热电专业英语市公开课一等奖百校联赛特等奖课件.pptx

English for Energy and Power EngineeringDanmei XIE(Ph.D)第1页Part One Energy Introduction Part Two Thermal Power Part Three Hydropower Part Four Nuclear Power and Renewable EnergyPart Five Energy Saving and Environmental Control 0.1 Main Contents10/10/第2页1.1 Energy in China1.2 Electricity in China2.6 Introduction of Steam Turbine2.7 Steam Turbine Construction2.8 Steam Turbine Auxiliaries2.9 Governing and Protecting System of Steam Turbine2.10 Steam Turbine Operation4.1 Nuclear power0.1 Main Contents10/10/第3页0.2 References能源动力类专业英语能源动力类专业英语火电厂专业英语火电厂专业英语0.3 TestScore Attendance/汉译英词汇英译汉词汇段落翻译看图填词10/10/第4页10/10/第5页Unit One Energy in China一次能源一次能源二次能源标准煤原煤原油天然气液化天然气陈旧设备节能火力发电地热发电太阳能/生物质primary energysecondaryenergystandardcoalrawcoalcrudeoilnaturalgasLNG(liquefiednaturalgas)outdatedequipmentenergysaving/conservationthermalpowergeothermalpowersolarpower/bio-energy关闭小煤窑以大压小closingdownallsmallcoalminesreplacethesmallunitswithbiggerones10/10/6第6页New words and expressionsregister统计，登记，注册cubic meter立方米prosperity繁荣recoverable可开发reserve储量account for抵达incremental增加bbl/d(barrels per day)桶/天EIA（Energy Information Administration）能源信息管理局Oil&Gas Journal（OGJ）石油天然气杂志Bcf（billion cubic feet）十亿立方英尺Tcf（trillion cubic feet）万亿立方英尺outpace超出.速度,赶过10/10/7第7页anticipated预先，预期shortfall不足，不足量，implementation执行issuance发行，公布spread out分摊，展，铺展NDRC国家发展改革委员会National Development and Reform Commissionrestructure重组fragmentation分裂，破碎conglomerate聚结体，联合体state-owned国有10/10/第8页CNPC中石油China National Petroleum CorporationSinopec中石化strategic oil reserve战略油贮备nascent初生，开始stockpile积蓄，库存ultimately最终，终于，基本上，根本Herfindahl score赫芬德尔指数CO2carbon dioxideCOcarbon monoxideWHO世界卫生组织Sulfur dioxideSO2soot煤烟，烟灰，灰尘acid rain酸雨10/10/第9页mercury水银，汞raindrop降雨runoff排出物，流走之物deforestation砍伐森林algae藻类，海藻infestation群袭，出没，横行ratify同意，认可externality外形，外在性，考究外表levy on征收，征取abatement消除imposition强迫接收，强迫征收rationale基本原理preferential先取,优先,特惠10/10/第10页Unit 2 Electricity in ChinakW:kilowatt(103 watts)PW:petawatt(1015 watts)MW:megawatt(106 watts)EW:exawatt(1018 watts)GW:gigawatt(109 watts)ZW:zettawatt(1021 watts)TW:terawatt(1012 watts)YW:yottawatt(1024 watts)10/10/11第11页装机容量装机容量发电容量电站电网超高压直流输电线路投入运行煤耗率供电煤耗率第三产业民用电消耗发电效率超临界超超临界坑口电站installedcapacitygeneratingcapacitypowerstationpowergridultrahighvoltagedirectcurrenttransmissionlineputintooperationcoalconsumptionratenetcoalconsumptionratetertiaryindustryresidentialconsumptiongenerationefficiencysupercriticalultrasupercriticalpit-head10/10/第12页GDP（gross domestic product）国内生产总值spur刺激earmark拨出,圈存资金an assortment of各种各样ward off抵挡，防止HVDC(High Voltage Direct Current)高压直流tertiary industry第三产业backbone主干，中坚coal mine煤矿exploitation开发interconnecting networks联网deposit矿床，矿层New Words and Expressions10/10/13第13页PWR(Pressurized Water Reactor)压水堆wind power风力发电tidal power潮汐发电solar power太阳能发电geothermal power地热发电new energy新能源conventional energy传统能源10/10/第14页10/10/第15页In,thenationalnetcoalconsumptionrateofcoalfiredpowerplantswitnessedanewrecord349g/kWh,reducedby43g/kWh,ascomparedwith392g/kWhinThe national net coal consumption rate of Coal fired power plants/10/1016第16页Vigorouslydevelopingnewandrenewableenergyisakeystrategicmeasureforpromotingthediversifiedandcleanenergy development and for fostering new strategicindustriesActivelydevelophydropower,solarpowerandwindpowergenerationSeeksafeandefficientwayofdevelopingnuclearpower,as well as utilize biomass energy and other types ofrenewableenergy,accordingtothewhitepaper.Bytheendof,theinstalledcapacityofelectricpowerinChinareached1,144,910MW,ofwhichhydropowerconstituting21.7percent,or248,900MW(20,310MWfrompumpedstorage),thermalpower71.5percent,or819,170MW(758,110MWfromcoal-firedplants,38,270fromgas-firedplants),nuclearpowerat12,570MW,grid-connectedwindpower,60,830MW,andgrid-connectedsolarpower,3,280MW.Chinaswindpowercapacityhits62.7gigawattsChinahashighestwindpowercapacity:report-YoucanreadthissamearticleonChinadaily,buttheyleaveouttherealitythatmuchofChinascapacityisnotused.10/10/第17页Unit Six Introduction of Steam Turbine热值动能机械能 汽缸喷嘴动叶转子冲击力还击力焓降蒸汽初参数蒸汽终参数调整级heat contentkinetic energymechanical energycylindernozzleblade/moving bladerotorimpulsive force/turbinereactionary force/turbineenthalpy dropinitial condition of steamfinal condition of steamcontrol stage10/10/18第18页convertinto把转变成steam engine蒸汽机internal-combustion engine内燃机issue from从喷出，从流出heat loss热损discharge from从排出，从流出jet汽流，射流，喷气式发动机/飞机shrink收缩，减小，热套rim of disk/wheel轮缘converging nozzle渐缩喷嘴vane叶片，轮叶，刀片，节气阀foil叶型，翼，薄片nozzle box喷嘴室give up释放，放弃，中止symmetrical对称10/10/第19页single-stage单级multistage多级power capacity容量，功率axial-turbine轴流式透平，轴流式汽轮机radial-turbine辐流式透平，辐流式汽轮机parallel to平行于perpendicular to垂直于casing汽缸，气缸，机匣，机壳throttle governing节流调整nozzle governing喷嘴调整bypass governing旁路调整sliding pressure governing滑压调整intermediate stage中间级heat drop process热力过程10/10/第20页condensing turbine凝汽式汽轮机back pressure turbine背压式汽轮机steam extraction抽汽enumerate数，计点，枚举，计算railway locomotive火车机车reduction gearing减速齿轮VGB德国大电厂协会LHV（low heating value）低位发烧量ferritic铁素体austenitic奥氏体Hitachi Ltd日立企业Toshiba Ltd东芝企业Mitsubishi Ltd三菱企业10/10/21第21页10/10/第22页Figure 2.11 Steam flow in moving bladesFigure 2.10 working principles of turbine10/10/第23页Figure 2.12 Curves of the reactive forceand work with blade speed10/10/第24页Figure 2.13 Steam flow in an impulse stageFigure 2.14 Steam flow in a reaction stage10/10/第25页CourtesyofPowerMagazine10/10/第26页Unit Seven Constructionpressure vessel压力容器hoop stress环向应力transverse plane横截面stiff刚性，强直，稠clearance间隙，空隙，间距diaphragm隔板，膜片，孔板fixed blade静叶，喷嘴flange法兰gland housing汽封体exhaust乏汽，排汽governing valve调整阀10/10/27第27页annular chamber环形室insulated隔热，绝缘cast steel铸钢hydraulically液压shrink ring扣环，收缩环ventilation通风，流通空气shaft seal轴封，轴密封装置tap point抽汽口，抽汽点carrier ring持环，垫圈cap nut盖型螺母，盖螺母spacer ring隔离环，间距环，隔离垫圈carbon rod heater碳棒加热10/10/28第28页bearing pedestal轴承座paw猫爪concentricity同轴度，同心度bracket支架，托架transverse key横销sliding key滑销，滑键alignment对中taper逐步变细，逐步变小periphery周围solid drum rotor实心鼓形转子built-up rotor套装转子combined rotor组合转子welded disc rotor焊接盘式转子shaft forging轴锻件brittle fracture脆性断裂10/10/第29页flaw缺点，裂缝ultrasonic超声波mono block单块式inhomogeneity不均匀性，非均质性shrunk-on热（红）套式resilient bearing反弹轴承resonance共振critical speed临界转速emissivity发射率，放射率turning gear盘车asymmetrical coefficient不均匀系数ingot stage铸锭10/10/第30页converging-diverging nozzle超音速喷嘴，缩放喷嘴nozzle block喷嘴组reversing blade转向叶片、导向叶片velocity-compounded stage双列速度级，复速级blade tip叶顶shroud围带sealing strip汽封片windage loss鼓风损失warped弯曲，变形vortex flow涡流，旋流eddy逆流，漩涡twist扭曲，旋转10/10/31第31页centrifugal force离心力rhomboid偏菱形,长斜方形airfoil机翼;螺旋桨torsional stress扭转应力，扭曲应力，扭应力excitation frequency激励频率，激发频率forerunner先驱aerodynamic losses气动损失10/10/第32页Figure 2.15 Double shells and carrier rings10/10/33第33页10/10/第34页10/10/第35页Stg 10TG-X 12CrMoNiWVNbN 10 11St10TSX 10CrMoWVNbN 10 11St 461 TS 20 Cr Mo Ni V 47St 461 TS 20 Cr Mo Ni V 4710/10/第36页Figure 2.17 The blades of ALSTOM steam turbine10/10/第37页Figure 2.18 Vector diagram of moving blade10/10/第38页Figure 2.19 steam vortex flow through a stage10/10/第39页Unit Eight Auxiliary Equipmentdeaerating plant除氧装置non-condensable不能凝结condensate pump凝结水泵atmosphere diaphragm valve排大气薄膜阀hotwell热井extraction heater抽汽加热器boiler feed pump锅炉给水泵reuse重新使用transverse flow横向流parallel flow平行流counter flow逆流contra flow对流，逆流jet condenser喷水凝汽器10/10/第40页come into contact with与接触net positive suction head静压头multiple pressure多压migrate移动low pressure heater低压加热器high pressure heater高压加热器TTD(terminal temperature difference)端差thermodynamic system热力系统double flow双排汽demineralizing equipment除氧装置shaft sealing cooler轴封冷却器integral drain cooler内置式疏水冷却器steam bubble气泡vent排气口solubility溶解度hydrodynamics流体力学，水动力学10/10/第41页Figure schematic flow chart of thermodynamic systemFWP-feed water pump;DSH-desuperheater 10/10/第42页Figure 2.21 Dual pressure condenser1-LP cylinder;2-low back pressure condenser;3-circulating water inlet room;4-hot well;5-condensate pump;6-circulating water outlet room;7-high back pressure condenser43第43页Figure 2.22 Surface condenser第44页Figure 2.23 Sketch of spray-type deaerator10/10/第45页10/10/第46页10/10/第47页Unit Nine Governing and Protecting Systeminertia惯性electro-hydraulic controller system(EHCS)电液调整系统emergency trip system(ETS)危急跳闸/遮断系统Turbine supervisory instrumentation(TSI)汽轮机监测仪表filter过滤器，滤油器solenoid valves电磁阀servo valve伺服阀spool valve滑阀bias spring偏置弹簧malfunction发生故障10/10/第48页LVDT线性位移变送器transducer传感器pressure transmitter压力传感器plunger活塞dump valve卸载阀reheat stop valves(RSV)再热主汽阀diaphragm interface valve隔膜阀，隔离阀trigger触发器air-pilot valve空气先导阀check valve止回阀，逆止阀thrust bearing推力轴承10/10/第49页 Figure 2.24 Hydraulic portion of a typical EHCS10/10/第50页Unit Ten Operation of Steam Turbinelive steam新蒸汽intercept valve中压调整阀stop valve主汽阀Start-Up curve开启曲线intercept control valve中压控制阀synchronizing同时，并网auxiliary lube oil pump辅助润滑油泵jacking oil pumps顶轴油泵shut off valve闸阀evacuation排汽gland steam轴封蒸汽bypass旁路10/10/第51页chronological sequence按时间次序overhaul检修，检验statutory intervals of inspection要求停机检验continuous maximum rating(CMR)最大连续出力load rejection甩负荷life span寿命期限evaporation蒸发量outlet出口inlet入口10/10/第52页Figure 2.26 Start-Up curves of cold start10/10/第53页Figure 2.27 Start-up flow chart of a Turbineexisting flow chart;modifications suggested10/10/第54页T第55页