A0227_A0227M-06机械弹簧用冷拉钢丝.pdf

Designation:A 227/A 227M 06Standard Specification forSteel Wire,Cold-Drawn for Mechanical Springs1This standard is issued under the fixed designationA 227/A 227M;the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1.Scope*1.1 This specification covers two classes of round cold-drawn steel spring wire having properties and quality for themanufacture of mechanical springs that are not subject to highstress or requiring high fatigue properties and wire forms.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard.The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents;therefore,eachsystem shall be used independently of the other.Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA 510 Specification for General Requirements for WireRods and Coarse Round Wire,Carbon SteelA 510M Specification for General Requirements for WireRods and Coarse Round Wire,Carbon Steel MetricA 700 Practices for Packaging,Marking,and LoadingMethods for Steel Products for ShipmentA 751 Test Methods,Practices,and Terminology forChemical Analysis of Steel ProductsA 941 Terminology Relating to Steel,Stainless Steel,Re-lated Alloys,and FerroalloysE 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with Specifications2.2American National Standard:B 32.4M Preferred Metric Sizes for Round,Square,Rect-angle,and Hexagon Metal Products32.3Federal Standard:Fed.Std.No.123 Marking for Shipment(Civil Agencies)42.4AIAG Standard:AIAG B-5 02.00 Primary Metals Identification Tag Appli-cation Standard53.Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 For definition of terms used in this specification,referto Terminology A 941.4.Ordering Information4.1 It shall be the responsibility of the purchaser to specifyall requirements that are necessary for material under thisspecification.Such requirement may include,but are notlimited to,the following:4.1.1 Quantity(mass),4.1.2 Name of material(cold-drawn steel mechanical springwire)and class(Table 1 or Table 2),4.1.3 Wire diameter(Table 1 or Table 2),4.1.4 Packaging(Section 15),4.1.5 Cast or heat analysis report,if requested(Section 6),4.1.6 Certification or test report,or both,if specified(Sec-tion 14),and4.1.7 ASTM designation and date of issue.NOTE1A typical ordering description is as follows:15 000 kgCold-Drawn Mechanical Spring Wire,Class I,Size 5.00 mm in 700-kgcoils to ASTM A 227M dated_,or for non-SI units,30 000 lbCold-Drawn Mechanical Spring Wire,Class I,Size 0.207 in.diameter in500-lb coils to ASTM A 227 dated_.5.Manufacture5.1 The steel may be made by any commercially acceptedsteel-making process.The steel may be either ingot cast orstrand cast.5.2 The finished wire shall be free of detrimental pipe andundue segregation.5.3 The wire shall be cold drawn to produce the desiredmechanical properties.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel,and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.03 on Steel Rod and Wire.Current edition approved March 1,2006.Published March 2006.Originallyapproved in 1939.Last previous edition approved in 2005 as A 227/A 227M 99(2005).2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute(ANSI),25 W.43rd St.,4th Floor,New York,NY 10036.4Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk,Bldg.4 Section D,700Robbins Ave.,Philadelphia,PA 19111-5094,Attn:NPODS.5Available from Automotive Industry Action Group(AIAG),26200 Lahser Rd.,Suite 200,Southfield,MI 48034.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.6.Chemical Composition6.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements for chemicalcomposition prescribed in Table 3.6.2 Cast or Heat AnalysisEach cast or heat of steel shallbe analyzed by the manufacturer to determine the percentage ofelements prescribed in Table 3.This analysis shall be madefrom a test specimen preferably taken during the pouring of thecast or heat.When requested,this shall be reported to thepurchaser and shall conform to the requirements of Table 3.6.3 Product AnalysisAn analysis may be made by thepurchaser from finished wire representing each cast or heat ofsteel.The chemical composition thus determined,as to ele-ments required or restricted,shall conform to the productanalysis requirements specified in Table 10 of SpecificationA 510 or A 510M.6.4 For referee purposes,Test Methods,Practices,andTerminology A 751 shall be used.7.Mechanical Properties7.1 Tension Test:7.1.1 RequirementsThe material as represented by tensiontest specimens shall conform to the requirements prescribed inTable 1 or Table 2.7.1.2 Number of TestsOne test specimen shall be taken foreach ten coils,or fraction thereof,in a lot.Each cast or heat ina given lot shall be tested.7.1.3 Location of TestsTest specimens shall be taken fromeither end of the coil.7.1.4 Test MethodThe tension test shall be made inaccordance with Test Methods and Definitions A 370.7.2 Wrap Test:7.2.1 RequirementsThe material as represented by thewrap test specimens shall conform to the requirements speci-fied in Table 4 or Table 5.Wrap test on wires over 8.5 mm or0.312 in.in diameter is not applicable.Since the conventionalmethods will not accommodate over 8.5 mm or 0.312 in.,analternative test procedure shall be agreed upon between pur-chaser and producer.TABLE 1Tensile Requirements,SI UnitsADiameter,BmmClass IClass IITensile Strength,MPaTensile Strength MPaminmaxminmax0.5019602240224025200.5519402220222025000.6019202200220024800.6519002180218024600.7018702140214024100.8018302100210023700.9018002070207023401.0017702040204023101.1017402000200022601.2017201980198022401.4016701930193021801.6016401880188021201.8016001840184020802.0015801810181020402.2015501780178020102.5015101730173019602.8014801700170019203.0014601680168019003.5014201630163018404.0013801590159018004.5013501550155017505.0013201510151017005.5013001490149016706.0012801470147016506.5012501440144016307.0012201410141016007.5012001390139015808.0011901370137015509.0011601340.10.0011301310.11.0011101280.12.0010901260.14.0010501210.16.0010101170.ATensile strength values for intermediate diameters may be interpolated.BPreferred sizes.For a complete list,refer to ANSI B 32.4M,Preferred MetricSizes for Round,Square,Rectangle,and Hexagon Metal Products.TABLE 2Tensile Requirements,Inch-Pound UnitsADiameter,in.Class IClass IITensile Strength,ksiTensile Strength,ksiminmaxminmax0.0202833233243640.0232793193203600.0262753153163560.0292713113123520.0322663063073470.0352613013023420.0412552932943320.0482482862873250.0542432792803160.0622372722733080.0722322662673010.0802272612622960.0922202532542870.1062162482492810.1202102412422730.1352062372382690.1482032342352660.1622002302312610.1771952252262560.1921922212222510.2071902182192470.2251862142152430.2501822102112390.3121742002012270.3751671931942200.4381651901912160.5001561801812050.5621521761772010.625147170171294ATensile strength values for intermediate diameters shall be interpolated.TABLE 3Chemical RequirementsElementComposition,%Carbon0.450.85AManganese0.301.30BPhosphorus,max0.040Sulfur,max0.050Silicon0.150.35ACarbon in any one lot shall not vary more than 0.13%.BManganese in any one lot shall not vary more than 0.30%.TABLE 4Wrap Test Requirements,SI UnitsDiameter,mmMandrel SizeClass IClass II0.50 to 4.0,inclOver 4.0 to 8.0,incl1XA2X2X4XAFor 1X mandrel,wire shall be wrapped on itself.A 227/A 227M 0627.2.2 Number of TestsOne test specimen shall be taken foreach ten coils,or fraction thereof,in a lot.Each cast or heat ina given lot shall be tested.7.2.3 Location of TestTest specimens shall be taken fromeither end of the coil.7.2.4 Test MethodThe wrap test shall be made in accor-dance with Test Methods and Definitions A 370,SupplementIV.8.Metallurgical Requirements8.1 Surface Condition:8.1.1 The surface of the wire as-received shall be free ofrust,excessive scale,die marks,pits and scratches detrimentalto the end application.Seams shall not exceed 3.5%of thewire diameter or 0.25 mm 0.010 in.,whichever is less.8.1.2 Location of TestTest specimens shall be taken fromeither or both ends of the coil.9.Dimensions and Permissible Variations9.1 The permissible variations in the diameter of the wireshall be as specified in Table 6 or Table 7.10.Workmanship and Appearance10.1 WorkmanshipThe wire shall not be kinked or im-properly cast.To test for cast,a few convolutions of wire shallbe cut from the coil and placed on a flat surface.The wire shalllie flat on itself and not spring up excessively nor show a wavycondition.10.1.1 Each coil shall be one continuous length of wire,properly coiled and firmly tied.Welds made prior to colddrawing are permitted.11.Retests11.1 If any test specimen exhibits obvious defects or showsthe presence of a weld,it shall be discarded and anotherspecimen substituted.12.Inspection12.1 Unless otherwise specified in the contract or purchaseorder,the manufacturer is responsible for the performance ofall inspection and test requirements specified in this specifica-tion.Except as otherwise specified in the contract or purchaseorder,the manufacturer may use his own or any other suitablefacilities for the performance of the inspection and testrequirements unless disapproved by the purchaser at the timethe order is placed.The purchaser shall have the right toperform any of the inspections and tests set forth in thisspecification when such inspections and tests are deemednecessary to assure that the material conforms to prescribedrequirements.13.Rejection and Rehearing13.1 Unless otherwise specified,any rejection based on testsmade in accordance with this specification shall be reported tothe manufacturer as soon as possible so that an investigationmay be initiated.13.2 The material shall be adequately protected and cor-rectly identified in order that the manufacturer may make aproper investigation.14.Certification14.1 When specified in the purchase order or contract,amanufacturers or suppliers certification shall be furnished tothe purchaser that the material was manufactured,sampled,tested,and inspected in accordance with this specification andhas been found to meet the requirements.When specified in thepurchase order or contract,a report of the test results shall befurnished.14.2 The certification shall include the specification num-ber,year date of issue,and revision letter,if any.15.Packaging,Marking,and Loading for Shipment15.1 The coil mass,dimensions,and the method of packag-ing shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer andpurchaser.15.2 A tag shall be securely attached to each coil of wirewith identifying information as agreed upon by the purchaserand manufacturer.15.3 Unless otherwise specified in the purchasers order,packaging,marking,and loading for shipments shall be inaccordance with those procedures recommended by PracticesA 700.15.4 For Government ProcurementMarking for shipmentof material for civil agencies shall be in accordance with Fed.Std.No.123.15.5 Bar CodingIn addition to the previously statedidentification requirements,bar coding is acceptable as asupplementary identification method.Bar coding should beTABLE 5Wrap Test Requirements,Inch-Pound UnitsDiameter,in.Mandrel SizeClass IClass II0.020 to 0.162,incl1XA2XOver 0.162 to 0.312,incl2X4XAFor 1X mandrel,wire shall be wound on itself.TABLE 6Permissible Variations in Wire Diameter,SI UnitsADiameter,mmPermissibleVariations,plus and minus,mmPermissible Out-ofRound,mmTo 0.70,incl0.020.02Over 0.70 to 2.00,incl0.030.03Over 2.00 to 9.00,incl0.050.05Over 9.000.080.08AFor purposes of determining conformance with this specification,all specifiedlimits are absolute as defined in Practice E 29.TABLE 7Permissible Variations in Wire Diameter,Inch-PoundUnitsADiameter,in.PermissibleVariations,plus andminus,in.PermissibleOut-of-Round,in.0.020 to 0.028,incl0.00080.0008Over 0.028 to 0.075,incl0.0010.001Over 0.075 to 0.375,incl0.0020.002Over 0.375 to 0.625,incl0.0030.003AFor purposes of determining conformance with this specification,all specifiedlimits are absolute as defined in Practice E 29.A 227/A 227M 063consistent with AIAG Standard 02.00,Primary Metals Identi-fication Tag Application.The bar code may be applied to asubstantially affixed tag.16.Keywords16.1 cold-drawn;springs;wireSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue,A 227/A 227M99(2005),that may impact the use of this standard.(Approved March 1,2006.)(1)Removed referenced document MIL-STD-163.This stan-dard is obsolete and all references were removed.(2)In 15.4,deleted the first sentence pertaining to MIL-STD-163 as that standard is obsolete.(3)In Table 1,there was a mistake on the 4.00 mm wire sizefor Class 2.The correct numbers have been added.(4)Added Summary of Changes.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard.Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights,and the riskof infringement of such rights,are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised,either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters.Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee,which you may attend.If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards,at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.Individual reprints(single or multiple copies)of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585(phone),610-832-9555(fax),or serviceastm.org(e-mail);or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).A 227/A 227M 064