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阅读理解专题卷48
The World Health Organization recently reported that the number of cases of tuberculosis(TB) has been abating since 2006 . Also, fewer people are dying from TB. But a study by researchers at the University of California, San Francisco, says smoking could threaten this progress.
Nearly twenty percent of all people use tobacco, and millions of non-smokers get sick from breathing the smoke. The new study predicts that smoking will produce an additional thirty-four million TB deaths by 2024.
Efforts to control the spread of TB have mainly focused on finding and treating infections. Fewer efforts have been made to understand the causes. Dr Anthony Fauci is the director of the United States National Institute of Allergy and Infectious diseases. He said, “Despite our control efforts, we still have more than a million people each year dying from TB and millions of people getting infected; we realize it’s still a very important problem. So we have to do the practical thing and we have to do the fundamental research things at the same time. ”
Smoking does not cause TB; bacteria cause the infection. But the study says smoking affects the nervous system in a way that makes an inactive case of TB more likely to develop into an active one. Stanton Glantz is the director of the University of California’s Centre for Tobacco Control Research and Education and an author of the new study. He says it shows that TB cannot be controlled unless tobacco use is controlled. He said, “It increases the number of people who will get TB by about seven percent.”
The study is described as the first to identify a direct link between tobacco use and rates of TB infection and death. Professor Glantz says the results should guide those creating health policies and TB control efforts. He said, “If you want to control the infectious disease of TB, you have to control the tobacco industry and the tobacco industry’s efforts to increase tobacco use, particularly in developing countries where TB is a big problem.”
1．What would be the beat title for this passage?
A. Scientists try to find the causes of TB deaths.
B. Study shows smoking is harmful to our health.
C. Study links smoking to millions of TB deaths.
D. Scientists pay more attention to TB deaths than before.
2．What does the underlined word “abating” in Paragraph 1 mean?
A. Responding B. Surviving. C. Rising. D. Falling.
3． What would Dr Anthony Fauci probably agree with?
A. More efforts are needed to find the causes of TB infections.
B. TB infections are no longer a serious problem.
C. Few efforts have been put into the work of treating TB infections.
D.The practical and the fundamental research cannot be done together at present.
4．It is implied in the passage that ____________.
A. it is not very hard to control TB
B. smoking indirectly leads to TB
C. an inactive case of TB is deadly
D. people cannot blame smoking for TB
During the last century we have moved from the Industrial Age through the Information Age to the Knowledge Age. The ability to obtain and apply the right knowledge effectively will become a key skill in the next century. Our ability will no longer be judged only by knowledge gained in the past, but will also be measured by our ability to learn and adapt in the future.
Learning isn’t just about economic success, however. It is the key to achieving our full potential(潜能,潜力). Human beings are particularly adapted to learn and we have the ability to do so throughout our lives.
Learning has the power to change us. Specifically, we can become more successful. Learning can enable us to solve problems and change our attitudes. It makes us more interesting to be with. It can be enormous fun. It can also be very challenging.
We all have the ability, at any age, to change our lives through learning. Our survival in the twenty-first century as individuals, organizations and nations, will depend on our ability to learn. A learning population is healthier, more tolerant(容忍的,宽容的), independent and fulfilled. Learning can take place in a range of styles: anytime, anywhere, anyhow.
None of us learn in isolation(隔绝,孤立). There are a whole range of factors that can affect us in learning. The key factors affecting people’s learning include: ●their resources ●their image of learning ●the rewards associated with any learning activity ●the availability of information about learning opportunities ●the climate created by government and employers in which learning takes place
5． What is the most important skill in the next century according to the passage?
A. Knowledge we obtained in the past.
B. Computer skill.
C. The ability to obtain and apply knowledge.
D. Foreign language.
6． What is the most important purpose of learning?
A. To succeed economically.
B. To achieve in life.
C. To solve problems.
D. To achieve our full potential.
7． In many ways learning has the power to transform us, so which of the following does NOT belong to the ways?
A. We can have a longer life.
B. We can become more successful through learning.
C. We can be more open-minded.
D. We can be more agreeable.
8．Which of the following proverbs can best go with the fourth paragraph?
A. Learning makes a good man better and an ill man worse.
B. It’s never too late to learn.
C. Reading makes a full man.
D. Knowledge is power.
One often hears that children should arrive at school “ready to learn.” For most children, the acquisition of reading and math skills starts in the first grade. In states where kindergarten is compulsory, it begins even earlier.
Many parents, teachers, and politicians maintain that preschool is the best way to prepare children to learn. There is no real consensus, however, about how this preparation should be achieved.
For some, early childhood education relates to the development of the whole child. They think that preschool should encourage exploration and discovery. Group activities teach positive social behaviors such as sharing, kindness, and patience. Time spent alone encourages independence. Learning letters and counting is important only for children who show an interest in them. Advocates of this approach stress that each child is unique and should learn at his or her own pace.
Other people refer to research showing that children are ready to absorb basic academic concepts by age 3 or 4. They claim that early introduction to letters and numbers lays the foundation for later academic excellence. Since the 1980s, many people have stressed the value of preschool and point to the success of programs -such as Head Start - that target low-income children.
Is there proof that an academic curriculum in preschool will lead to academic success? Studies have not been conclusive. In the short term, evidence suggests that middle-class children who attend preschool are ahead of their peers in maths and language skills as well as in social skills, when they enter school. However, the same studies show that the gap narrows considerably by the time children reach age 8.
Children living in poverty are a different matter. Those enrolled in programs such as Head Start seem to do better than impoverished children who do not attend a preschool. For instance, youngsters in one group enrolled in the program, tracked until the age of 21, earned higher scores on intelligence tests, were more likely to graduate from high school, and demonstrated more interest in higher education.
The idea of public preschool raises many issues. Providing Head Start for all children would be a financial burden on communities that already struggle to fund current school programs. Also, where would a sufficient number of teachers trained in early childhood development be found?
9．
Advocates of the development of the whole child believe school readiness is______ .
A. showing eagerness in exploration and discovery
B. learning basic skills, such as knowing letters and counting
C. showing great interest in basic academic concepts
D. demonstration of intellectual , social and emotional skills
10．
According to the passage, Head Start is most probably______ .
A. a preschool program that supports disabled children
B. a program that helps impoverished children attend a school
C. an organization that aims to improve current school programs
D. a program that helps design the academic curriculum in preschool
11．
Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Preschool benefits middle-class children more than poor children.
B. Most children start school with similar language and social skills.
C. Providing Head Start for all children has encountered great difficulties.
D. All children are ready to absorb basic academic concepts by age 3 or 4.
12．
Which of the following may best summarize the main idea of the passage?
A. An academic curriculum in preschool will lead to academic success.
B. Preshool is helpful, despite the disagreement about what it should offer.
C. Children enrolled in preschool demonstrate more interest in learning.
D. Preschool education shouldn't be a financial burden on communities.
Forty-two of the fifty American states offered some kind of public online learning this past school year．One state，Michigan，now requires all students to have an online learning experience before they finish high school．Even the idea of a school has changed since the rise of the Internet in the 1990s．
A new report from the Center for Evaluation and Education Policy at Indiana University says eighteen states have full-time virtual schools．There are no buildings．All classes are online．
Florida started the first statewide public virtual school in the United States in 1997．Today，the Florida Virtual School offers more man ninety courses．56,000 students were enrolled as of December．Almost sixty percent were female．The school's website says each student was enrolled in an average of two classes．
Florida Virtual School has now opened the Florida Virtual Global School．Students in other countries pay for classes．Janet Heiking teaches an English class．She lives in Indianapolis, Indiana．Her students live as far away as Africa and Japan．She says they are taking her Advanced Placement class to prepare for attending an American college．They can earn college credits by passing the AP test．
So how good are virtual schools? Studies have shown mixed results, as a new report from Indiana University notes．For example, students at Florida Virtual School earned higher grades than those taking the same courses the traditional way．And they scored higher on a statewide
test．But virtual school students in Kansas and Colorado had lower test scores or performed at a lower level than traditional learners．Studies also find that virtual schools may not save much in operating costs．
Education experts say the mixed results suggest the need for more research to find the best ways to teach in virtual schools．A1so, they say schools of education need to train more teachers to work in both real and virtual classrooms．
13．A virtual school is one that___________．
A．is set up after the rise of the Internet
B．uses textbooks as a main teaching resource
C．uses computer-based resources and has no teachers
D．has online classes and no real classrooms
14．The first statewide public virtual school in the USA was started in ________ ．
A．Florida B．Indiana C．Michigan D．Colorado
15．Florida Virtual School is open to ________．
A．students in Indiana
B．students only around the USA
C．students across the world
D．only foreign students
16．Foreign students take Advanced Placement classes for the eventual purpose of __________ ．
A．earning college credits
B．entering an American college
C．learning advanced science
D．passing the AP test
17．From the passage we learn that________．
A．the majority of virtual school students in Florida are male
B．all senior students m Michigan have an online learning experience
C．virtual schools are better than traditional schools
D．both real and virtual classrooms need more trained teachers
A huge cloud of dust rose and an overpass disappeared. This was the scene in Zhuzhou，Hunan Province on May 17.Nine people were killed and 16 injured.
Things were similar last year in the Sichuan earthquake. Thousands of people were buried in the ruins and lost their lives. What if we could have warned them?
People are always racking their brains to find a way of preventing buildings’ collapse. Better materials and technology help，but they are not a solution.
Just like humans，a building has its own life cycle from “birth” to “death”．If we know when a building is going to collapse，we can repair it in advance or get out of it before it falls.
Now，scientists at the University of Illinois have developed a material that turns red before it breaks. The invention could be used in things like climbing ropes or bridge supports.
The research was led by Nancy Sottos，a professor at the university’s Beckman Institute，and Douglas Davis，a graduate research assistant.
The secret behind the colorchanging material is a type of molecule (分子)．A molecule is a group of atoms held together by chemical bonds. Imagine you and your friends standing in a circle，holding hands. Each person stands for one atom，your hands represent the bonds，and the entire circle represents a molecule. If one person lets go of his or her hands，the molecule changes color.
The research team put the molecule into a soft material. When the researchers stretched the material，it turned bright red for a few seconds before it broke into two pieces. When they repeatedly stretched and relaxed the material，without breaking it，it only turned a little red.
The major problem is that light can get rid of the red color. When the team shone bright light on the molecule，the broken bond was fixed，and the color disappeared.
If the bright light keeps the red color from appearing，the material’s warning system will be useless. Scientists still have a lot of work to do before the colorchanging molecules can be used outside the lab.
18．What does the passage mainly introduce?
A．The collapse of an overpass in Zhuzhou，Hunan Province.
B．The Sichuan earthquake
C．A material that turns red before it breaks.
D．A way of preventing building from collapsing.
19．The underlined words “racking their brains” in the third paragraph mean ________.
A．suffering a lot B．collecting beyond imagination
C．losing a lot D．thinking very hard
20．Which of the following is a WRONG statement?
A．Thousands of people died from the collapse of buildings in the Sichuan earthquake because they hadn’t been warned.
B．There is no building that will never collapse.
C．A new material has been applied to buildings to warn people of collapse.
D．A colorchanging material can turn red before it breaks.
21．What can we infer from t
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