2022届高考英语北师大版一轮复习课时作业：语言朋友(11)-.docx

语言伴侣(11)阅读理解For years we have been dieting strictly after the yearend overeating, afraid that when summer comes, the bigger size we have accumulated will betray how we ate.Now scientists say, its a little bug that causes obesity(肥胖)As the holiday season with its abundant feasting arrives, millions of food lovers are keeping an eye on their figures.But scientists have found that weight gain is not about too much Christmas turkey or hot chocolates, but some bacteria in your guts(肠)Chinese scientists recently discovered a type of bacteria in guts that may be to blame for obesity.A research team led by Zhao Liping, a professor in Shanghai, has identified a precise link between a particular kind of bacteria and unusual weight gain.“The endotoxin(内毒素) released by the bacterium can activate(激活) a gene that helps produce fat.And it also deactivates a gene that consumes fat，” Zhao says.Scientists have long believed that microscopic organisms in the gut, microbiota, may play a very important role in weight gain, but they had never been able to prove it.In 2004, American microbiologist Jeffrey Gordon and his colleagues discovered a general link between obesity and gut microbiota in mice.While a link was believed to exist, proving it was another matter.“The list of diseases that they may play a role in is just growing and growing，” says Lita Proctor, director of the US National Institutes of Health.“But the problem is that were only able to look at associations and arent yet able to conduct causeandeffect studies.”In the clinical study, researchers found a growth of too much endotoxinproducing bacteria, leading to 35 percent of the gut bacteria, in an obese patient whose initial weight was 175 kg.Based on this information, researchers tried to cure the patient by feeding him a specialized nutritional liquid food to decrease the bacteria in his guts to ignorable amounts.After 23 weeks, the patient lost 51.4 kg, with his fatty liver disease having almost disappeared.解题导语：科学家们发觉肥胖与肠道里的一种细菌有关。1We diet strictly after the yearend overeating because_Awe wont betray ourselvesBwe eat too much turkeyCthere are bacteria in our gutsDwe dont want to look fat解析：细节理解题。依据第一段“afraid that when summer comes, the bigger size we have accumulated will betray how we ate”可知是不想让别人看出身体胖，故选D。答案：D2What can be learned from Zhaos research?AObesity is related to a kind of bacteria.BHealthy diet helps reduce your fat.CChocolate doesnt cause weight gain.DToo much food leads to overweight.解析：细节理解题。依据第四段“has identified a precise link between a particular kind of bacteria and unusual weight gain”可知肥胖与一种细菌有关，故选A。答案：A3Which of the following statements is TRUE?AScientists didnt try to find out the cause of overweight.BThere is a link between mices overweight and humans.CLita proved the link between bacteria and weight gain.DScientists found bacteria may be related to many diseases.解析：细节理解题。依据第九段“The list of diseases that they may play a role in is just growing and growing”可知科学家发觉细菌跟很多疾病有关系，故选D。答案：D4The patient finally lost 51.4 kg of his weight after _.A35 percent of his gut bacteria were killedBthe amount of gut bacteria was decreasedChe had a special kind of operationDhis fatty liver had disappeared解析：细节理解题。依据第十一段内容可知，争辩者让病人吃一种特殊的食物以削减肠道里的细菌，故选B。答案：B5What does the passage mainly talk about?APeoples eating habits.BHealthy lifestyles.CA medical discovery.DThe consequence of obesity.解析：主旨大意题。依据全文的内容来看，这是关于人们肥胖的一个新的发觉，故选C。答案：C语法填空A man bought a donkey at the market one day and took him home.The man had already owned several donkeys and he knew each ones character very well.One of the donkeys was very strong and brave.6._ was eager to please but quickly exhausted.One donkey was very lazy.He hated going to work in the morning and he did as little as he 7._(possible) could all day long.When 8._ other animals were being loaded up (装载货物), he always tried to be the last so that he would get the 9._ (light) load.The man took the new donkey into the yard.For a moment, he stood, 10._ (sniff) at his new companions.Then, without hesitation (毫不迟疑地), he walked up to the lazy donkey and began having food comfortably 11._ his side.Though it was late in the day, the man immediately 12._ (lead) the new donkey out of the yard, straight back to the market.“It cannot be a fair trial，” said the merchant.“It has been only ten minutes 13._ you bought him.”“I dont need to try him any more，” replied the man.“I know just 14._ he is like from the friend he chose for himself.Take him away and give me my money back.I can do without donkeys 15._ him.”解题导语：本文告知我们一个道理：观友知人。6解析：依据上文的“several donkeys”可知，此处填不定代词another，表示“(三者或三者以上中的)另一个”。答案：Another7解析：此处填副词，在句中作状语。答案：possibly8解析：依据语境可知，此处填定冠词the。答案：the9解析：依据语境可知，此处填形容词的最高级形式。答案：lightest10解析：分析句子结构可知，此处应填现在分词形式作伴随状语。答案：sniffing11解析：at ones side为固定短语，意为“在某人身侧”。答案：at12解析：分析句子结构可知，此处需填谓语动词，由于是在记叙过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。答案：led13解析：依据现在完成时可知，此处应填连词since引导时间状语从句，表示“自从时起”。答案：since14解析：此处填what，引导宾语从句，在从句中作介词like的宾语。答案：what15解析：依据语境可知，此处填介词like，表示“像”。答案：like