2022广东清远市高考英语单项选择和阅读理解一轮选练(1)及答案.docx

【由安徽省合肥市2022高考模拟题改编】
阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
Scientists in UK have grown a living human "brain". The team at Aston University created tiny bunch of cells which act like a mini nervous system.
They believe it could help find a cure for worse mental conditions like Parkinson’s disease. Professor Michael Coleman is leading the research program. He explained, "We are aiming to be able to study the human brain at the most basic level, using an actual living human cell system. Cells have to be alive and operating efficiently to enable us to really understand how the brain works. "The experiment involves changing cells from a cancer tumour (肿瘤）and making them behave like brain cells.
Although far from finished, researchers hope the false brain cells will give them a greater understanding of how real brains work. This, in turn, could significantly further research into conditions which affect the brain. Neil Hunt, chief leader of the research group, said, "It is still very early days, but in the future the research could lead to a useful tool for looking into dementia (痴呆)."
The technique could also provide a way to carry on animal test and is being supported by the Humane Research Trust (HRT). The scientists predict that over the next ten years a million people will develop dementia. Professor Coleman believes their findings could change this. He said，"We hope our research will provide scientists with a new and highly relational human experimental model to help them understand the brain better and develop new drugs to control the related disease. However, the biggest challenge at present is that we are greatly short of fund, which will slow our research."
1. UK scientists grow a living human "brain" in order to ______.
A. study the structure of human brain B. make use of living human cell system
C. discover how human brain really works D. separate cells from a cancer tumour
2. According to Neil Hunt, research into brain cells ______.
A. will get finished as early as possible B. will make people discover dementia
C. will affect the brain growth in many ways
D. will help to treat some diseases in nerve system
3. From the last paragraph，we can know that ______
A. the technique provided by HRT is immature
B. animal tests are no longer allowed by law
C. a million people suffer from brain diseases
D. the research program lacks financial support
4. The text is intended to ______.
A. tell us about a breakthrough in medical research
B. introduce a research program in human's brain
C. introduce the progress of drugs for dementia
D. tell us about health problem in nerve system
【参考答案】1—4、CDDB

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
【2021界虹口区质量监控测试题】
Prolonging human life has increased the size of the human population. Many people alive today would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years ago. Because more people live longer, there are more people around at any given time. In fact, it is a decrease in death rates, not an increase in birthrates, that has led to the population explosion.
Prolonging human life has also increased the dependency load. In all societies, people who are disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent on the rest of society to provide for them. In hunting and gathering cultures, old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die. In times of famine (饥荒), infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved, where as if the parents survived they could have another child. In most contemporary societies, people feel a moral obligation (责任) to keep people alive whether they can work or not. We have a great many people today who live past the age at which they want to work or are able to work; we also have rules which require people to retire at a certain age. Unless these people were able to save money for their retirement, somebody else must support them. In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty. Older people have more illnesses than young or middle-aged people; unless they have wealth or private or government insurance, they must often “go on welfare” if they have a serious illness.
When older people become senile (年轻的) or too weak and ill to care for themselves, they create grave problems for their families. In the past and in some traditional cultures, they would be cared for at home until they died. Today with most members of a household working or in school, there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person. To meet this need, a great many nursing homes and convalescent (疗养的) hospitals have been built. These are often profit making organizations, although some are sponsored by religious and other nonprofit groups. While a few of these institutions are good, most of them are simply “dumping (倒垃圾的) grounds” for the dying in which “care” is given by poorly paid, overworked, and under skilled personnel (员工).

72. The author believes that the increased size of the human population results from _______.
A. an increase in birthrates B. the industrial development
C. a decrease in death rates D. childhood diseases
73. It can be inferred from the passage that in hunting and gathering cultures _______.
A. it was a moral responsibility for the families to keep alive the aged people who could not work
B. the survival of infants was less important than that of their parents in times of starvation
C. old people were given the task of imparting (传授) the cultural wisdom of the tribe to new generations
D. death was celebrated as a time of rejoicing for an individual freed of (免除) the hardships of life
74. The phrase “this need” in the last paragraph refers to ________.
A. prolonging the dying old people’s lives
B. reducing the problems caused by the retired people
C. making profits through caring for the sick or weak people
D. taking care of the sick or weak people
75. According to the passage, which of the following statements about the old people in the United States is true?
A. Many of them live on social security money which is hardly enough.
B. Minority of them remain in a state of near poverty after their retirement.
C. Many nursing homes are sponsored by religious and nonprofit groups.
D. Older people have wealth or private insurance if they have a serious illness.
【参考答案】72-75: CBDA

Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
【2021界崇明县】（A）
Marshall was a promising young artist. He painted with great feeling. His paintings were all characterized by a strong love and sympathy for people. His high school art teacher felt he had a special talent.
Marshall’s father didn’t want him to be a painter, however. Mr. Donaldson wanted his son to be a stockbroker(股票经纪人). He wanted Marshall to continue the dynasty started by his great-great grandfather in 1820. The family business, Donaldson and Donaldson Inc., was now a large, successful investment firm.
Mr. Donaldson felt Marshall was much too individualistic. “Listen,” he told his son, “I had no say in choosing my career. I just did what my dad told me.”
“But you are good at business,” Marshall replied. “I’m not. I’m sure I would just cause trouble for you and problems for the company.” Marshall felt there was no way he could ever fill his father’s shoes. And, although he was no stranger to high society, he didn’t feel comfortable among the wealthy. He preferred the ordinary, working-class people of the city. His paintings told of their struggles and their hopes.
Sometimes after school Marshall would hang around outside a factory gate. He would draw the workers as they came out at the end of their shift. Marshall wondered how they could keep doing that hard, boring work year after year. Then he realized most of them would be doing something different if they could. But their great obstacle in life was lack of education.
When Marshall got home, he would take out his paintings. The paintings expressed his sympathy and respect for those hard-working people.
Well, Marshall never did enter the family business. This angered his father. But as Marshall got older, his career as an artist began to take off. He became quite famous, and people paid large amounts for his “plain people” paintings.
In time, this success won Marshall’s dad over. Mr. Donaldson could see his son was born to paint. Marshall was glad his father finally came around. And happily, the two began to work together after all. Twice each year they held a benefit art show.
Marshall donated a number of his paintings to be sold at each show. The persuasive Mr. Donaldson got his wealthy friends and clients(客户) to attend—and to spend. The money from the art sales was used to help factory workers improve their education.

65. Why didn’t Marshall’s father want Marshall to be a painter at first?
A. He thought Marshall was good at business rather than art.
B. He expected Marshall to continue their family business.
C. He wanted Marshall to earn more money.
D. He thought Marshall was individualistic.
66. From the passage we can learn that ___________.
A. Marshall’s choice turned out to be wrong
B. Marshall’s choice affected their family business
C. Marshall’s father at last supported Marshall’s choice
D. Marshall’s father was always unhappy with Marshall’s choice
67. The underlined phrase “take off” in paragraph 7 probably means “__________”.
A. to take away or remove
B. to go away unexpectedly
C. to stop working temporarily
D. to suddenly become very successful
68. It was __________ that made Marshall a successful artist.
A. his talent and diligence B. his dad’s help with art shows
C. his art teacher’s support D. his desire to help poor people
【参考答案】65. B 66. C 67. D 68. A

2021高考英语：数词（附解析）
1．The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials，the rest of which ______ saved for other purposes.
A．is B．are
C．was D．were
答案　D　[句意：这家工厂用了65%的原材料，剩余的被作为它用。raw materials是先行词，which引导的定语从句中，the rest作主语；the rest作主语时，谓语的数由其后的名词而定，而which＝raw materials，所以谓语要用复数形式；由主句中的时态可知，从句中要用一般过去时态。故选D项。]
2．One­third of the country covered with trees and the majority of the citizens ______ black people.
A．is；are B．is；is
C．are；are D．are；is
答案　A　[“国家三分之一的领土”在概念上是单数，故系动词用单数；而 “国家公民的大多数”是复数，故系动词用复数。句意：这个国家三分之一的领土被树木掩盖且多数公民为黑人。故选A项。]
3．The girl found the T­shirt sold online was______that in the supermarket.
A．as half cheap as B．cheap as half as
C．the half price of D．half the price of
答案　D　[句意：这个女孩发觉网上卖的T恤衫是超市里卖的价格的一半。倍数的表达有三种方式：1）倍数＋as＋adj./adv.＋as＋被比对象，这一句型中，假如形容词修饰一单数可数名词，那么要把形容词提到冠词的前面来，即：倍数＋as＋adj.＋a/an＋单数可数名词＋as＋被比对象；2）倍数＋形容词或者副词的比较级＋than＋被比对象；3）倍数＋the＋size/width/depth/length/height＋of＋被比对象。这里考查的是第三种形式。]
4．______ of the land in that district ______ covered with trees and grass.
A．Two fifth；is B．Two fifths；are
C．Two fifth；are D．Two fifths；is
答案　D　[句意：那个地区五分之二的陆地都被绿树草地所掩盖。two­fifths表示“五分之二”，分数或百分数作主语时，谓语动词的单复数要与of后的名词取得全都。land为不行数名词，故正确答案为D项。]
5．Everyone，men and women，old and young ______ sports and games.
A．is enjoy B．were enjoying
C．enjoys D．enjoy
答案　C　[本句主语是不定代词everyone，表示单数，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。因此选择C项。]
6．The public ______ the best judge because the public always ______ their thoughts.
A．are；express B．is；express
C．isexpresses D．are；expresses
答案　B　[前一个public（公众）表示的是集体、整体，故谓语动词要用单数形式。后一个public表示的是个体，即公众中每个成员，故谓语动词要用复数形式。因此B项正确。]
7．Cattle ______ well in the country market at present，according to the evening news.
A．sell B．sells
C．is being sold D．will be sold
答案　A　[有些集合名词作主语时，应以复数看待。这类名词有people，cattle，police等。 故此处谓语动词要用复数形式，故A项正确。]
8．All the furniture in my office ______ made in Hong Kong.
A．is B．are
C．were D．had been
答案　A　[此处furniture作主语，为不行数名词，故谓语动词用单数形式。]
9．Every means ______to prevent the water from ______.
A．are used；polluting B．get used；pollution
C．is used；polluted D．has been used；being polluted
答案　D　[本题考查单复数同形的名词作主语时谓语动词的形式。这一类动词有means，works，species等。句意：（政府）用完一切方法来阻挡水受污染。]
10．Britain ____ many other industrialized countries，___ major changes over the last 100 years.
A．together with；have experienced
B．as well as；have experienced
C．in common with；has experienced
D．instead of；has experienced
答案　C　[in common with意为“和……一样”，谓语动词单复数跟前面的主语保持全都。句意：与其他工业化国家一样，英国在过去100年里经受了重大的变化。 A、B两项第一空together with，as well as意思及用法与in common with类似，均错在其次空；D项instead of “而不是”，不合句意。]
11．It's said that ______ of the students ______ absent.
A．three­fifth；are
B．three­fifths；is
C．third­fifth；is
D．three­fifths；are
答案　D　[五分之三的正确表达为“three­fifths”，分数/百分数＋of＋名词作主语时，谓语动词要与of后的名词取得全都。此处指students，故D项正确。]
12．Not Jack，but you and I ______to blame for the accident.We were so careless.
A．am B．is
C．are D．should
答案　C　[not...but作主语时谓语动词的数要与but后的名词取得全都，and连接两个并列的不同概念的名词时谓语动词要用复数形式，故此处选择C项。]
13．—What a lot of money！Is it meant for me?
—Yes，darling.If you get full marks in the exam，you'll have ______ that.
A．more than twice than
B．more than twice as much as
C．twice as much than
D．as much twice as
答案　B　[A＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B或者A＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B，故此处只有B项正确。]
14．More than one doctor ______ involved in the rescue that took place after the earthquake.
A．were B．was
C．are D．is
答案　B　[more than one＋单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，且依据句中took可知要用过去时，故只有B项正确。]
15．The girl sitting by the window is the only one of the students who ______ from the countryside in our class.
A．was B．were
C．is D．are
答案　C　[句意：坐在窗边的这个女孩是我们班唯一一个来自农村的同学。此处为定语从句中的主谓全都。先行词为one，而不是students，故谓语动词用单数，且时态为现在时态，故只有C项正确。]