资源描述
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中选出最佳选项。
I lost my sight when I was four years old by falling off a box car in a freight yard in Atlantic City and landing on my head．Now I am thirty two．I can slightly remember the brightness of sunshine and what color red is．It would be wonderful to see again, but a calamity（灾难） can do strange things to people．It occurred to me the other day that I might not have come to love life as I do if I hadn't been blind．I believe in life now．I am not so sure that I would have believed in it so deeply, otherwise．I don't mean that I would prefer to go without my eyes．I simply mean that the loss of them made me appreciate the more what I had left．
The hardest lesson I had to learn was to believe in myself．That was basic．If I hadn't been able to do that, I would have collapsed and become a chair rocker on the front porch for the rest of my life．When I say belief in myself I am not talking about simply the kind of self confidence that helps me down an unfamiliar staircase alone．That is part of it．But I mean something bigger than that: an assurance that I am, despite imperfections, a real, positive person; that somewhere in the sweeping, intricate（错综简洁的） pattern of people there is a special place where I can make myself fit．
It took me years to discover and strengthen this assurance．It had to start with the simplest things．Once a man gave me an indoor baseball．I thought he was making fun of me and I was hurt．"I can't use this．" I said．"Take it with you," he urged me, "and roll it around．" The words stuck in my head．"Roll it around! "By rolling the ball I could hear where it went．This gave me an idea how to achieve a goal I had thought impossible: playing baseball．At Philadelphia's Overbrook School for the Blind I invented a successful variation of baseball．We called it ground ball．
All my life I have set ahead of me a series of goals and then tried to reach them, one at a time．I had to learn my limitations．It was no good trying for something that I knew at the start was wildly out of reach because that only invited the bitterness of failure．I would fail sometimes anyway but on the average I made progress．
1．We can learn from the beginning of the passage that _______
A．the author lost his sight because of a car crash．
B．the author wouldn't love life if the disaster didn't happen．
C．the disaster made the author appreciate what he had．
D．the disaster strengthened the author's desire to see．
2．What's the most difficult thing for the author?
A． How to adjust himself to reality．
B．Building up assurance that he can find his place in life．
C．Learning to manage his life alone．
D．How to invent a successful variation of baseball．
3．According to the context, “a chair rocker on the front porch” in paragraph 3 means that the author __________
A．would sit in a rocking chair and enjoy his life．
B．would be unable to move and stay in a rocking chair．
C．would lose his will to struggle against difficulties．
D．would sit in a chair and stay at home．
4．According to the passage, the baseball and encouragement offered by the man _____
A．hurt the author's feeling．
B．gave the author a deep impression．
C．directly led to the invention of ground ball．
D．inspired the author．
5．What is the best title for the passage?
A．A Miserable Life
B．Struggle Against Difficulties
C．A Disaster Makes a Strong Person
D．An Unforgettable Experience
【参考答案】1---5、CBCDC
Passage Twelve (Religion and Rationality)
Yet the difference in tome and language must strike us, so soon as it is philosophy that speaks: that change should remind us that even if the function of religion and that of reason coincide, this function is performed in the two cases by very different organs. Religions are many, reason one. Religion consists of conscious ideas, hopes, enthusiasms, and objects of worship; it operates by grace and flourishes by prayer. Reason, on the other hand, is a mere principle or potential order, on which indeed we may come to reflect but which exists in us ideally only, without variation or stress of any kind. We conform or do not conform to it; it does not urge or chide us, not call for any emotions on our part other than those naturally aroused by the various objects which it unfolds in their true nature and proportion. Religion brings some order into life by weighting it with new materials. Reason adds to the natural materials only the perfect order which it introduces into them. Rationality is nothing but a form, an ideal constitution which experience may more or less embody. Religion is a part of experience itself, a mass of sentiments and ideas. The one is an inviolate principle, the other a changing and struggling force. And yet this struggling and changing force of religion seems to direct man toward something eternal. It seems to make for an ultimate harmony within the soul and for an ultimate harmony between the soul and all that the soul depends upon. Religion, in its intent, is a more conscious and direct pursuit of the Life of Reason than is society, science, or art, for these approach and fill out the ideal life tentatively and piecemeal, hardly regarding the foal or caring for the ultimate justification of the instinctive aims. Religion also has an instinctive and blind side and bubbles up in all manner of chance practices and intuitions; soon, however, it feels its way toward the heart of things, and from whatever quarter it may come, veers in the direction of the ultimate.
Nevertheless, we must confess that this religious pursuit of the Life of Reason has been singularly abortive. Those within the pale of each religion may prevail upon themselves, to express satisfaction with its results, thanks to a fond partiality in reading the past and generous draughts of hope for the future; but any one regarding the various religions at once and comparing their achievements with what reason requires, must feel how terrible is the disappointment which they have one and all prepared for mankind. Their chief anxiety has been to offer imaginary remedies for mortal ills, some of which are incurable essentially, while others might have been really cured by well-directed effort. The Greed oracles, for instance, pretended to heal out natural ignorance, which has its appropriate though difficult cure, while the Christian vision of heaven pretended to be an antidote to our natural death—the inevitable correlate of birth and of a changing and conditioned existence. By methods of this sort little can be done for the real betterment of life. To confuse intelligence and dislocate sentiment by gratuitous fictions is a short-sighted way of pursuing happiness. Nature is soon avenged. An unhealthy exaltation and a one-sided morality have to be followed by regrettable reactions. When these come. The real rewards of life may seem vain to a relaxed vitality, and the very name of virtue may irritate young spirits untrained in and natural excellence. Thus religion too often debauches the morality it comes to sanction and impedes the science it ought to fulfill.
What is the secret of this ineptitude? Why does religion, so near to rationality in its purpose, fall so short of it in its results? The answer is easy; religion pursues rationality through the imagination. When it explains events or assigns causes, it is an imaginative substitute for science. When it gives precepts, insinuates ideals, or remoulds aspiration, it is an imaginative substitute for wisdom—I mean for the deliberate and impartial pursuit of all food. The condition and the aims of life are both represented in religion poetically, but this poetry tends to arrogate to itself literal truth and moral authority, neither of which it possesses. Hence the depth and importance of religion becomes intelligible no less than its contradictions and practical disasters. Its object is the same as that of reason, but its method is to proceed by intuition and by unchecked poetical conceits.
1. As used in the passage, the author would define “wisdom” as
[A]. the pursuit of rationality through imagination.
. an unemotional search for the truth.
[C]. a purposeful and unbiased quest for what is best.
[D]. a short-sighted way of pursuing happiness
2. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?
[A]. Religion seeks the truth through imagination, reason, in its search, utilizes the emotions.
. Religion has proved an ineffective tool in solving man’s problems.
[C]. Science seeks a piece meal solution to man’s questions.
[D]. The functions of philosophy and reason are the same.
3. According to the author, science differs from religion in that
[A]. it is unaware of ultimate goals. . it is unimaginative.
[C]. its findings are exact and final. [D]. it resembles society and art.
4. The author states that religion differs from rationality in that
[A]. it relies on intuition rather than reasoning .
. it is not concerned with the ultimate justification of its instinctive aims.
[C]. it has disappointed mankind.
[D]. it has inspired mankind.
5. According to the author, the pursuit of religion has proved to be
[A]. imaginative. . a provider of hope for the future.
[C]. a highly intellectual activity [D]. ineffectual.
Vocabulary
1. grace 赏赐，慈祥，感化，感思祷告
2. chide 责怪
3. sentiment 情感
4. inviolate 不受侵害的，纯洁的
5. intent 意义，含义
6. piecemeal 一件件，渐渐的，零碎的
7. bubble up 起泡，沸腾，兴奋
8. veer 转变方向，转向
9. abortive 夭折的，失败的，中断的，流产的。
10. pale 范围，界限
11. draught 要求
12. oracle 神谕宣誓，预言，圣言
13. antidote 解毒药，矫正方法
14. correlate 相互关系
15. dislocate 使离开原来位置，打乱正常秩序
16. gratuitous 无偿的，没有理由的。
17. debauch 使失落，放荡
18. sanction 支持，鼓舞，认可
19. impede 阻碍，制止
20. ineptitude 不恰当，无能，愚蠢
21. insinuate 示意
22. remould 重塑，重铸
23. aspiration 抱负，壮志
24. arrogate 没来由反把……归于（to ）
25. literal 朴实的，字面的
26. intelligible 可以理解的。
27. conceit 幻想，奇想
难句译注
1. Yet the difference in tome and language must strike us, so soon as it is philosophy that speaks: that change should remind us that even if the function of religion and that of reason coincide, this function is performed in the two cases by very different organs.
[参考译文] 可是音调和语言的差异必定很快的给我们深刻的印象，就象哲学所说的那样：那种差异应提乡我们，即使宗教的功能和理性的功能恰好相符的话，其功能也是通过不同的器官在两种不同的状况下完成的。
2. Reason, on the other hand, is a mere principle or potential order, on which indeed we may come to reflect but which exists in us ideally only, without variation or stress of any kind.
[参考译文] 另一方面，理性学问一种原则或者是潜在的秩序，我们的确可以在此基础上存在于我们心中，没有种种变化，或任何压力。
3. We conform or do not conform to it; it does not urge or chide us, not call for any emotions on our part other than those naturally aroused by the various objects which it unfolds in their true nature and proportion.
[参考译文] 不论我们是否遵循理性，它不会极力或责怪我们，除了以事物的原来面目和比例揭示各种事物而自然而然的激起我们的感情，它并不需要我们付出任何感情。
4. Religion, in its intent, is a more conscious and direct pursuit of the Life of Reason than is society, science, or art, for these approach and fill out the ideal life tentatively and piecemeal, hardly regarding the foal or caring for the ultimate justification of the instinctive aims.
[参考译文] 宗教在其意义上，比社会，科学，艺术更自觉，更直接的追求“理性生活”，由于这些东西（社会，科学，艺术）临时而又零星的接近和填补抱负的生活，无视目的，也不管其本能的目标是否最终证明正确。
5. one and all 各个都，全部
6. Those within the pale of each religion may prevail upon themselves, to express satisfaction with its results, thanks to a fond partiality in reading the past and generous draughts of hope for the future; but any one regarding the various religions at once and comparing their achievements with what reason requires, must feel how terrible is the disappointment which they have one and all prepared for mankind.
[参考译文] 处于宗教领域范围之内的人民或许会说服自己对其结果表示满足，这要感谢他们在坚固过去和对将来期望宽宏要切上的一种偏爱。可是任何快速关注宗教的人，把其成就和理性所要求的一切做一比较，必定感到这种种宗教为全人类作好的无望是实在太可怕了。
7. To confuse intelligence and dislocate sentiment by gratuitous fictions is a short-sighted way of pursuing happiness.
[参考译文] 以无理的幻想混淆智力，弄乱正常的情感是一种短视的追求幸福的方法。
8. Thus religion too often debauches the morality it comes to sanction and impedes the science it ought to fulfill.
[参考译文] 因此，宗教经常会使它要支持的道德堕落沦丧，并阻碍它应当执行的科学任务。
9. The condition and the aims of life are both represented in religion poetically, but this poetry tends to arrogate to itself literal truth and moral authority, neither of which it possesses.
[参考译文] 生活的目标和条件在宗教中诗一般的呈现，但这种诗意往往把宗教所并不具有的朴实真理和道德威力没有来由的归于宗教。
写作方法与文章大意
这是一篇用对比手法写出宗教和理性之差异并着重描述宗教的文章。有各种中焦，理性只有一个，纵然两者在功能和目的上有不相同之处，但由于宗教以直觉，想象力，情感为主，无视目的，虽比科学，社会或艺术更自觉，更直接追求理性生活，结果却是失败和无望，而理性则相反。
答案祥解
1. C. 一种有目的而又不带偏见对最佳事物的探究。答案在最终一段，这种愚蠢的隐秘是什么？为什么宗教在目的上那么接近真理，在其结构和结果上，却没有理性的一切？答案很简洁：宗教是通过想象来追赶理性，当它解释大事或阐明缘由时，以虚构的想象来取代科学，当它训诫，示意抱负或者重塑抱负时，以想象代替才智——才智的意思是指有意识而又公正的追求一切好东西。
A. 通过想象力追求理性。 B. 不带感情的探询真理。 C. 追求幸福的短视的方法。
2. A. 宗教通过想象力寻求真理，而理性的探究却运用感情。见难句译注3，理性（智）是非感情的。
B. 在解决人类问题上的宗教是一种无效的工具。 C. 科学寻求逐步解决对人类的问题。 D. 哲学和理性的功能是一样的。
3. A. 宗教没有意识（不知道）其最终目的的。见难句译注4，说明宗教不管（几乎不关注）其目的，或不关怀其本能的目标最终真确与否。
B. 宗教没有想象力。 C. 其成果是精确 的，最终的。 D. 宗教很象科学和艺术。
4. D. 它激起人类情感。第一段中说“宗教的挣扎与不断变化的力气好像促使人追求某种永恒的东西，它好像追求灵魂的最终和谐以及灵魂与灵魂所依靠的一起事物之间的永恒的和谐。”
A. 宗教依靠于直觉而不是推理。第一段最终一句：宗教也有本能和盲目的一面，在各种各样的偶然实践和直觉中沸腾。可不久它又向事物内心摸索前进，然而不论从哪个方始终，都转想最终方向（最终多转想这个方向——直觉），文章的最终一句：宗教的目的和抱负的目的一样，而其实现目的方法是通过直觉和无限止的诗一般的幻想来进行的。 B. 它不关怀其本能的目标最终是否真确。 C. 它使人类很无望。
5. D. 无效。其次段开头就点出：我们得承认宗教追求理性生活始终是很失败（流产了）。
A. 有想象力的。 B. 为将来供应期望的。 C. 是一个高度的智力活动。
【2022高考英语安徽省六校联考】D
XI’AN – China has introduced various emergency responses and long-term measures against air pollution in the central and eastern regions.
The air quality index (AQI) for Xi’an reached 500 on Wednesday afternoon, at the top of the AQI scale, according to the national air quality monitoring website. Xi’an weather forecasters predict the smog (雾霾) will continue for the next week and air pollution may worsen.
“I have to keep buying masks for my family,” said Liu, buying masks at a pharmacy (药店) near her home in downtown Xi’an. “This is the only thing we can do to protect ourselves.”
On Wednesday, a city government emergency response plan was put into action, suspending all construction and taking at least 50 percent of government vehicles off the road. Power plants must limit their output and reduce emissions.
Nearly half the country, more than 100 cities in 20 provinces, has suffered from smog since last December. Many have taken action, including experimenting with artificial methods to reduce smog, limiting vehicle use and fining polluters.
Assessments based on GDP alone were abandoned last month and more emphasis has been put on
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