关于饮食.doc

精选文档1. First of all, the making method of Chinese food is different from Western-style food.首先，中西餐的烹调方法不同。In Western-style food cookbook, various ingredients such as the flour, sugar, butter etc. have been indicated severalgrams, several spoons or several cups, even the size of the egg will all be explained. I think it is like a testinglaboratory. So, Making Western-style food is easy, so long as you cook according to cookbookmanual.西餐的烹调书中写明了面粉需要几克，糖需要几汤匙，黄油需要几杯等等，甚至连用到的鸡蛋的大小也有说明。烹调西餐就像在实验室里做实验一样。所以只要参考着烹调书，西餐是很好做的。But it is not the easy thing that you want to make fine Chinese food. Even if you have bought the cookbook, it is not so easy. Because the Chinese cookbook will not tell you several grams of ingredient, for example salt, Chinese cookbook just tell you appropriate amount of salt, dont tell you several gram, several spoon or several cup. Why? The taste of people who live in different places is different in China. There is a folkadagein China “south sweet, north salty, east hot and west sour”. So, a good cook relies on experience and skill when cooks in China.但是要做出美味的中餐，即使你有参考书也不是一件容易的事。因为烹饪书里不会告诉你原料的用量，比如盐，只会告诉你“适量”，而不会精确到克。为什么呢？因为在中国，不同地域的人们口味不同。俗话说：南甜，北咸，东辣，西酸。所以，一个好厨师靠的是丰富的经验和技巧。2. Second, the atmosphere of Chinese food is different from Western-style food while having a meal.其次，中西方的就餐氛围不同。The atmosphere of Western-style food is particular about scenery. The good restaurant is generally built in the beautiful mountaintop, park or the revolving dining-room of the city center high building. So Western-style food is “Eat the scenery” but not “Eat taste”.在西方，人们看重就餐的环境。一家好的餐馆最好建在风景如画的山顶、公园或者城市中心的高楼上。所以西餐吃的不是味道，是环境。The atmosphere of Chinese food is particular about taste and participation. Chinese food conquers the world with taste. There is a folk adage in China “If I want to conquer your heart, I will conquer your stomach first”. Everybody sits around table while eating Chinese food, everybody is eating the dish in the same plate, the hospitable host will also nip the dish into your bowl, it is so friendly. The friendship between person and person is deeper after a meal.在中国，人们看重食物的味道与分享。中餐以美味征服世界。中国有句古话：欲征服人心，先征服人胃。进餐时，大家一起围坐在餐桌旁，所有人共同分享一个盘子中的食物，主人还会热情的为你夹菜。一顿饭后，人们之间的情谊会加深。3. Third, the way that Chinese andoccidentalpraise food is different.第三，中西方赞美食物的方式不同。Chinese praise food, will generally say: “Your dish is cooked very excellently, has caught up with the level of the restaurant”; butoccidentalpraise food, will say just like what the home make.中国人赞美食物会说：“你的菜做的真好，都赶上饭店的水平了！”西方人却会说：你的菜和家里做的一样好！Is there any major holiday that isnt celebrated with a special festive food? Given the important role food plays in Chinese culture, it is not surprising that many foods have symbolic meaning. The symbolic significance of a food may be based on its appearance or on how the Chinese word for it sounds. Here are several symbolic Chinese foods:哪个特殊的中国节日会没有美食的陪伴呢？美食在中华文化中扮演着重要角色，也自然地有了象征意义。食物的象征意义可以来源于外形本身或者名字发音。以下是一些中华文化中极具象征性的食物：1. Eggs1. 鸡蛋Eggs hold a special symbolic significance in many cultures, and China is no exception. The Chinese believe eggs symbolize fertility. After a baby is born, parents may hold a red egg and ginger party, where they pass out hard boiled eggs to announce the birth. (In some regions of China the number of eggs presented depends on the sex of the child: an even number for a girl, and an odd number if a boy has been born).鸡蛋在很多文化中都有着特殊的象征意义，在中国也不例外。中国人相信鸡蛋象征着繁衍。婴儿出生后，父母可以组织一个“红鸡蛋和生姜宴”，传递煮好的鸡蛋以宣布新生儿的出生。（在中国有些地区，拿出的鸡蛋个数代表着孩子的性别：偶数代表女孩，奇数代表男孩。）2. Noodles2. 面条Noodles are a symbol of longevity in Chinese culture. They are as much a part of a Chinese birthday celebration as a birthday cake with lit candles is in many countries. Since noodles do symbolize long life, it is considered very unlucky to cut up astrand.面条在中华文化中是长寿的象征。在中式的生日庆祝中，面条的角色不亚于很多国家点着蜡烛的生日蛋糕。鉴于面条象征长寿，切断面条被看作是非常不吉利的做法。3. Fish3. 鱼Although westerners sometimes balk at the sight of a entire fish lying on a plate, in China a fish served whole is a symbol of prosperity. In fact, at a banquet it iscustomaryto serve the whole fish last, pointed toward the guest of honor. Fish also has symbolic significance because the Chinese word for fish, yu, sounds like the word for riches or abundance, and it is believed that eating fish will help your wishes come true in the year to come.尽管西方人看到一整条鱼躺在盘子里有时会犹豫不前，然而在中国，端上的整条鱼是富饶的象征。事实上，宴会的习俗是最后端上整鱼，鱼头对着贵宾。鱼的象征意义也来自于中文中鱼的发音，和表示富有和充裕的“余”同音，而且人们相信吃鱼会让他们在来年心想事成。4. Duck4. 鸭If you are ever invited to a Chinese wedding banquet, dont be surprised to spot a mouthwatering platter of Peking duck on the banquet table. Ducks representfidelityin Chinese culture. Also, red dishes are featured at weddings as red is the color of happiness. (Youll find them served at New Years banquets for the same reason.)如果你被邀请参加中式婚宴，看到宴桌上让人垂涎三尺的北京烤鸭不要大惊小怪噢。鸭子在中华文化中象征忠诚。而且，红色菜肴是婚礼的特色，因为红色是象征幸福的颜色。（同样的原因，你会发现它们也出现在新年宴席上。）5. Chicken5. 鸡In Chinese culture, chicken forms part of the symbolism of the dragon and phoenix. At a Chinese wedding, chickens feet (sometimes referred to as phoenix feet) are often served with dragon foods such as lobster. Chicken is also popular at Chinese New Year, symbolizing a good marriage and the coming together of families (serving the bird whole emphasizes family unity).在中华文化中，鸡是组成龙和凤凰的一部分。在中式婚礼上，鸡爪（有时被称为凤爪）通常和与龙有关的食物（比如龙虾）一起被奉上 。鸡也是中国新年庆祝的一部分，象征婚姻美满和家庭团聚（整鸡更强调家庭团圆）。6. Seeds (lotus seeds, watermelon seeds, etc)6. 种子（莲子，西瓜籽等）Visit an Asian bakery during the Chinese New Year, and youre likely to find a wide assortment of snacks with different types of seeds in them. The seed-filled treats represent bearing many children in Chinese culture.在中国春节期间去糕点房看看，你很可能就看到种类繁多的中国小吃，由不同种类的种子制成。包着种子的小吃在中国文化中象征多子。7. Fruit - Tangerines, Oranges and Pomelos7. 水果桔子，橙子和柚子Tangerines and oranges are passed out freely during Chinese New Year as the words for tangerine and orange sound like luck and wealth, respectively. As for pomelos, this large ancestor of the grapefruit signifies abundance, as the Chinese word for pomelo sounds like the word for to have.中国春节时候人们会赠送桔子和橙子，因为这两种水果的说法分别象征着吉祥和财富。 大个头柚子是葡萄柚的原种，象征着丰富，因为其中文发音和“有”接近。8. Cake8. 糕点And what about the sweet, steamed cakes that are so popular during the Chinese New Year season? Cakes such as Sticky Rice Cake have symbolic significance on many levels. Their sweetness symbolizes a rich, sweet life, while the layers symbolize rising abundance for the coming year. Finally, the round shape signifies family reunion.中国春节期间广受欢迎的蒸糕又象征什么呢？像糯米糕之类的糕点在很多方面都有着象征意义。糕点本身的甜味象征着富足甜美的生活，而多层的糕点结构又象征着来年更上一层楼的富有。还有，圆圆的外形代表着家庭团聚。9. Dont Forget the Vegetables!9. 还有蔬菜噢Chinese garlic chives symbolize eternity, while cone-shaped winter bamboo shoots are a symbol of wealth.在中国，韭菜象征着永恒，锥形的冬笋象征财富。Do not disregard the dishit is more than just, simply food combination. Bear in mind the culture elementsappreciate the blessing within.不要认为菜肴只是简单的食物搭配而忽视它。牢记美食中蕴含的文化元素，感受食物被赋予的美好祝福吧。10.Symbolic Recipes10. 特色中国菜Here are recipes featuring symbolic Chinese food for you to enjoy:以下为您奉上极具象征意义的特色中国菜，尽情享用吧：Kung Pao Chicken宫保鸡丁Longevity Noodles长寿面Peking Duck北京烤鸭Red Cooked Chicken or Soy Sauce Chicken茶香鸡或者酱油鸡Sweet and Sour Fish糖醋鱼Tea Eggs茶叶蛋The main difference between Chinese and Western eating habits is that unlike the West, where everyone has their own plate of food, in China the dishes are placed on the table and everybody shares. If you are being treated by a Chinese host, be prepared for a ton of food. Chinese are very proud of their culture of food and will do their best to give you a taste of many different types of cuisine. Among friends, they will just order enough for the people there. If they are taking somebody out for dinner and the relationship is polite to semi-polite, then they will usually order one more dish than the number of guests (e.g. four people, five dishes). If it is a business dinner or a very formal occasion, there is likely to be a huge amount of food that will be impossible to finish. A typical meal starts with some cold dishes, like boiled peanuts and smashed cucumber with garlic. These are followed by the main courses, hot meat and vegetable dishes. Finally soup is brought out, which is followed by the starchy staple food, which is usually rice or noodles or sometimes dumplings. Many Chinese eat rice (or noodles or whatever) last, but if you like to have your rice together with other dishes, you should say so early on. Everything is relative, cultural difference being no exception. Culture, as the total pattern of human behavior and its products, oversteps geographical limits and historical conditions in many ways, and it is characterized by its strong penetrativeness and fusibility. It is no surprise to see phenomena characteristic of one culture existing in another. As a result, some people even fear that the world will become a dull place when all the different nationalities behave exactly alike. Nevertheless, the “cultural sediment” formed through long-range accumulation is not to be easily removed, and the cultural tradition handed down from generation to generation shows great consistency and continuity. The cultures of different regions and nations still have their own distinctive peculiarities, and therefore significance still needs to be attached to the study of the individualities of different cultures against the background of their universality.之间的主要区别中国和西方的饮食习惯不同的是，西方国家，每个人都有自己的板的食品，在中国菜放在桌子上，每个人都股份。如果您正在接受治疗的中国主机，准备一吨粮食。中国感到非常自豪自己的文化的食品和将尽力给你一个口味许多不同类型的菜肴。朋友之间，他们将公正的秩序不够那里的人民。如果有人正在为晚餐和关系是礼貌半礼貌，那么他们通常会以一个更多的菜比宾客人数（如4人死亡， 5菜） 。如果它是一个商业晚宴或一个非常正式的场合，有可能是大量的食物，将不可能完成。 一个典型的吃饭开始，一些冷冻的食物，如煮花生，黄瓜捣破大蒜。这些都是其次是主要课程，热点肉类和蔬菜的菜肴。最后汤带出，之后是淀粉“主食”的食物，通常是大米或面条或有时饺子。许多中国吃大米（或面条或任何）去年，但是如果你想你的大米连同其他菜，你应该说，这么早的。 一切都是相对的，文化的差异也不例外。文化，总格局人类行为及其产品，超越地理界限和历史条件在许多方面，它的特点是其强大的penetrativeness和熔化。 这是毫不奇怪地看到现象的特点一个文化存在的另一个。因此，一些人甚至担心，世界将成为一个沉闷的地方时，所有不同国籍的表现完全一样。 然而， “文化沉淀”形成长期的积累是不容易被搬走，并移交文化传统代代相传显示伟大的一贯性和连续性。文化的不同地区和国家仍然有自己独特的特点，因此，意义仍然需要重视的研究个性不同的文化背景下其普遍性。The Chinese diet culture broad and profound, has a long history of 1, enjoyed a high reputation in the world.中华饮食文化博大精深1、源远流长，在世界上享有很高的声誉。（范文素材和资料部分来自网络，供参考。可复制、编制，期待你的好评与关注）