大学英语四级阅读专项训练老师版.doc

阅读专项训练1Until the 1980s, the American homeless population comprised mainly older males. Today, homelessness strikes much younger part of society. In fact, a 25-city survey by the U. S. Conference of Mayors in 1987 found that families with children make up the fastest growing part of the homeless population. Many homeless children gather in inner cities; this transient and frequently frightened student population creates additional problems both legal and educational for already overburdened urban school administrators and teachers.考试大论坛Estimates of the number of homeless Americans range from 350,000 to three million. Likewise, estimates of the number of homeless school children vary radically. A U.S. Department of Education report, based on state estimates, states that there are 220,000 homeless school-age children, about a third of whom do not attend school on a regular basis, But the National Coalition for the Homeless estimates that there are at least two times as many homeless children, and that less than half of them attend school regularly. One part of the homeless population that is particularly difficult to count consists of the “throwaway” youths who have been cast of their homes. The Elementary School Center in New York City estimates that there are 1.5 million of them, many of whom are not counted as children because they do not stay in family shelters and tend to live by themselves on the streets. Federal law, the Stewart B. McKinney Homeless Assistance Act of 1987, includes a section that addresses the educational needs of homeless children. The educational provisions of the McKinney Act are based on the belief that all homeless children have the right to a free, appropriate education.1. It is implied in the first paragraph that _.A) the writer himself is homeless, even in his eightiesB) many older homeless residents are going on strike in 25 citiesC) there is a serious shortage of academic facilitiesD) homeless children are denied the opportunity of receiving free education2. The National Coalition for the homeless believes that the number of homeless children is _.A) 350,000B) 1,500,000C) 440,000D) 110,0003. One part of the homeless population is difficult to estimate. The reason might well be _.A) the homeless children are too young to be counted as childrenB) the homeless population is growing rapidlyC) the homeless children usually stay outside schoolD) some homeless children are deserted by their families4. The McKinney Act is mentioned in this passage in order to show that _.A) the educational problems of homeless children are being recognizedB) the estimates on homeless children are hard to determineC) the address of grade-school children should be locatedD) all homeless people are entitled to free education5. The passage mainly deals with _.A) the legal problems of the homeless childrenB) the educational problems of homeless childrenC) the social status of older malesD) estimates on the homeless population【答案及详解】答案：C C D A B直到20世纪80年代，美国无家可归的人口主要包括的还是年龄较大的男性。现在，社会上年龄较小的一些人也面临无家可归的威胁。的确，美国市长会议在1987年对25个城市进行了一项调查，结果表明，在无家可归的人口中，儿童的增长比例是最快的。许多无家可归的儿童都聚集在城市的中心地带。其中学龄儿童四处流浪，饱受惊吓。这给已经负担考试大过重的城市教学和教学管理带来了许多额的外的麻烦，其中既涉及法律问题又涉及教育问题。美国无家可归的人口数量估计在35万到300万人之间。同样，无家可归的学龄儿童人数也无法做出准确的估计。一份根据各州估计数字而得出的美国教法的育部的报告指出，有22万无家可归的学龄儿童，其中约有三分之一没有按规定上学。然而国家关于无家可归人员的联盟会却估计，这样的儿童人数至少还应该多一倍，其中半数以上没有正常入学。有一部分无家可归的人口尤其难以统计，就是那些遭家庭遗弃的“浪荡”少年。据纽约小学中心估计，这样的人口有150万左右。其中还有许多小孩没有估计进去，因为这些小孩不呆在安全的家中，却往往独自在街头流浪。联邦法律(1987年斯图尔德B麦肯尼无家可归人员救助法案)有一部分专门指出了无家可归儿童的教育需要。法案中有关于教育的条款所依据的观点是所有无家可归的儿童都有权接受正规的义务教育2For any given task in Britain there are more men than are needed. Strong unions keep them there in Fleet Street, home of some Londons biggest dailies, it is understood that when two unions quarrel over three jobs, the argument is settled by giving each union two. This means 33 percent over manning, 33 percent less productivity than could be obtained. A reporter who has visited plants throughout Europe has an impression that the pace of work is much slower here. Nobody tries to hard. Tea breaks do matter and are frequent. It is hard to measure intensity of work, but Britons give a distinct impression of going at their tasks in a more leisurely way. But is all this so terrible? It certainly does not improve the gross national product or output per worker. Those observant visitors, however, have noticed something else about Britain. It is a pleasant place. Street crowds in Stockholm. Paris and New York move quickly and silently heads down, all in a hurry. London crowds tend to walk at an easy pace (except in the profitable, efficient City, the financial district). Every stranger is struck by the patient and orderly way in which Britons queue for a bus; if the saleswoman is slow and out of stock she will likely say, oh dear, what a pity; the rubbish collectors stop to chat and call the housewives “Luv”. Crime rises here as in every city but there still remains a gentle tone and temper that is unmatched in Berlin, Milan or Detroit. It short, what is wrong with Britain may also be what is right. Having reached a tolerable standard, Britons appear to be choosing leisure over goods. 56. What happens when disputes over job opportunities arise among British unions? A) Thirty-three per cent of the workers will be out of work B) More people will be employed than necessary C) More jobs will be created by the government D) The unions will try to increase productivity. 57. What does the reporter who has visited plants throughout Europe think about Britain? A) Tea breaks do not affect the intensity of work in Britain B) Britons do their work in an unhurried sort of way C) The pace of work in Continental Europe is much slower than in Britain D) Britons give the impression of working intensively 58. “The breaks do matter” ( Para.2 Line 2) indicates that_ A) they are an important aspect of the British way of life B) they are greatly enjoyed by British workers C) they can be used by the workers as excuse to take time off from work D) they help the workers to be on good terms with each other 59. The word “this” (Para.3 Line.1) refers to the fact that_ A) there are more men on any given job than are needed B) 33 per cent over manning leads to 33 per cent less productivity C) it is difficult to measure the intensity of work D) Britons generally do not want to work too hard 60. By “what is wrong with Britain may also be what is right” (Para.6, Line.1) the author means to say that_ A) quarrels between unions will help create jobs B) a leisurely way of life helps Britons increase productivity C) the gentle tone and temper of the people in Britain makes it a pleasant place D) Britons will not sacrifice their leisure to further in crease productivity1在英国做任何一项工作所用的人都比需要的多。强大的工会组织让他们待在旗舰街，伦敦一些最大的报纸所在地。人们认为，（）当两个工会为了三个就业机会而争执不休时，解决方法就是分给每个工会各两个。这就意味着多用了的人，比本应达到的生产力水平降低了 （）一位参观过全欧洲各地工厂的记者有这样一种印象，就是这里的工作节奏要慢得多。没有人会工作得过分卖力。茶点休息很是郑重其事，而且是经常性的。很难判断工作的强度，但英国人令人明显地感觉到他们的工作更加轻闲。 所有这些岂不是糟糕透顶吗？（）这当然不会提高国民生产总值或是每个工人的产出量。然而，那些参观者也注意到了英国的另一面。这是一个令人愉快的地方。 在斯德哥尔摩，街道十分拥挤。巴黎和纽约的人们在一片匆忙中默默向前奔走着。伦敦的人群则倾向于以一种自在的步伐行走（除了在有利润可赚的高效城金融区中）。 所有的外国人都会为英国人在排队等车时那种耐心而有序的方式而震惊；如果女售货员动作不快而东西又卖完了，她很可能会说，“噢天哪，真遗憾”。收破烂的人会停下来相互闲聊，并且和家庭妇女叫“亲爱的”。这儿也有犯罪事件发生，像在所有的城市一样，但在这儿却有一种与柏林、米兰或是底特律不同的温和的氛围 简言之，英国不好的地方也许就正是它的好处所在。在可以忍受的标准下，（）英国人看来对休闲比对货物更感兴趣。 、在英国的工会之前发生了对就业机会的争执时，结果会怎样？ ）的工人会失业 ）会雇用比所需要的更多的人 ）政府会创造更多的就业机会）工会将努力提高生产力 、那位曾参观过全欧洲各地工厂的记者怎样看待英国？ ）茶点休息并不影响英国的工作强度 ）英国人以一种不慌不忙的方式工作 ）在欧洲大陆工作节奏比英国慢得多）英国人给人工作强度大的感觉 、“茶点休息很是郑重其事”表示_ ）茶点休息是英国式生活的重要方面 ）英国工人非常喜欢茶点休息 ）工人们可以以茶点休息为借口少工作一会 ）茶点休息有助于工人这间保持良好关系 、“this”这个词（第三段第行）指这样一种事实，即_ ）在所有给定的工作中所用的人都比实际需要的要多 ）多用的人导致生产力水平降低了 ）很难判断工作强度 ）英国人通常不愿工作过分卖力 、作者使用“英国不好的地方也许就正是它的好处所在”这句话（第六段第行）是为了说明_ ）工会之间的争执有助创造就业机会 ）轻闲的生活方式有助于英国人提高生产力 ）英国人民温和的态度和脾气使英国成为一个令人愉快的地方 ）英国人不会牺牲他们的休闲来进一步提高生产力 3Baekeland and Hartmann report that the “short sleepers” had been more or less average in their sleep needs until the men were in their teens. But at about age 15 or so, the men voluntarily began cutting down their nightly sleep time because of pressures from school, work, and other activities. These men tended to view their nightly periods of unconsciousness as bothersome interruptions in their daily routines.In general, these “short sleeps” appeared ambitious, active, energetic, cheerful, conformist(不动摇) in their opinions, and very sure about their career choices. They often held several jobs at once, or workers full-or part-time while going to school. And many of them had a strong urge to appear “normal” or “acceptable” to their friends and associates.试就到考试大When asked to recall their dreams, the “short sleepers” did poorly. More than this, they seemed to prefer not remembering. In similar fashion, their usual way of dealing with psychological problems was to deny that the problem existed, and then to keep busy in the hope that the trouble would go away.The sleep patterns of the “short sleepers” were similar to, but less extreme than, sleep patterns shown by many mental patients categorized as manic(疯人).The “long sleepers” were quite different indeed. Baekeland and Hartmann report that these young men had been lengthy sleeps since childhood. They seemed to enjoy their sleep, protected it, and were quite concerned when they were occasionally deprived of their desired 9 hours of nightly bed rest. They tended to recall their dreams much better than did the “short sleepers.”Many of the “long sleepers” were shy, anxious, introverted (内向), inhibited (压抑), passive, mildly depressed, and unsure of themselves (particularly in social situations). Several openly states that sleep was an escape from their daily problems.1. According to the report,_. A) many short sleepers need less sleep by natureB) many short sleepers are obliged to reduce their nightly sleep time because they are busy with their workC) long sleepers sleep a longer period of time during the dayD) many long sleepers preserve their sleeping habit formed during their childhood2. Many “short sleepers” are likely to hold the view that _.A) sleep is a withdrawal from the reality B) sleep interferes with their sound judgementC) sleep is the least expensive item on their routine programD) sleep is the best way to deal with psychological troubles3. It is stated in the third paragraph that short sleepers _.A) are ideally vigorous even under the pressures of lifeB) often neglect the consequences of inadequate sleep C) do not know how to relax properlyD) are more unlikely to run into mental problems4. When sometimes they cannot enjoy adequate sleep, the long sleepers might _.A) appear disturbed B) become energetic C) feel dissatisfied D) be extremely depressed5. Which of the following is Not included in the passage?A) If one sleeps inadequately, his performance suffers and his memory is weakenedB) The sleep patterns of short sleepers are exactly the sane as those shown by many mental patientsC) Long and short sleepers differ in their attitudes towards sleepD) Short sleepers would be better off with more rest 答案：DCBAB 贝克尔和哈特曼报道说，“睡眠少的人”在未进入少年期之前，其正常睡眠时间大致与所需要的时间差不多。但到了15岁左右，由于学校、工作或其它活动的地压力，他们就故意地减少了夜间睡眠的时间。这些人持有这样的观点：夜间睡眠是一件令人讨厌的事情，打断了日常事务。总的说来，这些“睡眠少的人”表现得雄心勃勃、积极活跃、精力充沛、无意识乐观豁达、立场坚定，对自己职业的选择胸有成竹。他们往往同时从事几项工作，或者一边上学读书，一边从事专职或兼职工作。其中许多人有强烈愿望，想在朋友和熟人面前表现得“正常”或“合群”。当让他们回忆梦境时，“睡眠少的人”回忆不起什么来。更有甚者，他们似乎情愿什么都记不住。类似的情况是他们通常处理心理问题的方式：不承认问题的存在，希望只要忙忙碌碌，麻烦总会过去的。“睡眠少的人”的睡眠模式与被划入疯子之类精神病患者的睡眠模式十分相似，只不过没有那么严重而已。“睡眠多的人”情形则大不相同。贝克尔和哈特曼报道说，这些年轻人从小的，有抱负的睡眠就一直很长。他们好像注重睡眠，不让睡眠受打搅。偶尔没有所需的9个小时夜间卧床休息，他们便会十分不安。他们比“睡眠少的人”要更能回忆得起梦的内容。许多“睡眠多的人”腼腆、焦躁、内向、压抑、消极和稍微有点儿沮丧，尤其在社交场合缺乏自信。好几个人坦言，睡眠是摆脱每天烦恼的一种方式。4The other day I heard a few local musicians talking: “I hate all the terrible pianos in this town. I hate that rubbish they play on the radio. They cant even understand a bit of music.” “Im never playing in that club again. Too many drunks and nobody listens to us.” But, one younger musician said, “There are a few clubs that book my band a few nights a month, and Im trying to find other places to play. Im also looking to book a few summer festivals this year.” Ive heard that you are the average of the five people whom you spend the most time with, or to put it another way, you are who your friends are. Attitudes are important. Whether theyre positive or negative, theyre rubbing off on you. If youre around people who complain about lack of work and about other musicians, or blame (责怪) others, and you play the role of victim (受害者), chances are you will start to as well. So its time to take a look at the people you call “friends”. This is an easy exercise: Make a list of the people who you hang out with, and simply stop spending time with the negative people on your list. Set a new standard (标准) for yourself and dont become friends with people who fall below that standard. Keep successful people around you and your own chances for success will be much better. Ask them how they do it. Ask if they will help you get the work youre looking for, or maybe give you some advice to help you on your career path. CBCBD1. Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?A. A friend in need is a friend indeedB. How to make friendship last for everC. You are who your friends areD. Friends are the most important in ones success2. The underlined sentence “theyre rubbing off on you” in Paragraph 6 means _.A. theyll push you aheadB. theyll influence you C. theyll cover your shortcomingsD. theyll help you achieve your goal3. The musicians words at the beginning are written mainly to show _.A. the musicians living conditions are quite poorB. people have poor taste in musicC. people have different attitudes towards the same thingD. young people have greater chances of succeeding4. By taking the exercise mentioned in Paragraph 7, you can _.A. improve a lot in making more friendsB. come to the right way of making friends C. develop a better relationship with your friendsD. arrange the time with your friends properly5. The passage is mainly written for _.A. musicians B. managers C. negative people D. people wanting to succeed5The Program-Federal Government Helps Minority BusinessFederal efforts to aid minority businesses began in the 1960s when the Small Business Administration (SBA) began making federally guaranteed loans and government-sponsored management and technical assistance available to minority business