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阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
Isaac Stern was more than a great violin player.He was one of the most honored musicians in the world.He was an international cultural ambassador.He was a major supporter of the arts in America and in other countries.He was a teacher and activist.
Isaac Stern was born in 1920 in what is now Ukraine.His parents moved to San Francisco，California the following year.His mother began teaching Isaac the piano when he was six. He began taking violin lessons after hearing a friend play the instrument.Later，he began studying music at the San Francisco Conservatory(音乐学院)．He progressed quickly.When he was 16，he played with the San Francisco Symphony Orchestra.The next year，he performed in New York City and was praised by music critics.
During World War II ，Mr.Stern played for thousands of American soldiers.It was the first time many of them had heard classical music.After the war，he was the first American violinist to perform in a concert in the Soviet union.He also supported young musicians and cultural organizations in Israel.
In 1979，Isaac Stern visited China.He met with Chinese musicians and students.He taught them about classical Western music.His visit was made into a film，which is called From Mao to Mozart：Isaac Stern in China.It won an Academy Award for best documentary film.
In 1984，Isaac Stern received the Kennedy Center Honors Award for his gifts to American culture through music.He expressed his thoughts about the part that music plays in life.He said he believed that music makes life better for everyone，especially children.
Mr.Stern supported and guided younger classical musicians.They include violinists Itzhak Perlman and Pinchas Zukerman，cellist YoYo Ma，and pianist Yefim Bronfman.
Isaac Stern died in 2001 at the age of 81.He was a major influence on music in the 20th century.He leaves the world richer with his many recordings.
【文章大意】本文具体介绍了小提琴家艾萨克·施特恩的生平以及他在音乐方面和国际文化方面的贡献。
1．Which of the following statements is TRUE about Isaac Stern?
A．He was born in California in the 1920s.
B．He had visited many countries to advertise his recordings.
C．He played less than one hundred concerts in all.
D．His excellent music life lasted over 60 years.
答案：D 细节理解题。依据上下文可知，他从16岁的时候就开头表演，81岁的时候去世，所以他的音乐人生经受了60多年，所以D项是正确的。
2．The underlined word“cellist”in Paragraph 6 may refer to________.
A．someone who supports young musicians
B．someone who wants to be a musician
C．someone who has a gift for music
D．someone who plays a certain kind of instrument
答案：D 词义猜想题。依据前文的violinists“小提琴家”和下文的pianist“钢琴家”可以猜想是演奏某种乐器的人。
3．From the passage，we can infer that________.
A．Isaac Stern influenced the culture in the 20th century a lot
B．Isaac Stern was one of the most active musicians of his day
C．Isaac Stern was so busy that he couldn't spare time to educate the youth
D．Isaac Stern led a rich life in his later life
答案：B 推理推断题。依据文章中他的音乐经受可以推知他是他所在的年月里最活跃的音乐家之一，因此B项符合文意。
4．What will be the best title for the passage?
A．Isaac Stern and the Awards He Got
B．Isaac Stern's Life of Pursuing Music
C．Isaac Stern：One of the Most Honored Musicians
D．Isaac Stern's Visit to China
答案：C 主旨大意题。依据文章第一段其次句He was one of the most honored musicians in the world.(即主题句)以及全文所述可知C项最适合当标题。A、B、D三项所表达的都是片面的。
阅读理解。
I've been writing for most of my life. The book Writing Without Teachers introduced me to one distinction and one practice that has helped my writing processes tremendously. The distinction is between the creative mind and the critical mind. While you need to employ both to get to a finished result, they cannot work in parallel no matter how much we might like to think so.
Trying to criticize writing on the fly is possibly the single greatest barrier to writing that most of us encounter. If you are listening to that 5th grade English teacher correct your grammar while you are trying to capture a fleeting(稍纵即逝的) thought, the thought will die. If you capture the fleeting thought and simply share it with the world in raw form, no one is likely to understand. You must learn to create first and then criticize if you want to make writing the tool for thinking that it is.
The practice that can help you pass your learned bad habits of trying to edit as you write is what Elbow calls “free writing”. In free writing, the objective is to get words down on paper non-stop, usually for 15-20 minutes. No stopping, no going back, no criticizing. The goal is to get the words flowing. As the words begin to flow, the ideas will come from the shadows and let themselves be captured on your notepad or your screen.
Now you have raw materials that you can begin to work with using the critical mind that you've persuaded to sit on the side and watch quietly. Most likely, you will believe that this will take more time than you actually have and you will end up staring blankly at the pages as the deadline draws near.
Instead of staring at a blank screen start filling it with words no matter how bad. Halfway through your available time, stop and rework your raw writing into something closer to finished product. Move back and forth until you run out of time and the final result will most likely be far better than your current practices.
11. When the author says the creative mind and the critical mind “cannot work in parallel” (Line 4, Para. 1) in the writing process, he means ________.
A. no one can be both creative and critical
B. they cannot be regarded as equally important
C. they are in constant conflict with each other
D. one cannot use them at the same time
12. What prevents people from writing on is ________.
A. putting their ideas in raw form
B. attempting to edit as they write
C. ignoring grammatical soundness
D. trying to capture fleeting thoughts
13. What is the chief objective of the first stage of writing?
A. To organize one's thoughts logically. B. To choose an appropriate topic.
C. To get one's ideas down. D. To collect raw materials.
14. One common concern of writers about “free writing” is that ________.
A. it overstresses the role of the creative mind
B. it takes too much time to edit afterwards
C. it may bring about too much criticism
D. it does not help them to think clearly
15. What’s the main idea of the passage?
A. It introduces the author’s writing method.
B. It tells us something about the creative mind.
C. It highlights the importance of critical mind.
D. It shows the difficulties to write on the fly.
【参考答案】11—15、DBCBA
阅读理解。
The record rise in world food prices last month is not only a start to a possible "food price shock" in the coming months, but also an obvious warning that the international community cannot afford to ignore. The fearful consequences of long-term climate change are more closing now and divided response to the global financial crisis could make them worse.
Early this week, the United Nations' Food and Agricultural Organization announced that its benchmark food price index had jumped to 214.7 points in December, above the previous peak of 213.5, which was set in June 2008 and caused food riots(暴乱) in some poor countries.
With the world economy showing little sign of emerging out of the mess any time soon, the record increase in food prices is certainly shocking.
The 2008 food crisis was a "silent tsunami" for the world's poor. So, what will happen if food prices remain high over the next several months? The obvious answer is: The number of hungry people across the world, about 1 billion according to UN estimates, will almost certainly increase. Hence, the international community should prepare to solve a food crisis similar to that in 2008. For the moment, that means policymakers across the globe should make joint efforts to prevent panic over food prices both at home and in the global market.
But to prevent such food crises from happening again, the international community must first recognize that our future is likely to be affected by extreme weather more seriously than feared earlier if we continue to drag our feet in the fight against climate change.
The looming food crisis calls for a stronger sense of urgency than what negotiators, especially those from developed countries, have shown at UN climate change conferences in recent years.
Besides, soaring world food prices also highlight the threat of super-loose monetary policies that some rich countries have adopted to let rapid inflation erode（腐蚀） the real value of their debt burden. Excessive liquidity from developed countries has pushed up commodity prices in the world market and created considerable inflationary(通货膨胀) pressure on developing countries. This is unfair to developing countries, which are relatively poor and suffer a lot more from food-led inflation.
As the world's most populous country, China can draw some comfort from its bumper harvest last year, which was also its seventh continuous rich harvest. The country's success in feeding one-fifth of the world's population with less than 10 percent of global farming land shows that its great efforts to increase agricultural production have paid rich interest.
But Chinese policymakers cannot assume that such favorable conditions will continue. Rapid urbanization and population changes in the country will make it increasingly difficult to further raise grain output.
Therefore, China should take the record rise in world food prices as a call to double its efforts to improve farm productivity.
16. What’s the best title of the passage?
A. Urgent Concern about the Rise of the World Food Prices
B. The Climate Changes Are to Blame
C. Global Farming
D. Urgent Concern about the Poor Countries.
17. What will happen if food prices remain high over the next several months?
A. The number of hungry people all over the world will almost certainly increase.
B. Many people will die easily for lack of food.
C. People will fight with each other and cause riots across the world.
D. Excessive liquidity from developed countries will create considerable inflation.
18. Which of the following is not true according to the passage?
A. The rapid inflation eroded the real value of some rich countries’ debt burden by the super-loose monetary policies.
B. People all over the world should work together to prevent the food crisis.
C. The food price index had jumped to the peak in 2008.
D. The developing countries suffered a lot more from food-led inflation.
19. Which of the following has the similar meaning to the underlined phrase “drag our feet”?
A. quicken our pace B. slow our pace
C. pull our feet. D. walk quickly
20. The Chinese policymakers doubt whether the grain output will continue to increase because_________.
A. the farms will not work harder than before
B. the population in China will be smaller and smaller
C. more houses will be built on the farm land in the future
D. the terrible weather will affect the agriculture production
【参考答案】16—20、AACBC
任务型读写
Autumn is a time when nature prepares to test and it is just the same with many people.With less energy or strength they have no desire to meet with friends after work，preferring to sit still in front of the television before going to bed early.And the next morning they find it hard to get up，too.
For most people，this period of time passes without any major effects，but a small minority suffer from complete winter depression(压抑)．Apart from tiredness and without energy，the latter often has the following symptoms(症状)．
They have an increased need for sleep and also for sweet food like chocolate.Normally，depression is along with difficulty in falling asleep and loss of appetite(胃口)．
True winter depression exists when the symptoms occur repeatedly in autumn and winter.Moreover，they have to last at least two weeks.Symptoms of winter depression begin for northern hemisphere(北半球)countries in October，November or December，and reduce in January.The symptoms decrease when the days grow longer again.
Lack of light during the cold months is the cause of people’s depression.
To reduce the bad effect of the winter depression，sufferers should spend as much time outdoors as possible.Exercise is also a tested cure for depression.A regular sleep wake cycle can help too，and sufferers should stick to it even at weekends.By getting up early，they can receive more daylight regardless of the weather.
Title
Light up your life
Main idea
People who 36.________ from winter depression can light up their life.
37.________
·Feel tired.
·Lack 38.________.
·Need more sleep and sweet food.
·Find it 39.________ to go to sleep.
·Have no 40.________ to have meals.
Occurrence
·Winter depression exists with the symptoms occurring over and over again in autumn and winter，and 41.________ two weeks or longer.
·Winter depression starts for northern hemisphere countries in October，November or December and 42.________ in January.
Cause
·43.________ to lack of light in cold weather
Solutions
·Spend as much time outdoors as 44.________.
·Take exercise.
·Go to bed and get up 45.________ every day.
36. suffer [其次段第一句是关键句。]
37．Symptoms [其次段末有该词，第三段对该词进行了解释。]
38．energy [其次段其次句里的energy是关键词。]
39．hard/difficult [第三段其次句里的difficulty是解题关键。]
40．desire/appetite [第三段末句里的appetite是解题线索。]
41．lasts [第四段其次句是解题线索。]
42．decreases/reduces [第四段倒数其次句是解题线索。]
43．Due [第五段里的the cause of是解题线索。]
44．possible [末段首句里的“as much time outdoors as possible”是解题线索。]
45．regularly [末段第三句是解题线索。]
【上海市黄浦区2022模拟】任务型阅读
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.
Travelers arriving at Heathrow airport this year have been met by the smell of freshly-cut grass, pumped from a corner through an “aroma box”, a machine which blows warm, sweet-smelling air into the environment.
Heathrow’s move into “sensory” marketing is the latest in a long line of attempts by businesses to use sensory psychology — the scientific study of the effects of the senses on our behavior to help sell products. Marketing people call this “atmosphere” — using smells to influence consumer behavior. On Valentine’s Day two years ago, the chain of chemist’s Superdog scented one of its London shops with chocolate. “Chocolate is associated with love, ” said a marketing spokeswoman, “We thought it would get people in the mood for romance.” She did not reveal, though, whether the smell actually made people spend more money.
However, research into customer satisfaction with certain scented products has clearly shown that smell does have a commercial effect, though of course it must be an appropriate smell. In a survey, customers considered a lemon-scented detergent (洗涤剂) more effective than another scented with coconut despite the fact that the detergent used in both was similar. On the other hand, a coconut-scented sun cream was rated more effective than
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