冶金工程专业英语市公开课一等奖百校联赛特等奖课件.pptx

冶金工程专业英语金 焱10/10/00:00:00第1页2范文讲解：pPart1FundamentalsofIronandSteelmakingpPart2IronmakingpPart3Steelmaking/22:00:32第2页3Part1FundamentalsofIronandSteelmakingpGlobalsteelindustryuNewdevelopmentinEuropepFundamentalofironmakinguReductionofironoxidespFundamentalofsteelmakinguFundamentalsofLadleMetallurgicalReactions/22:00:32第3页4Part2IronmakingpSinterplantuSinterqualitypBlastFurnaceuBlastfurnacegassystemandhotblaststovespPulverizedcoalinjectiontechnologyuBlastfurnaceInstrumentationandControlpCOREXplantuHIsmelt/22:00:33第4页5Part3SteelmakingpHotmetalDesulfurizationTechnologyuHotmetalpretreatmentprocesspBasicOxygenFurnaceuProcesscontrolstrategiesofBOFpElectricArcFurnaceuDirectCurrentElectricArcFurnacepLadleFurnace,TankDegasser,RH,andCAS-OBuContinuousCasting/22:00:33第5页Unit1Globalsteelindustry10/10/00:00:00第6页71.OverviewpTheglobalsteelindustryishighlycyclical,verycompetitiveandstillfragmentedintermsofmarketshare.Currentlytheindustryisattheheightofthebusinesscycleandisgoingthroughaconsolidationphase,whichmightresultinthesmallerplayersbeingacquiredbythelargerones.p1.cyclical:周期；轮转，循环。p2.fragment:(使)成碎片，(使)分裂。p3.marketshare:市场份额。p4.consolidation:合并。p5.acquire:取得，取得。/22:00:34第7页8pThetotaloutputfromtheindustryexceeds1.4billiontonsin,mostofitaugmentedbytheincreaseinoutputfromChina.Thisisexpectedtoincreasefurther,makingsteeloutputfromChinaamongthelargestintheworld.p6.output:产量；生产，出产，产品。p7.augment:(使)扩张，扩大；扩编；(使)增大，增加。/22:00:34第8页9pThesteelindustrydemonstratesahighdegreeofvariability,bothintermsofearningsandproduction.Thefactorsattributablefordrivingthisvariabilityareglobaleconomicconditionswithaparticularsensitivitytotheperformanceoftheautomotive,construction,capitalgoodsandotherindustrialproductsindustries.p8.variability:改变性；变异性。p9.earning:利润。p10.factor:要素，原因。p11.attributable:由引发。p12.sensitivity:敏感(性)。p13.capital:主要，资本。/22:00:34第9页10pThecommoditynatureofsteel,theproducersandconsumerslimitedcontrolonprice,andthedemandandsupplydisparityhavemadesteelpricesvolatile.Smodity:常pl.商品。p15.disparity:不一样，不等。p16.volatile:易变，重复无常。/22:00:35第10页112.Brief Company Overviewsp(1)Arcelor-Mittal:uThefive-monthlongduelbetweenNetherlands-basedMittalandLuxembourg-basedArcelorhasconcluded.Mittalsunprecedentedtakeovervictoryinthebattlefortheglobalsteelgianthasbroughtthefive-monthbattletoahalt,afterthefinalshareholderapproval.InthenewArcelor-MittalcombinetheMittalfamilycollectivelyholdsa43.5percentshare.p17.duel:竞争，斗争。p18.conclude:结束，终止。p19.unprecedented:没有前例。p20.takeover:接收。p21.giant:巨人；大汉。/22:00:35第11页12uThenewsteelcompanywillhaveabout334,000employeesworld-wide,andrevenuescloseto$70billion.Arceloriswell-positionedinWesternEuropeandcateringthehigh-gradeautoandconstructionindustry.p22.halt:暂停前进。p23.shareholder:股东。p24.approval:同意。bine:集团。p26.collective:集合。p27.revenue:(国家)岁入；pl.总收入。/22:00:35第12页13uMittalwithmillsspreadoutthroughthefourcontinentsinlow-costlocationssuchasCzechRepublic,Mexico,andKazakhstan,producingmostlybasicsteelproducts.StilltherearethingstobesettledbetweenArcelorandMittal.Forexample,thefateoftheCanadiansteelmakerDofascoacquiredinAprilbyArcelorisyettobedecided.p28.well-positioned:很好定位。p29.cater:为(宴会等)供给酒菜；供给；迎合，投合。p30.cost:费用；代价，价格；成本。p31.Kazakhstan:哈萨克斯坦亚洲国名。/22:00:36第13页14uMittalsaggressivebusinessmodelhashelpedthecompanycreateaprofitableenterpriseincountriesthatwerenotregardedasobviousinvestmenttargets(suchasUkraineandIndonesia).Ithastrackrecordofbuyingloss-making,bankruptorunder-producingsteelcompanies,andturningthemaroundbyrestructuring,costcuttingandlayoffs,therebycreatingleanerandmorecompetitiveoperations.p32.Ukraine:乌克兰。p33.Indonesia:印度尼西亚。p34.profitable:有利可图，。p35.trackrecord:成绩纪录。p36.under-producing:半停产。p37.layoffs:暂时辞退；停工；停顿活动。/22:00:36第14页15pThecompanyhasproductionunitsin17countries.Incontrast,Arcelorholdsfrontrunningpositionsinitsmainmarkets:automotive,construction,householdappliancesandpackagingaswellasgeneralindustry.ArceloristhenumberonesteelproducerinEuropeandLatinAmerica.Takingadvantageofitsnowdominantposition,Arcelor-Mittalhasambitionstofurtherexpandinternationallyinordertotakeadvantageofthegrowthpotentialofdevelopingeconomiesandoffertechnologicallyadvancedsteelsolutionstoitsglobalcustomers.p38.lean:精干。p39.householdappliance:家庭用具。p40.dominant:最有力，占优势。/22:00:36第15页16pArcelor-Mittalismorethanthreetimeslargerintermsofproductionofandrevenuefromsteel,thanitsnearestrivalNipponSteelCorp.ofJapan.Thecombinedcompanywillnowhaveasignificantadvantageinsettingpricesandnegotiatingthetermsofvariouscontractswithkeycustomers.Thenewsteelindustrytitanwillbebetterequippedtocombatthevolatilenatureofthesteelindustry.Thisisduetothefactthatitwillhavegloballydiversifiedoperationsandadiversifiedproductlinegivingitthepowertonegotiatewithlargecustomer.p41.rival:竞争者，对手。p42.titan:巨头。p43.diversified:多样化。/22:00:36第16页17p(2)NipponSteelCorporation:uNipponSteelCorporationisJapansNo.1steelmakerandtheworldsthirdlargest,intermsofcrudesteelproduction,withannualconsolidatedoutputofapproximately33milliontons.Itisbackedbyasolidbusinessfranchisesupportedbydiverseproductlineswithafocusonhighvalueaddedproducts,outstandingproductdevelopmentcapability,aswellasastrongcustomerbase.TheCompanyhasalsosecuredasolidpresenceoverseas,fueledbydistinctiveresearchanddevelopmentcapabilitiesandstrategicalliances.p44.consolidated:加固；整理过，统一。p45.franchise:某种特许权。p46.diverse:各种多样。p47.presence:存在。p48.fuel:(给)加供给燃料。p49.distinctive:独特。p50.strategic:战略(上)。p51.alliance:同盟。/22:00:37第17页18p(3)Posco:uThePohangIronandSteelCompanybasedinPohang,SouthKorea,itisoneofthetopsteelproducers.PoscooperatestwosteelcompaniesinSouthKorea,oneinPohangandtheotherinGwangyang.Inadditiontothis,PoscooperatesinajointventurewithUSSteelwithnameofUSSPosco,locatedinPittsburgh.p52.jointventure:合资(企业)。/22:00:37第18页19pInJune,PoscosignedamemorandumofunderstandingwiththeStateGovernmentofOrissa,Indiaandplanstoinvest$12billiontoconstructaplantwithfourblastfurnaces,anelectricityplant,housing,andanannualproductioncapacityof12milliontonsofsteelandisexpectedtostartproductionin.p53.memorandum:统计；备忘录；便笺函；通知书；寄售物品通知书。p54.blastfurnace:高炉，鼓风炉。p55.housing:房屋；住宅。/22:00:37第19页20p(4)Severstal:SeverstalisthelargestRussiansteelproducer,withannualsteelproductionof17.1milliontons.Inaddition,SeverstalownsSeverstalNorthAmerica,thefifthlargestintegratedsteelmakerintheU.S.withproductionof2.7milliontons,andLucchini,Italyssecondlargeststeelgroupwithproductionof3.5milliontons./22:00:38第20页21pSeverstalisoneoftheworldslowestcostandmostprofitablesteelproducers,withEBITDAofapproximately150eurosperton.Severstal-Resource,itsownsubsidiaryowns70yearsofironorereservesand84yearsofcoalreserves,revenueandEBITDAwereapproximatelyEUR1.12billionandEUR506million,respectively.Severstal-Resourceproducescokingcoal,thermalcoal,ironorepelletsandironoreconcentrate.p56.EBITDA:未计利息、税项、折旧及摊销前利润。p57.euro:欧元。p58.subsidiary:子企业。p59.reserve:贮备。p60.respectively:各自。p61.cokingcoal:炼焦煤。p62.thermalcoal:动力煤。p63.ironore:铁矿石。p64.pellet:球团矿。p65.ironoreconcentrate:铁精矿。/22:00:38第21页22p(5)Corus:uCorusisacustomerfocused,innovativesolutionsdrivencompany,whichmanufactures,processesanddistributesmetalproductsaswellasprovidingdesign,technologyandconsultancyservices.ThecompanysheadquartersareinLondon,withfourDivisionsandoperationsworldwide.p66.innovative:创新。p67.manufacture:(大量)制造，加工。p68.consultancy:咨询，顾问服务。p69.headquarters:总部。p70.division:政府或企业一个部分位。/22:00:38第22页23uCorusranksamongthe10largeststeelproducersintheworld,withabout18milliontonnesofcrudesteelproductionin.Activitiesincludecarbonsteelproductionwhichare90%ofsalesandaluminumsmelting,rolling,andextrusion10%ofsales.ThegroupsmainproductionbasesaretheU.K.,theNetherlands,Sweden,Germany,France,Belgium,andtheU.S.Itisoftenspokenaboutasapossibletakeovercandidate.p71.crudesteel:粗钢。p72.carbonsteel:碳素钢。p73.smelt:精炼。p74.roll:轧钢。p75.extrusion:挤压成型。p76.takeover:接收；接管。/22:00:39第23页243.Global Steel IndustrypThesteelindustryintheEuropeanUnionisstructureddifferentlythanthesteelindustryintheUnitedStates.Thekeydifferenceistheconsolidationoftheindustry.Arcelor-Mittal,ThyssenKrupp,andCorusenjoysubstantialmarketshareinalargelyconsolidatedmarketplace./22:00:39第24页25pThesteelindustryintheUnitedStatesiscompletelydifferentcomparedtootherindustriesglobally.UScorporatebondissuershaveahigherhistoricaldefaultratethananyothersteelproducerglobally.p77.bond:契约；联盟；证券，。p78.issuer:发行者。p79.default:不推行；违约；拖欠；不推行债务；缺席。/22:00:39第25页26pThisreflectshighlyleveragedcapitalstructuresoftheUSsteelproducerscomparedtotheEuropeancounterpartswhoholdhighercashbalancesplacingsignificantimportancetoacautiousapproachtoliquidity.ThehighdefaultrateintheUSsteelindustrycanbeattributedtoanelevatedlevelofshareholderpressureforhighshort-termreturns,whichthenforcesthemanagementtodeployhigher-riskstrategies.p80.leverage:为提供杠杆装置；以“杠杆收购法”投资于(某个基金)。p81.liquidity:流动性，流畅。/22:00:40第26页27pOversupplyinChina,particularlyincommoditybasedflatproductsandlongproducts,andtheinventorybuild-upinAsiancountriesarepressuringtheregionsprofitabilityandcashflowandthuscontributingtothevariabilityintheglobalsteelindustry.Anewrecordhighwassetforworldtradeinsteel,whichgrew8%intoabout1.3billiontons.p82.oversupply:过分供给。modity:商品。p84.flatproduct:扁平材产品。p85.longproduct:长材产品。p86.inventory:存货。p87.build-up:上升，升高。/22:00:40第27页28pThelargeststeelexportingcountriesinwereEU32.4milliontons,Japan32milliontons,Russia30.9milliontons,Ukraine27.3milliontonsand,enteringthetop5forthefirsttime,China27.4milliontonsupasolid37percent.ThelargestimportingcountrieswereChina27.5milliontons,theEU25.1milliontonsandJapan13.2milliontons.ThemajorexportersofironoreinwereAustralia239milliontonsandBrazil224milliontons.p88.break-up:明细表。/22:00:41第28页29pImportsintoChinaincreasedby32%in,comparedto,importsintotheEUandJapanactuallyfellby2%.ImportsintoChinafromAustraliainwere112milliontons,anincreaseof34milliontonson.ImportsfromIndia,at68.5milliontons,wereupby18milliontonsonwhichmeansthatimportsfromIndiahaveincreasedtenfoldsince1998.ImportsintoChinafromBrazilreached55milliontons,andincreaseof8milliontons.Thebreak-upofChineseimportsbycountryoforiginshowsthatAustraliasupplied41%,India25%andBrazil20%,othercountriessuchasSouthAfricacontributetotheremaining14%./22:00:41第29页30p(1)China:uInsteelproductioninChinawas349milliontonsup25%from.Incomparison,productioninwas280milliontons,was222milliontonsand182milliontons.Importsinfell18%to27.3milliontonsfrom33.2milliontonsin./22:00:41第30页31uImportshadpreviouslyrisensignificantlyintoreach43milliontons.Exportsgrew36%intoreach27milliontonscomparedwith20milliontonsinand8milliontonsin.SinceSeptemberexportshaveexceededimportstomakeChinaanetsteelexporteralthoughthiswasreversedfromJuly.However,inDecember,exportsagainexceededimports.RealGDPinChinaisexpectedtobearound10percentinandwillmostlikelyremainhighinintherun-uptotheBeijingOlympics,hencefeedingdemand./22:00:42第31页32pChina,whichisamajorproducerandconsumerglobally,isanetexporterofsteelanditsincreasedsupplyofproductsmightfinditswaytotheNorthAmericamarkets.ThesuddenincreaseinsteelimportsfromChinaisnotonlyfueledbytheBeijingOlympicsscheduledfor,butalsobecauseoftheincreaseindomesticdemandforinfrastructureignitedbytherapidindustrializationinChina.CurrentlytherearenumeroussmalllocalsteelcompaniesinChina,andingeneralviewtheChinesesteelindustryisripeforarapidconsolidationphase.AfterBeijingOlympicsin,thereareprospectsofaslowdownintheindustry.p89.infrastructure:基础设施。p90.ignite:点燃。p91.ripe:成熟。p92.beripefor:时机成熟。/22:00:42第32页33p(2)UnitedStates:uTheUS,whichistraditionallyasteelimporter,recordedimportsof30.2milliontonsinadropof8%on.Thekeyimportedproductsweresemis6.3milliontons,hotrolledcoil3.7milliontons,weldedtubes3.6milliontonsandwirerod2.8milliontons.KeysupplyingcountriesincludetheNAFTAmembersCanada5.6milliontonsandMexico3.8milliontonsfollowedbyBrazil2.4milliontonsandChina2.3milliontons.USsteelmillexportsinwere9.4milliontonscomparedwith7.8miliiontonsin.p93.appetite:胃口。p94.semis:半成品。p95.hotrolledcoil:热轧钢卷。p96.weldedtube:焊管。p97.wire:钢丝。p98.rod:线材。p99.NAFTA:NorthAmericanFreeTradeAgreement北美自由贸易协定。p100.steelmill:钢厂。/22:00:42第33页34p(3)EuropeanUnion:u EUimports,afterreachingtheirhighestleveleverinQ1at8.7milliontons,fellbacksharplyinthesecondquartertodownto7.7milliontonsandalsoinquarter3downto5.3milliontons.Henceinthefirst9monthsimports,at21.7milliontonswere11%downonthesameperiod./22:00:43第34页35uConsequently,overthefirst9monthstheEUhasresumeditspositionasanetsteelexporterwithasurplusof2milliontonsimports21.7milliontonsandexports23.7milliontons.KeyproductsimportedbytheEUincludesemis,hotrolledcoil,wirerod,galvanizedsheet,hotrolledplatesandcoldrolledsheet.KeyimportsourcesincludeRussia3.9milliontons,Turkey2.1milliontons,Ukraine2.2milliontons,China1.5milliontons,India0.9milliontonsandBrazil1.1milliontons.p101.resume:拿回。p102.surplus:盈余。p103.galvanizedsheet:镀锌薄板。p104.hotrolled:热轧。p105.plate:（中厚板）。p106.coldrolled:冷轧。p107.sheet:薄板。/22:00:43第35页Readingmaterial1:NewdevelopmentinEurope10/10/00:00:00第36页371.Steel production in EuropepSteelisaglobalproduct,andduetotherapidinformationtransferworldwidetherearenofundamentaldifferencesregardingtheproductionprocesses.Nevertheless,therearedistinctionsinthetechnologiesapplied,causedbytherawmaterialsandenergysituation,consumerorientation,andalsocausedbythespeedoftheintroductionofinnovationsandnewprocessdevelopmentsinoperationalapplication.p1.distinction:区分,分清。p2.orientation:定位熟悉。p3.innovation:革新,创新。/22:00:44第37页38pTheEuropeanUnion(EU)isoneofthemostimportanteconomicblocksintheworld.ThetreatyonthefoundationoftheEuropeanCoalandSteelCommunity(ECSC),establishedin1952,wasoneoftheoriginsoftheEuropeanUnionwhichtodaycomprises15memberstates.Thisregionhasabout376millioninhabitants;in1999theproductionofcrudesteelamountedto155milliont.p4.economicblock:经济板块。p5.theEuropeanCoalandSteelCommunity:欧洲煤钢联营体。/22:00:44第38页39pGeographically,EuropecontainsseveralothersteelproducingcountriesoutsidetheEU.WithoutconsideringtheshareoftheCISmemberstates,thereisanadditionalcrudesteelproductionofabout50milliont.AnoverviewofthesteelproductionlocationsinEuropehavingacapacityofmorethan4milliont/yearcrudesteelrevealsthatthecityofDuisburginGermanyistheareawiththehighestproductionlevel.p6.CIS:CommonwealthofIndependenceStates独联体。/22:00:44第39页40pTheshareofbasicoxygenfurnacesteelmakinginintegratedplantsisheadingtowards60%,andthatofscrapbasedelectricsteelmakingtowards40%.Today,andinthefuture,onlythoseproductionprocesseswhichachievehighproductivity,costefficiency,andalsoeasyandsufficientenvironmentalcontrolwillhaveachancetosurvive.Therefore,theBasicBessemerandOpen-Hearthprocesseshavebeenphasedout.p7.basicoxygenfurnace:碱性氧气转炉。p8.integratedplant:钢铁厂。p9.scrap:废钢。p10.electricsteelmaking:电炉炼钢。p11.BasicBessemer:碱性贝塞麦转炉炼钢法。p12.Open-Hearthprocess:平炉工艺。p13.phaseout:分阶段停顿使用。/22:00:45第40页41pSinteristhemainferrousburdencomponentfortheblastfurnacesintheEuropeanUnion.TheaverageburdencompositioninEUcountriesis62.4%sinter,26.1%pelletsand11.5%lumporesandothers.OnlySwedenhasshutdownallitssinterplants.p14.sinter:烧结物；烧结矿。p15.burden:含铁原料。p16.blastfurnace:高炉。p17.lumpore:块矿。2.Sinter plants/22:00:45第41页42pIntheothercountries,theshareofsinterrangesfroma