with tears flowing down her cheeks，she spoke to Mum.I could not hear what she said，but there was no mistaking her gratitude.I learned later that Makcik was sleeping when the fire broke out.
I dread to think what would have happened if Mum had not turned back for her.
Soon the firemen put out the billowing flames.There were no deaths or injuries，though the motorcycle shop was completely destroyed.
Although the fire had damaged our corridor badly，it was put out before it could spread into our flat.Our home had been saved，though everything was covered in soot(黑灰) and an awful smell hung in the air.And，sadly，my pet lovebirds were dead.
I felt terrible for not saving them in my haste.However，the thought of Mum's courageous act in saving a human life brought great relief.
Years later，I asked Mum about this incident.She said she was familiar with Makcik's daily routine and was certain she would still be sleeping。When I asked if she was scared，Mum replied：“When a loved one is in danger，the thought of fear never crosses the mind.”
During my school days，whenever I wrote an essay about courageous deeds，I always focused on soldiers risking their lives to save others.It never occurred to me to write about my mum who had，in her determined way，saved our elderly neighbor.Today I know better.Maria Thomas，a timid and modest lady，someone who would not be mistaken for a superhero，had turned out to be my real hero.
【语篇导读】 本文是一篇记叙文。本文叙述了1983年楼下火灾，母亲冒着生命危急救了邻居，成为作者心目中的英雄。
6．It can be inferred from the passage that ________．
A．firefighters broke in and saved Makcik from the fire
B．Makcik ran for safety like everyone else after the fire broke out
C．Makcik survived the fire owing to my mum's timely rescue
D．people headed back to Makcik's flat at the request of my mother
解析 推理推断题。是母亲救了Makcik可排解A，发生火灾时Makcik正在睡觉可排解B，其他人都只顾自己逃命，故可排解D，是母亲准时救了Makcik，故选C。
答案 C
7．Receiving no response from Makcik，Mum still refused to leave because ________．
A．she didn't realize that the fire was quickly surrounding her
B．she was sure that Makcik must be sleeping at that time
C．she was convinced that Makcik must be too scared to move
D．she was informed that Makcik was in desperate need of help
解析 细节理解题。从文章第9段“I know Makcik's still inside”和倒数其次段中“She said she was familiar with Makcik's daily routine and was certain she would still sleeping”得出B。
答案 B
8．What made Makcik break down after she reached a safe spot?
A．The big fire was spreading rapidly.
B．People's terrible screams shocked her.
C．Mum's sudden appearance moved her deeply.
D．The serious situation made her confused.
解析 推理推断题。从倒数第7段“Comprehending the gravity of the situation，Makcik broke down”说明Makcik那个时候意识到火势严峻，故选A。
答案 A
9．Which of the following best explains the sentence “When a loved one is in danger，the thought of fear never crosses the mind.”？
A．Love makes all hard hearts gentle.
B．Love warms more than a thousand fires.
C．Love is never paid but with true love.
D．Love fears no danger.
解析 推理推断题。从文中母亲为救邻居不顾自己的安危，正可以说明爱无所畏惧，故选D。
答案 D
10．The writer mentions the soldiers and Mum in the last paragraph to ________．
A．highlight Mum's courage and determination by making comparisons
B．show respect for firemen's courageous deeds by providing explanations
C．convey Mum's influence on my attitude to danger by offering analyses
D．emphasize the neighbor's gratitude to Mum by giving examples
解析 推理推断题。从最终一段“soldiers risking their life to save others.”“my mom who had，in her determined way，saved our elderly neighbor.”，通过对比，高度赞扬了母亲的士气和决心，故选A。
答案 A
11．Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A．My Neighbor：A Narrow Escape
B．The Firefighting：A Thrilling Story
C．My Mother：The Superhero
D．The Fire：An Unforgettable Experience
解析 主旨大意题。文章仆人公是母亲，通过救人的事情，成为我心中的英雄，故选C。
答案 C
体裁：记叙文 话题：社会热点 时间：6分钟
Recently，a student used his Personal Digital Assistant(PDA) to film a female teacher scolding a classmate and tearing his work.The public discussion that the incident caused started on the Internet.However，when it came to the media's attention，it quickly became a major topic in the education circles.The reactions so far suggest that the focus of the debate has been on one question: who is to blame?
Teachers who are anxious to defend their professional dignity have tried to put the blame on the student.They mention their right to privacy(隐私) and for this reason they request the Ministry of Education(MOE) to prohibit PDAs in schools.On the other hand，some parents and students have taken a different position.They feel that the teacher is also at fault.Caught up in the war of words between both sides，people are no longer interested in the “truth” of the matter which seems now unimportant.It is left to newspapers to discover the central point of the controversial issue，by stressing the problems that are not always easily noticed in our educational system.
For those responsible for educating the young，this PDA incident conveys the message that “Times have changed”，a reality that must have been felt even more strongly by the female teacher when reflecting on this unpleasant experience.Different times call for different professional approaches in education.The ability to understand the students they are teaching has always been the quality of successful teachers.Despite some factors，the incident shows that the teacher lacks good qualities on her part.Besides，the rules under the current system to deal with recalcitrant students need to be improved.Also，it is an example which shows the issue we are familiar with: what to do with new technology? With PDAs，the new technology，the interaction(沟通) between teachers and students in the classroom has been changed.
【语篇导读】 同学用PDA记录了老师的不良行为引发了一系列的辩论，是老师，还是同学应当受到责怪？
12．The author's purpose in writing this passage is to______．
A．improve the teachers' way of teaching
B．stress the use of PDAs in the classroom
C．change the students' behavior in the classroom
D．discuss the potential problems of the educational system
解析 写作意图题。通读全文，由关于老师行为的辩论，到人们对训练模式的争辩可知，D项“争辩训练体制潜在的问题”正确。
答案 D
13．The underlined word “recalcitrant” in Paragraph 3 probably means “______”．
A．difficult to control
B．interested in nothing
C．unwilling to learn
D．ready to obey rules
解析 词义猜想题。依据画线词所在句“the rules under the current system to deal with recalcitrant students need to be improved”可知，在目前的训练体制下处理难以把握的同学的规章需要改善，再结合上文同学用PDA拍摄老师责骂同学的行为并传到网上的事例可知A项正确。
答案 A
14．The writer's attitude toward the PDA incident is ________．
A．optimistic B．critical
C．uncertain D．approval
解析 作者态度题。依据最终一段中作者提出的“不同的时代需要不同的训练方法，成功的老师要有理解所教同学的力量。尽管还有诸多因素，但该大事反映了老师缺乏良好的素养”可知作者对这一大事持批判的态度。所以B项正确。
答案 B
15．What might be the best title for the passage?
A．Who is to blame?
B．The PDA incident
C．Times have changed
D．What to do with new technology?
解析 主旨大意题。文章主要争辩了当前训练体制中存在的不合理之处，再结合第一段末尾提到的“who is to blame”可知，A项正确。
答案 A
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