2022广东清远市高考英语单项选择和阅读理解一轮选练(1)及答案.docx

【由安徽省合肥市2022高考模拟题改编】阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。Scientists in UK have grown a living human brain. The team at Aston University created tiny bunch of cells which act like a mini nervous system.They believe it could help find a cure for worse mental conditions like Parkinsons disease. Professor Michael Coleman is leading the research program. He explained, We are aiming to be able to study the human brain at the most basic level, using an actual living human cell system. Cells have to be alive and operating efficiently to enable us to really understand how the brain works. The experiment involves changing cells from a cancer tumour (肿瘤）and making them behave like brain cells.Although far from finished, researchers hope the false brain cells will give them a greater understanding of how real brains work. This, in turn, could significantly further research into conditions which affect the brain. Neil Hunt, chief leader of the research group, said, It is still very early days, but in the future the research could lead to a useful tool for looking into dementia (痴呆).The technique could also provide a way to carry on animal test and is being supported by the Humane Research Trust (HRT). The scientists predict that over the next ten years a million people will develop dementia. Professor Coleman believes their findings could change this. He said，We hope our research will provide scientists with a new and highly relational human experimental model to help them understand the brain better and develop new drugs to control the related disease. However, the biggest challenge at present is that we are greatly short of fund, which will slow our research.1. UK scientists grow a living human brain in order to _.A. study the structure of human brain B. make use of living human cell system C. discover how human brain really works D. separate cells from a cancer tumour2. According to Neil Hunt, research into brain cells _.A. will get finished as early as possibleB. will make people discover dementiaC. will affect the brain growth in many waysD. will help to treat some diseases in nerve system3. From the last paragraph，we can know that _A. the technique provided by HRT is immatureB. animal tests are no longer allowed by lawC. a million people suffer from brain diseasesD. the research program lacks financial support4. The text is intended to _.A. tell us about a breakthrough in medical researchB. introduce a research program in humans brainC. introduce the progress of drugs for dementiaD. tell us about health problem in nerve system【参考答案】14、CDDB阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。【2021界虹口区质量监控测试题】Prolonging human life has increased the size of the human population. Many people alive today would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years ago. Because more people live longer, there are more people around at any given time. In fact, it is a decrease in death rates, not an increase in birthrates, that has led to the population explosion.Prolonging human life has also increased the dependency load. In all societies, people who are disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent on the rest of society to provide for them. In hunting and gathering cultures, old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die. In times of famine (饥荒), infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved, where as if the parents survived they could have another child. In most contemporary societies, people feel a moral obligation (责任) to keep people alive whether they can work or not. We have a great many people today who live past the age at which they want to work or are able to work; we also have rules which require people to retire at a certain age. Unless these people were able to save money for their retirement, somebody else must support them. In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty. Older people have more illnesses than young or middle-aged people; unless they have wealth or private or government insurance, they must often “go on welfare” if they have a serious illness.When older people become senile (年轻的) or too weak and ill to care for themselves, they create grave problems for their families. In the past and in some traditional cultures, they would be cared for at home until they died. Today, with most members of a household working or in school, there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person. To meet this need, a great many nursing homes and convalescent (疗养的) hospitals have been built. These are often profit making organizations, although some are sponsored by religious and other nonprofit groups. While a few of these institutions are good, most of them are simply “dumping (倒垃圾的) grounds” for the dying in which “care” is given by poorly paid, overworked, and under skilled personnel (员工).72. The author believes that the increased size of the human population results from _.A. an increase in birthrates B. the industrial developmentC. a decrease in death rates D. childhood diseases 73. It can be inferred from the passage that in hunting and gathering cultures _.A. it was a moral responsibility for the families to keep alive the aged people who could not workB. the survival of infants was less important than that of their parents in times of starvationC. old people were given the task of imparting (传授) the cultural wisdom of the tribe to new generationsD. death was celebrated as a time of rejoicing for an individual freed of (免除) the hardships of life 74. The phrase “this need” in the last paragraph refers to _. A. prolonging the dying old peoples livesB. reducing the problems caused by the retired peopleC. making profits through caring for the sick or weak peopleD. taking care of the sick or weak people75. According to the passage, which of the following statements about the old people in the United States is true?A. Many of them live on social security money which is hardly enough.B. Minority of them remain in a state of near poverty after their retirement.C. Many nursing homes are sponsored by religious and nonprofit groups.D. Older people have wealth or private insurance if they have a serious illness.【参考答案】72-75: CBDADirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.【2021界崇明县】（A）Marshall was a promising young artist. He painted with great feeling. His paintings were all characterized by a strong love and sympathy for people. His high school art teacher felt he had a special talent.Marshalls father didnt want him to be a painter, however. Mr. Donaldson wanted his son to be a stockbroker(股票经纪人). He wanted Marshall to continue the dynasty started by his great-great grandfather in 1820. The family business, Donaldson and Donaldson Inc., was now a large, successful investment firm.Mr. Donaldson felt Marshall was much too individualistic. “Listen,” he told his son, “I had no say in choosing my career. I just did what my dad told me.”“But you are good at business,” Marshall replied. “Im not. Im sure I would just cause trouble for you and problems for the company.” Marshall felt there was no way he could ever fill his fathers shoes. And, although he was no stranger to high society, he didnt feel comfortable among the wealthy. He preferred the ordinary, working-class people of the city. His paintings told of their struggles and their hopes.Sometimes after school Marshall would hang around outside a factory gate. He would draw the workers as they came out at the end of their shift. Marshall wondered how they could keep doing that hard, boring work year after year. Then he realized most of them would be doing something different if they could. But their great obstacle in life was lack of education.When Marshall got home, he would take out his paintings. The paintings expressed his sympathy and respect for those hard-working people. Well, Marshall never did enter the family business. This angered his father. But as Marshall got older, his career as an artist began to take off. He became quite famous, and people paid large amounts for his “plain people” paintings.In time, this success won Marshalls dad over. Mr. Donaldson could see his son was born to paint. Marshall was glad his father finally came around. And happily, the two began to work together after all. Twice each year they held a benefit art show.Marshall donated a number of his paintings to be sold at each show. The persuasive Mr. Donaldson got his wealthy friends and clients(客户) to attendand to spend. The money from the art sales was used to help factory workers improve their education.65. Why didnt Marshalls father want Marshall to be a painter at first? A. He thought Marshall was good at business rather than art. B. He expected Marshall to continue their family business. C. He wanted Marshall to earn more money. D. He thought Marshall was individualistic.66. From the passage we can learn that _. A. Marshalls choice turned out to be wrong B. Marshalls choice affected their family business C. Marshalls father at last supported Marshalls choice D. Marshalls father was always unhappy with Marshalls choice67. The underlined phrase “take off” in paragraph 7 probably means “_”. A. to take away or remove B. to go away unexpectedly C. to stop working temporarily D. to suddenly become very successful68. It was _ that made Marshall a successful artist. A. his talent and diligence B. his dads help with art shows C. his art teachers support D. his desire to help poor people【参考答案】65. B 66. C 67. D 68. A 2021高考英语：数词（附解析）1The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials，the rest of which _ saved for other purposes.Ais BareCwas Dwere答案D句意：这家工厂用了65%的原材料，剩余的被作为它用。raw materials是先行词，which引导的定语从句中，the rest作主语；the rest作主语时，谓语的数由其后的名词而定，而whichraw materials，所以谓语要用复数形式；由主句中的时态可知，从句中要用一般过去时态。故选D项。2Onethird of the country _covered with trees and the majority of the citizens _ black people.Ais；are Bis；isCare；are Dare；is答案A“国家三分之一的领土”在概念上是单数，故系动词用单数；而 “国家公民的大多数”是复数，故系动词用复数。句意：这个国家三分之一的领土被树木掩盖且多数公民为黑人。故选A项。3The girl found the Tshirt sold online was_that in the supermarket.Aas half cheap as Bcheap as half asCthe half price of Dhalf the price of答案D句意：这个女孩发觉网上卖的T恤衫是超市里卖的价格的一半。倍数的表达有三种方式：1）倍数asadj./adv.as被比对象，这一句型中，假如形容词修饰一单数可数名词，那么要把形容词提到冠词的前面来，即：倍数asadj.a/an单数可数名词as被比对象；2）倍数形容词或者副词的比较级than被比对象；3）倍数thesize/width/depth/length/heightof被比对象。这里考查的是第三种形式。4_ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.ATwo fifth；is BTwo fifths；areCTwo fifth；are DTwo fifths；is答案D句意：那个地区五分之二的陆地都被绿树草地所掩盖。twofifths表示“五分之二”，分数或百分数作主语时，谓语动词的单复数要与of后的名词取得全都。land为不行数名词，故正确答案为D项。5Everyone，men and women，old and young _ sports and games.Ais enjoy Bwere enjoyingCenjoys Denjoy答案C本句主语是不定代词everyone，表示单数，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。因此选择C项。6The public _ the best judge because the public always _ their thoughts.Aare；express Bis；expressCis；expresses Dare；expresses答案B前一个public（公众）表示的是集体、整体，故谓语动词要用单数形式。后一个public表示的是个体，即公众中每个成员，故谓语动词要用复数形式。因此B项正确。7Cattle _ well in the country market at present，according to the evening news.Asell BsellsCis being sold Dwill be sold答案A有些集合名词作主语时，应以复数看待。这类名词有people，cattle，police等。 故此处谓语动词要用复数形式，故A项正确。8All the furniture in my office _ made in Hong Kong.Ais BareCwere Dhad been答案A此处furniture作主语，为不行数名词，故谓语动词用单数形式。9Every means _to prevent the water from _.Aare used；polluting Bget used；pollutionCis used；polluted Dhas been used；being polluted答案D本题考查单复数同形的名词作主语时谓语动词的形式。这一类动词有means，works，species等。句意：（政府）用完一切方法来阻挡水受污染。10Britain _ many other industrialized countries，_ major changes over the last 100 years.Atogether with；have experiencedBas well as；have experiencedCin common with；has experiencedDinstead of；has experienced答案Cin common with意为“和一样”，谓语动词单复数跟前面的主语保持全都。句意：与其他工业化国家一样，英国在过去100年里经受了重大的变化。 A、B两项第一空together with，as well as意思及用法与in common with类似，均错在其次空；D项instead of “而不是”，不合句意。11Its said that _ of the students _ absent.Athreefifth；areBthreefifths；isCthirdfifth；isDthreefifths；are答案D五分之三的正确表达为“threefifths”，分数/百分数of名词作主语时，谓语动词要与of后的名词取得全都。此处指students，故D项正确。12Not Jack，but you and I _to blame for the accident.We were so careless.Aam BisCare Dshould答案Cnot.but.作主语时谓语动词的数要与but后的名词取得全都，and连接两个并列的不同概念的名词时谓语动词要用复数形式，故此处选择C项。13What a lot of money！Is it meant for me?Yes，darling.If you get full marks in the exam，youll have _ that.Amore than twice thanBmore than twice as much asCtwice as much thanDas much twice as答案BA倍数as原级asB或者A倍数比较级thanB，故此处只有B项正确。14More than one doctor _ involved in the rescue that took place after the earthquake.Awere BwasCare Dis答案Bmore than one单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，且依据句中took可知要用过去时，故只有B项正确。15The girl sitting by the window is the only one of the students who _ from the countryside in our class.Awas BwereCis Dare答案C句意：坐在窗边的这个女孩是我们班唯一一个来自农村的同学。此处为定语从句中的主谓全都。先行词为one，而不是students，故谓语动词用单数，且时态为现在时态，故只有C项正确。