2021年高考英语考点总动员系列-专题11-语法填空(解析版).docx

【母题再现】题型介绍：语法填空题给出200字左右的一段短文或对话，段落中给出10个填空，其中4个（或更多）填空是给出一个单词，填写它的正确词形，如形容词的比较级等，其余6个填空是结合上下文直接填词（不多于3个单词）。这要求考生既要把握娴熟的语法学问，还要有确定的语言阅读力气。考查考生在短文中的语法实际应用力气。命题形式：本考点在高考中的命题形式主要有：1.短文填空；2.对话填空。高考选题：题型1：【2022新课标全国卷】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix?In 1969，the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio. It _61_(be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. The river was so polluted that it _62_(actual)caught fire and burned. Now, years later, this river is one of _63_ most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.But the river wasnt changed in a few days _64_ even a few months. It took years of work _65_(reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is _66_(clean) than ever.Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you have a habit _67_ is driving your family crazy. Possibly you drink too much or dont know how to control your credit card use. When you face such an impossible situation，dont you want a quick fix and something to change immediately?While there are _68_(amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the _69_(change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be _70_(patience). 题型2：2022辽宁卷 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Jonny：Hey！Im just practising Tai Chi(太极)Would you like to join me?Peter：I know nothing about it.Is it difficult?Jonny：It seems easy，but you need a lot of practice.You just follow me like this.Peter：OK.Dont laugh _61_ me.I may look funny.Jonny：Bend your knees slightly and reach out your arms like tree branches，naturally and _62_ (soft)Try to keep your body straight.Move slowly，then be sure to keep your balance and dont let your body shake.Peter：I cannot control my body well.My legs become _63_(pain)Jonny：Keep _64_(hold) your position for a while.It helps develop your strength and flexibility.Raise your leg and let _65_ stay in the air for seconds.Peter：I feel my legs shaking.I cannot do this any longer.Jonny：Be patient！Tai Chi _66_(call) “shadow boxing” in English.It asks you to act like water：to be flexible as well _67_ strong.In real competition，a Tai Chi master borrows the strength of the competitor and uses this energy to fight back.The _68_(hard) you try to beat him，the more likely you will get hit.He controls you!Peter：Unbelievable！Oh，_69_ you dont mind，Ill stop and take a deep _70_.解题技巧：解答此类试题，可以从以下几个方面着手考虑：语篇语法填空解题技巧解语篇语法填空，要从“词、句、篇”三个层面去思考。（1）词汇层面方法1：做主语或宾语的名词或“形容词+名词”前无形容词性物主代词、不定代词等限定词时，依据上下文填冠词。【例1】The head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to _ small town some 20 kilometers away where there was a garage. 【例2】But she quickly realized that it wasnt her, it was probably the fact that she sat in _ last row.【解析】the 特指最终一排，在序数词/最高级前，用定冠词。方法2：句子缺主语或宾语，空格后没有提示词，填词多为代词。【例1】Jane was walking round the department store. She remembered how difficult _ was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father. 【解析】it 作宾语从句主语，替代动词不定式短语to choose。【例2】She did not hesitate for long: although her father smoked a pipe only once in a while, she knew that this was a present which was bound to please _. 【解析】him please him (使他兴奋)，填代词；依据句意，此处指代her father。方法3：空格前已有主语，括号内是动词提示，空格需填谓语动词。【例1】He _ (pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.【解析】was pretending 由“and giving”可确定，用过去进行时，构成并列谓语。【例2】Where men control the household, less money _ (spend) on healthcare and food, which results in poorer health for children.【解析】is spentmoney与spend之间存在被动关系，故用被动语态，从句时态提示应用一般现在时。方法4：句中已有谓语动词且又无并列连词与括号内提示的动词并列，说明空格需填非谓语动词形式。【例1】Film has a much shorter history，especially when _ (compare) to such art forms as music and planting.【解析】compared本句是when it is compared to 的省略。compare与规律主语film是被动关系，故用过去分词作状语。【例2】But everyone added a little, always _ (think) that it was only small and not very important, and look where we have ended up today.”【解析】thinking 因everyone与think是主动关系，故用现在分词短语作added的伴随状语。方法5：当括号内所提示的词是形容词或副词且空格处需要的仍是形容词或副词时，很可能填比较级和最高级。【例1】The teacher replied, “You tasted the water. I tasted the gift. The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be _ (sweet).”【解析】sweeter 句意是“什么也不会比这更甜”=这是世界上最甜的东西。【例2】I left it early because I had an appointment _ (late) that day.【解析】later 指那天晚些时候。方法6：当“（+限定词）+名词”或“+代词/doing/从句”在句中不做主语或宾语时，通常填介词。【例1】When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village, I wanted to reward the old woman _ the trouble.【解析】for reward sb. for sth. 表示“因而答谢/报答某人”。【例2】He did so the next day. He was very tired _ doing this for a whole day.【解析】after/fromA.用介词after表示“在之后”；B. be tired from doing sth.为“因做某事而累”。（2）句子层面方法1：连接两个功能对等的单词、短语或句子时，应填并列连词and，or，but，while, when等。【例1】 He was very tired fromdoing this for a whole day, _he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” higher.【解析】but 句中very happy与very tired是转折关系，两句间是逗号且没有连词，故填连词but。【例2】So Nick called to his son, “Go to the village and buy some salt, but pay a fair price for it: neither too much _ too little.”【解析】nor 并列连词“neithernor”表示“既不也不”。方法2：若推断连词所引导的从句起名词的作用（做主语/宾语/表语/同位语），则为名词性从句，依据引导名词性从句的连接词在从句成分和意义确定连词。【例1】Cursing my misfortune, I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to _ should have the honor of receiving me as a guest in their house.【解析】who 引导宾语从句且在从句中做主语，指人。【例2】 One day, he came up with an idea _he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches.【解析】that引导同位语从句，说明idea的具体内容，从句意义完整且不缺句子成分。方法3：若推断连词所引导的从句起形容词的作用（做定语），则为定语从句，依据引导定语从句的先行词和关系词在从句中的成分确定关系代词或者关系副词。关系代词在从句做主语和宾语，做状语用关系副词（可转换为介词+关系代词）。【例1】Jane paused in front of a counter _ some attractive ties were on display.【解析】where 句子+句子，中间必填连接词；后句修饰前句，关系副词where在从句中作地点状语。【例2】 He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to an elder _ had been his teacher.【解析】who/that 代替an elder，引导定语从句并在从句中做主语。方法4：若推断连词所引导的从句起副词的作用（做状语），则为状语从句，再依据两句之间的意义和规律关系或者从属连词在从句中的作用和意义，来确定合适的连词。【例1】We understand this lesson best _ we receive gifts of love from children.【解析】when 引导时间状语从句，表示“当时”。【例2】My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me _ the bus arrived.【解析】until/till 表示“始终到”。【例1】, so he couldnt have done it. _, he couldnt carry a plate of sandwiches as well as his tennis stuff, so Im sure it wasnt him.（2022样题）【解析】Anyway “不管怎么说”，考察对语境的把握，体会上下文讲话人语气。【例2】-Mum: Are they there? Oh, my goodness. I _ them in there when the phone rang. Oh, dear. I really must be losing my mind. Now, why did I put on my coat?（2022样题）【解析】must have put 考察对话上下文的理解和谓语的呼应，读懂上文“and left them on the table”、“But someone must have taken them”、“Oh, it must have been Dad.”以及下文几处情态动词的表达得出答案。【考点揭秘】高频考点一：在语篇中考查词汇【2022届河北省唐山市一模】Christmas is no fun when youre poorTwenty years ago I was a young, 【小题1】 （struggle）,substitute（替补） teacher whose calls into work had been fewMoney was tight, bills were due 【小题2】 my wife and I couldnt even afford to get Christmas gifts for each otherThe only gifts we could get for our children were a few soft toys that I had found 【小题3】 （sell）at half price in the supermarketI opened the door and brought in the gifts I 【小题4】 （hide） in our old cars trunkThen I handed 【小题5】 to my son and daughterI watched with a sad smile as they did their best to tear off the wrapping(包装） paperAs they pulled out their toys, though, I noticed their 【小题6】 lit up and they jumped up and downMy daughter 【小题7】 （happy） hugged her toy and then hugged her Mom and me as wellI laughed as I watched my children play with their toys _ 【小题8】 _ hours, and Thanked God for the 【小题9】_ （great） bifilar ever been givenTill today I still treasure 【小题10】 gift of pure love that my son and daughter gave me that day点评：1，3，5，6，7，8，9，10考查词汇的用法高频考点二：考查句法学问及规律关系【2022届河北省衡水中学下学期二调】Why is pink or purple a color for girls and blue or brown for boys?The answer depends largely 61 cultural values as well as personal experiences. To the Egyptians, green was a color 62 represented the hope and joy of spring, while for Muslims, it means heaven. Red is a symbol of good luck in many cultures. During the Spring Festival in China, children 63 (give) money in a red envelope to bring good fortune in the New Year. For many nations, blue is a symbol of protection and religious beliefs. Greek people often wear a blue necklace hoping to protect 64 against evils（灾祸）.Peoples 65 (choose) of colors is also influenced by their bodies reactions toward them. Green is said to be 66 most restful color. It has the ability to reduce pain and relax people both mentally 67 physically. People 68 (work) in green environment have been found to have fewer stomach aches.Red can cause a persons blood pressure to rise and increase peoples appetites（食欲）. Many decorators will include different shades of red in the restaurant. And many commercial websites will have a red “Buy Now” button because red is a color that 69 (easy) catches a persons eye.Blue is another calming color. Unlike red, blue is believed to cause people to lose appetite. So 70 you want to eat less, some suggest that eating from blue plates can help.点评：2，7， 10考查句法中的连词及规律关系【直击高考】2022新课标全国卷 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix?In 1969，the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio. It _61_(be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. The river was so polluted that it _62_(actual)caught fire and burned. Now, years later, this river is one of _63_ most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.But the river wasnt changed in a few days _64_ even a few months. It took years of work _65_(reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is _66_(clean) than ever.Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you have a habit _67_ is driving your family crazy. Possibly you drink too much or dont know how to control your credit card use. When you face such an impossible situation，dont you want a quick fix and something to change immediately?While there are _68_(amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the _69_(change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be _70_(patience). 2022新课标全国卷 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容 (不多于3个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式。One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about_61_(be) late for school. There were many people waiting at the bus stop, _62_ some of them looked very anxious and _63_(disappoint). When the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next _66_ the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. A boy on a bike _65_(catch) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused _66_(stop) until we reached the next stop. Still, the boy kept _67_(ride). He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting. Finally, when we came to the next stop, the boy ran up to the door of the bus. I heard an excited conversation. Then the driver stood up and asked，“_68_ anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop？” A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh, dear! Its _69_(I)” She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully. Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done, and the crowd of strangers _70_(sudden) became friendly to one another. 2022辽宁卷 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Jonny：Hey！Im just practising Tai Chi(太极)Would you like to join me?Peter：I know nothing about it.Is it difficult?Jonny：It seems easy，but you need a lot of practice.You just follow me like this.Peter：OK.Dont laugh _61_ me.I may look funny.Jonny：Bend your knees slightly and reach out your arms like tree branches，naturally and _62_ (soft)Try to keep your body straight.Move slowly，then be sure to keep your balance and dont let your body shake.Peter：I cannot control my body well.My legs become _63_(pain)Jonny：Keep _64_(hold) your position for a while.It helps develop your strength and flexibility.Raise your leg and let _65_ stay in the air for seconds.Peter：I feel my legs shaking.I cannot do this any longer.Jonny：Be patient！Tai Chi _66_(call) “shadow boxing” in English.It asks you to act like water：to be flexible as well _67_ strong.In real competition，a Tai Chi master borrows the strength of the competitor and uses this energy to fight back.The _68_(hard) you try to beat him，the more likely you will get hit.He controls you!Peter：Unbelievable！Oh，_69_ you dont mind，Ill stop and take a deep _70_.【课后反馈】夯实基础：【2022届河北省衡水中学下学期一调】阅读下面短文，依据句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为6170的相应位置上。Chinese proverbs are rich and they are still widely used in Chinese people daily life._61_ these proverbs there are often interesting stories. For example, the proverb, “plucking up a crop _62_ (help) it grow”, is based on the following story.It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty(960-1279) was very anxious to help _63_ rice crop grow up quickly. He was thinking about _64_ day and night. But the crop was growing much slower than he expected.One day, he came up with an idea _65_ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches. He did so the next day.He was very tired _66_ doing this for a whole day, _67_ he felt very happy since the crop did grow _68_ (high).His son heard about this and went to see the crop. Unfortunately the leaves of the crop began to wither.This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their _69_ (nature) course. Being too anxious to help an event develop often _70_ (result) in the contrary to our intention.力气拓展：【2022届河南开封市冲刺卷】 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。M: Im so relieved. I just finished the story l was working on for our creative writing course.W:I havent finished mine 61 .I had trouble 62 (get) past the beginning.M: How come?W:I was really happy to be writing a detective story. But after the first few pages ,I just 63 write any more.M: The same thing 64 (happen) to me. You can talk to Mrs Wilson about it.W: Actually,1 went to ask for more time to finish the writing. But instead she gave me some good advice. She said the first thing I should do is just write anything that