考点定语从句市公开课一等奖百校联赛获奖课件.pptx

GrammarTheAttributiveClause第1页Key words:定语从句：定语从句：修饰名词和代词从句修饰名词和代词从句This is the best film that I have seen.定语从句the best film 先行词that关系词第2页This is the best film that I have seen.关系词引导定语从句代替先行词在从句中担当一个成份，作主语或宾语 关系词作用 1）2）3）第3页Attributive clause定语从句定语从句定语从句:修饰某个名词或代词从句修饰某个名词或代词从句先行词：被定语从句修饰词先行词：被定语从句修饰词关系代词关系代词:that which,who,whom,whoseThemanwholivesnexttoussellsvegetables.The man sells vegetables.He lives next to us.先行词先行词关系代词关系代词第4页WhoWhomWhichthat指人指人 指物指物 从句中充当从句中充当主语主语/宾语宾语宾语宾语主语主语/宾语宾语主语主语/宾语宾语关系代词何时能省略？作宾语时可省略第5页Whose使用方法及转换形式使用方法及转换形式1.whose引导定语从句，其引导定语从句，其后后应紧应紧跟名词跟名词，组成名词短语。组成名词短语。Thatsthechildwhosefatherisateacher.Doyouknowthewomanwhosehusbandisadoctor?Thisisabookwhosecoverisgreen.2.2.whose引导定语从句，其先行词不但可引导定语从句，其先行词不但可以指以指人人，还能够指，还能够指物物。第6页A.需要注意几个问题：a 只能用that 不能用which/who情况先行词现有些人又有物先行词现有些人又有物I still remember the people and the things that I talked about with my friend.先行词为不定代词（先行词为不定代词（all,few,anything,something,nothing,everything)You must do everything that I do.第7页先行词被序数词先行词被序数词,adj最高级最高级或或theonly,theverythelast等所修饰等所修饰He is the very person that I am looking for.先行词被先行词被all,little,much,any,no,every等修饰等修饰,惯用惯用thatAny man that wants to succeed must work hard.第8页Who is the boy _ was here just now?that主句主句里已经有里已经有who/which，为防止重复，定语从句，为防止重复，定语从句用用that引导引导6.当先行词在定语从句中作表语时当先行词在定语从句中作表语时Heisnolongertheboy_hewas10yearsago.that第9页 B.关系副词引导定语从句关系副词引导定语从句关系副词在从句中分别表示关系副词在从句中分别表示时间、地点或原因状语时间、地点或原因状语关系副词when在从句中充当初间状语。关系副词where在从句中充当地点状语。关系副词why在从句中充当原因状语。第10页关系副词和先行词关系关系副词和先行词关系I still remember the day when I came here.This is the house where I lived last year.There are many reasons why people like traveling.on the day=whenin the house=wherefor the reasons=why关系副词实际上是关系副词实际上是介词先行词介词先行词第11页1.Illneverforgetthedays_weworkedtogether.2.Illneverforgetthedays_wespenttogether.3.IwenttotheplaceIworkedtenyearsago.4.Iwenttotheplace_Ivisitedtenyearsago.5.Thisisthereason_hewaslate.6.Thisisthereason_hegave.when/inwhichwhichwhere/inwhichwhichwhy/forwhichthat/which几个易混情况几个易混情况及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词Fill in the blank:when,where,why,which,thatin which,for which第12页Revision1 the usage of the relative pronoun 关系关系代词代词指代在定语从句中所充当成份人物句子主语宾语定语whowhomwhichthatwhose第13页 the usage of the relative adverb关系副词指代所充当句子成份whenwherewhytimeplacereasonadverbialadverbialadverbial第14页D.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句区分：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句区分：1Chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.2China,whichwasfoundedin1949,isbecomingmoreandmorepowerful.限制性定语从句：限制性定语从句：1）形式上无逗号，）形式上无逗号，2）意义上是先行）意义上是先行词不可缺乏定语，因而不能删除词不可缺乏定语，因而不能删除非限制性定语从句：非限制性定语从句：1）形式上有逗号与主句隔开）形式上有逗号与主句隔开2）是对）是对先行词补充说明，删除后意思仍完整先行词补充说明，删除后意思仍完整 3）关系词）关系词不用不用that且不能省且不能省第15页 E.介词+关系代词1.由先行词习惯搭配或依据先行词需要The speed at which light travels is 300,000km per second.The room in which there is a blackboard is their classroom.介词可能是从句谓语一个部分,或动词所需要搭配Dont bring children to see the animals of which they are afraid.This is the job at which they laughed.第16页2.表示全部关系或整体一部分,常用of whichChina has hundreds of islands,the largest of which is Taiwan.I have many friends,_ some are businessmen.A.of them B.from which C.who of D.of whom D第17页This is the pen _ _ I wrote the letter.Is that the girl _ _ you lent your bicycle?Here is the address _ _ you should writeThese are the things _ _ I spoke just now.Is that the fish _ _ you asked the waiter?with which to whomto whichabout whichfor which第18页3.whose先行词指物时先行词指物时,可用可用ofwhich代替代替,但词序不一样，但词序不一样，即即whose+名词名词=the+n+of which =of which+the+n.He lives in the room whose window faces south.=Helivesintheroom,facessouth.=Helivesintheroom,facessouth.thewindowofwhichofwhichthewindow第19页ThankyouThank You第20页关系词关系词1.关系代词关系代词2.关系副词关系副词1.指人指人2.指物指物3.指某一情况指某一情况thatwhowhomwhosethatwhichwhosewhichas不能放于句首不能放于句首放于句中或句首放于句中或句首“正如正如”whenwherewhy(主语主语/宾语宾语)(状语状语)第21页1.Thisisall_Iknowaboutthematter.A.thatB.whatC.whoD.whether2.Isthereanythingelse_yourequire?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what3.Thelastplace_wevisitedwastheGreatWall.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it考点一考点一:that与与which区分区分先行词为先行词为all,little,much,everything,nothing,something,anything等不定代词时，等不定代词时，关系代词用关系代词用that第22页4.Hetalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooks_interestedhimgreatlyintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.itD.whom5.Thereisnodictionary_youcanfindeverything.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.inthat6.Isoxygentheonlygas_helpsfireburn?A.thatB./C.whichD.it7.Whichwasthehotel_wasrecommendedtoyou?A.thatB.whichC.whereD.it先行词为先行词为人和物组人和物组合合先行词被先行词被all,little,much,every,no,等等修饰时修饰时先行词被先行词被序数词序数词或或最高级最高级修饰先行词前有修饰先行词前有序数词序数词(thefirst),形容词最高级形容词最高级(thebest),thelast,thevery,theonly等时。等时。若主句中有疑问代词若主句中有疑问代词who或者或者which，为了防，为了防止重复止重复,关系代词不要再用关系代词不要再用who,which，而用，而用that。第23页 1.Jim passed the driving test,_ surprised everybody in the office.A.which B that C this D.it只用只用which情况情况:1,逗号后面逗号后面2,介词后面介词后面2.Theday_hewasbornwasAug.20,1952.A.onwhichBthatCwhichD.this第24页 考点二考点二:介词介词+关系代词关系代词提醒提醒:介词介词 关系代词引导定语从句关系代词引导定语从句,关键关键是判断介词选择是判断介词选择.方法一方法一:依据从句中依据从句中动词动词与与先行词先行词习惯搭配习惯搭配方法二方法二:依据从句中动词与先行词依据从句中动词与先行词逻辑关系逻辑关系注意：注意：关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句经常由时，从句经常由“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”引出。引出。此时关系代词只能用此时关系代词只能用which或或whom;不可不可用用that或或who代替代替第25页The man is from Beijing University.I talked about him at the meeting.The man(who/whom/that)I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University.Join them into one sentence.=The man about I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.关系代词紧跟在介词后面时，不能用关系代词紧跟在介词后面时，不能用that，也，也不能省略，惯用不能省略，惯用which或或whom。该介词通常能够。该介词通常能够放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。whom第26页Fillingblanks:1.The man _ you shook hands just now is our headmaster.2.The room _ my family live used to be a garage.with whomin which第27页考点三考点三Whose使用方法及转换形式使用方法及转换形式1.whose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，组成名词短语。组成名词短语。Thatsthechildwhosefatherisateacher.Doyouknowthewomanwhosehusbandisadoctor?Thisisabookwhosecoverisgreen.2.2.whose引导定语从句，其先行词不但可引导定语从句，其先行词不但可以指人，还能够指物。以指人，还能够指物。第28页考点四：考点四：as与与which引导定语从句引导定语从句 二者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时能二者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时能够交换，但以下情况多用够交换，但以下情况多用as。1.当与当与such或或the same连用时，普通用连用时，普通用as。e.g.Such books as you tell me are interesting.I have the same plan as you.2.as 引导从句能够放在句首引导从句能够放在句首,as 本身有本身有“正如正如.正象正象”之意，与之连用词有之意，与之连用词有 know,see,expect,announce,point out 等。等。e.g.As we all know,the earth is round.第29页1._wasnatural,hemarriedJenny.A.WhichB.ThatC.ThisD.As2.Suchsigns_weuseintheexperiment_Greekletters.A.as,areB.as,isC.that,areD.that,is第30页4._hasbeensaidabove,grammarisasetofdeadrules.A.WhichB.WhatC.ThatD.As5.Wedothesamework_theydo.A.whichB.asC.thanD.like第31页Anyone _breaks the law is punished.Those _ break the law are punished.He _ breaks the law is punished.在在anyone,those,he/she/I/they作先行词作先行词时时,用用”who”代替代替“that”.考点五考点五:that与与who区分区分whowhowho第32页 考点六考点六:怎样判断用怎样判断用关系副词关系副词还是还是关系代词关系代词?选取定语从句关系词时，需注意两点：选取定语从句关系词时，需注意两点：1.先行词先行词2.关系词在从句中充当成份关系词在从句中充当成份。做主语，宾语，定语用做主语，宾语，定语用做状语用做状语用关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词第33页 I will never forget the day _ I first went to school.I will never forget the day _ we spent in Beijing.The house _ we visited is being repaired now.The house _ Luxun once lived is being repaired now.when(which/that)(which/that)where第34页 考点七考点七:定语从句中主谓一致问题定语从句中主谓一致问题定语从句中动词在人称和数方面应该与它定语从句中动词在人称和数方面应该与它先先行词行词保持一致。保持一致。1.Iamnotonewho_afraidofdifficulty2.Dontchooseme,who_notfitforthisjobisam第35页 3.This is one of the best books _.A.that have ever been written B.that has ever been written C.that has written D.that have written4.She is the only one of the girls _ well in class.A.which sings B.who sing C.who sings D.who to sing第36页1.Isthisfactory_wevisitedlastweek?DIsthisthefactory_wevisitedlastWeek?A、whereB、thatC、towhichD、theoneB解题关键：假如是疑问句式，将其转化为陈解题关键：假如是疑问句式，将其转化为陈说句式。说句式。Exercises第37页2.Letmethinkofapropersituation_thissentencecanbeused.A、whereB、thatC、ofwhomD、whichA先行词是先行词是situation,case,scene时，时，普通用普通用where,最正最正确选择则是确选择则是inwhich第38页3.Shewillneverforgettheday_shespentinBeijing.A、whenB、whatC、whichD、whyCShewillneverforgettheday_shestayedwithhiminBeijing.A第39页5.Thecollegewonttakeanyone_eyesightisweak.A、whoB、whoseC、ofwhomD、whichB6.Those_totakepartinthegamewritedownyournames.A、whoB、whowantC、whowantsD、whatB第40页7.IdontlikeEnglish,_Iamnotinterested.IdontlikeEnglish,_grammarisdifficulttolearn.Ilikethishouse,_doorwayisjustenoughtoget.Ilikethishouse,_doorwayissmall.A.inwhichB.whichC.throughwhoseD.whoseADCD第41页8.I，_yourgoodfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouout.A、whoisB、whatisC、whatamD、whoamD9.Whichofthetwocows_youkeepproducesmoremilk?A、whichB、thatC、whatD、asB第42页10.Hiswalkingstick,_hecantwalk,waslostyesterday.A、thatB、withwhichC、whichD、withoutwhichD第43页 13.HemustbefromAfrica,_canbeseenfromhisskin.A.thatB.asC.whoD.whatB第44页14.Thisisthesamepen_Ilostyesterday.A.asB.thatC.theoneD.A&BD比较：比较：.thesamepenasIlost.thesamepenthatIlost.表示这支笔与我不见那支很像，不一定就是表示这支笔与我不见那支很像，不一定就是则表示这支笔就是我不见那支则表示这支笔就是我不见那支.第45页15.Theteachergaveussodifficultaproblem_wecouldntsolve.Theteachergaveussodifficultaproblem_wecouldntsolveit.A.asB.thatC.whichD.theonesABso.that后面跟是一个结果状语从句后面跟是一个结果状语从句第46页16._ismentionedabove,thenumberofthestudentsinseniorhighschoolisincreasing.A.WhichB.AsC.WhatD.ThatB第47页17.Illtellyou_hetoldmelastnight.A.allwhichB.allwhatC.thatallD.allD18.Howdoyoulikethebook?Itsquitedifferentfrom_Ireadlastmonth.A.thatB.whichC.theoneD.theonewhatC第48页19.Therearethreelibrariesinourschool,_werebuiltfiveyearsago.A、allofthemB、eitherofthemC、allofwhichD、bothofthatC第49页20.Iboughtsomebooksfromthebookstore,five _wereEnglishnovels.A.ofwhichB.whichC.thatD.inwhichA名词/代词/数词+of+which/whom引导非限定性定语从句第50页21.Here are players from Japan,some of _ are our old friends.Here are some players from Japan and some of _ are our old friends.A.which B.that C.whom D.them非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句并列句并列句CD第51页