翻硕复习转句译法和合句译法省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

第十一讲 转句译法与合并译法第1页nWhenIreachedtheageoftwelveIlefttheschoolforeverandgotmyfirstfulltimejob,asagrocersboy.Ispentmydayscarryingheavyloads,butIenjoyedit.Itwasonlymycapacityforhardworkthatsavedmefromearlydismissal,forIcouldneverstomachspeakingtomy“betters”withthedeferencemyemployerthoughtIshouldassume.第2页n我从十二岁那年起就永远离开了学校，而且找到了一份专职员作。最初是在一家食品杂货店里当伙计。我整天扛沉重货物，不过干得倒也挺带劲。要不是能干重活，我早就给解聘了。因为老板要我毕恭毕敬地跟那些“上等人”说话，这么干，我实在受不了。第3页nButthelimitwasreachedonTuesdaymyhalfholiday.OnmywayhomeonthatdayIusedtocarryalargebasketofprovisionstothehomeofmyemployerssister-in-law.AsherhousewasonmywayhomeIneverobjectedtothis.第4页n不过，有一个礼拜二是我歇半天班假日事情发展到令我难以忍受地步。每逢礼拜二回家时候，我经常替老板捎一大篮子吃东西，给他嫂子送去。因为顺路，我也从没说过不愿意。第5页nOnthisparticularTuesday,however,justaswewereputtingtheshuttersup,aloadofsmokedhamswasdeliveredattheshop.“Waitaminute,”saidtheboss,andheopenedtheloadandtookoutaham,whichhestartedtoboneandstringup.第6页n可是，就在这礼拜二，我们正关店门（上门板）当儿，一批熏火腿送到店里。“等一会儿！”老板说道，说罢便打开火腿包，拿出一只，开始剔骨头，然后用绳子绑起来。第7页教学步骤：一、转句译法二、合句译法三、语篇翻译练习第8页转句译法（Division/Expansion)第9页 英语和汉语中常有一些短小精悍、含义丰富单词或词组，在句中充当各种句子成份。在翻译中有时极难将这类单词或词组照旧译出，所以需对其进行转译，将其译成汉语或英语一个句子。转句意思就是转成句子。即在翻译时把原文中一个单词或短语转成一个句子，也叫“分译”或“拆译”，意思就是把单词或短语分开或拆开来翻译。Division/Expansion refers to the process of dividing a sentence into two or more ones by picking up those words or phrases which“are hard nuts to crack”and expanding them into clauses or sentences.第10页n冯庆华教授(:92)把分译法划分成“转句译法”和“断句译法”,认为二者都是把原文较长句子拆开来说,不一样之处于于前者指把原文中一个词组或词语拉出来翻译成独立句子,后者指把原文中从句拉出来翻译成独立句子。n郭著章、李庆生(1996:93-96)认为分译法主要用于长句翻译,长句翻译是分译法主要内容,但分译法也应该包含一些词语意义分译。n郭著章、李庆生(1996:95-96)认为“所谓一长句可分译成几句中句子含义是什么呢?此处所谓句子不在于结尾处用句号,而在于有没有主谓结构而。普通说来,含有一个主谓结构语言部分就是一个句子。”第11页.把单词译成句子1.Unreasonably,she had expected that someone might solve the problem for her.她期待着有些人能帮她处理问题，这是没有道理。2.Henry tried unsuccessfully to put out the fire.亨利奋力灭火，却无济于事。3.In the days that followed I learned to spell in thisuncomprehending way a great many words.在随即日子里我就这么学着拼写了许多词，即使并不了解它们意思。第12页4.At that time a growing minority of western intellectuals agreed with this opinion.当初越来越多西方知识分子同意这种观点，即使从数量上他们仍是少数。5.The skin-tight skirt and orange sweater displayed to enviable advantage a soft and slender body.那条紧身裙和橘黄色毛衣把她柔软苗条身材衬得恰到好处，真令人羡慕。6.This system will conceivably eventually replace the old way of operation.能够想见，这种系统最终将取代旧操作方式。第13页7.The region was the most identifiable trouble spot.那地域是个麻烦地方，这是最轻易看得出来。8.He arrived in Washington at a ripe moment internationally.他来到华盛顿，就国际形势来说，时机正适当。9.As a place to live,it left much to be desired.But as a secret training base for a new plane,it was an excellent site,its remoteness effectively prevented its activity from being known.作为居住地方，这里有许多不足之处。但作为新型飞机秘密训练基地却是非常理想。它地处偏远，人们不轻易了解其中活动。第14页10).They seemed justifiably proud of their economic achievements.（状语句子）他们似乎为他们在经济上取得成就而自豪，这是合乎情理。11).That region was the most identifiable trouble spot.(定语句子)那地域是个麻烦地方，这是大家最轻易看出来。12).A movie of me leaving that foxhole would look like a shell leaving a rifle.(主语句子)我离开那个单人掩体情景，要是拍成电影话，会象出膛子弹那样快。第15页13).He shook his head and his eyes were wide,then narrowed in indignation.(宾语句子)他摇了摇头，两目睁得圆圆，接着又眯成一条线，脸上露出了愤恨神色。14).He had a sound feeling that the idiom was the backbone of a language and he was all for the racy phrases.(定语)他感到习语是语言主要支柱,所以尤其主张用生动短语，他想法是非常正确。第16页15).Luckily,at this moment he caught a liver complaint,for the cure of which he returned to Europe,and which was the source of great comfort and amusement to him in his native country.(W.M.Thackerary:Vanity Fair)(插入语句子）算他运气好，正在那时害了肝病，必须回到欧洲去医治，才算有机会在本国享福。第17页翻译练习:1).She stalked away,with a gnawing uncertainty in her breast.她抬头阔步地走开，心里半信半疑，（心中）感到十分苦恼。2).He had long been held in cordial contempt by his peers;now that contempt was no longer cordial.长久以来，他同僚即使看不起他，却还是对他有些亲切感；现在除了看不起之外，连亲切感也没有了。第18页3).The planes on the much-bombarded airfield had been reduced to 12 by Sept.10.因为机场遭到狂轰乱炸，机场上飞机到九月10日时已降低到12架了。4).Any comment on the issue should appropriately come from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.相关该问题任何评论应由外交部作出，这才是适当。5).Characteristically,Mr.Zhang concealed his feelings and watched and learned.张先生没有表露自己感情，只是察言观色，心领神会。这是他特点。第19页II.把短语译成句子1.Not surprisingly,they did not reply at all.他们根本没有回复，这一点也不奇怪。2.He was deeply impressed by Nixons firm handshake.尼克松紧紧地握住他手，这给他留下了深刻印象。3.His extreme earnestness impressed me deeply.他做事极其认真，给我留下了深刻印象。4.She tried to help them find other rental quarters without success.她试图帮他们找别出租房子，不过没找着。第20页5.Her alternations of mood caused worries to her parents.她情绪时好时坏，让她父母很担心。6.He finally failed despite months of meticulous preparation.即使他精心准备了好几个月，但最终还是失败了。7.Another failure would definitely deprived him of all his confidence.假如他再失败话，必定就会失去全部信心了。8.A little more efforts would most likely have led to a different result.假如再努力一点，结果很有可能就会不一样。9.Another round of war in the region clearly would put strains on international relations.假如该地域再次发生战争，显然会使国际关系处于担心状态。第21页10.They were at home in the home of their relatives,moving confidently without fear.（状语句子）他们在亲戚家里感到自在，行动时心里踏实，无忧无虑。11.Sunrays filtered in whatever they could,driving out darkness and choking the shadows.（状语句子）阳光射入了它所能透过全部地方，赶走了黑暗，驱散了幽影。12.The station chief would have to be close to the director,a member of the inner circle.（同位语句子）这位站长就得靠近董事，因为董事是关键集团组员。第22页13.A crashing thunderstorm,with thick rain hissing down from skies black as night,stopped Victor Henry from leaving the White House.(Herman Wouk:The Winds of War)(主语句子）轰隆几声雷响，从漆黑天空哗啦啦下起大雨来。维克多亨利无法离开白宫。14.After an hour,the trail took them by a low,spreading tree strung thickly with beads.(Alex Haley:Roots)走了一个小时光景，他们走到了一棵矮矮枝繁叶茂树旁，树上密密麻麻地挂满了念珠。15.The hospital was already spreading a fame for its food.这个医院伙食好，这点已远近闻名了。第23页翻译练习：翻译练习：1).His article is a well-written composition of good structure and fine style.（定语）他文章写得好，结构严谨，文笔优美。2).I waited in growing impatience to get on my way,not for one minute but for quite a considerable time.（状语）我等着要启程，越等越不耐烦；哪里只等一会儿，一等就是大半天。3).I was quite astonished at your return from India to find you no taller than myself.（宾语）你从印度回来，只是与我一样高，真是想不到。4).Clapp,with the best of charcaters and handwritings,had been able very soon after his masters disaster to find other employment for himself.(Thackeray:Vanity Fair)第24页克拉浦品行端正，一笔字又写得好，所以主人坏了事以后很快就找到了别工作。5).The difficulty of attainment increases with the value of the object.越是难以取得东西，其价值就越高。6).Thunderstorms in spring and summer often come with intensity great enough to cause flash-flooding.春夏两季雷雨交加，迅猛异常，顷刻之间暴雨成灾。这是常有之事。7).He listened with bright-eyed smiling attention,saying nothing,and applauding heartily with the rest.他側耳倾听，目光炯炯，含笑而听，一言不发，听毕与他人一起报以热烈掌声。第25页8).Out of a deep and dreamless sleep he was awakened by the sound of thumping on the door.他在酣睡，连梦也没有。突然间一阵急促敲门声把他吵醒了。9).Their dogged fight against such heavy odds gave the troops invaluable extra time.他们在敌众我寡情况下顽强战斗，为大部队赢得了宝贵时间。10).The infinitesimal amount of unclear fuel required makes it possible to build power reactors in any part of the world.动力反应堆所需要原料极少，所以能够建在世界上任何地方。第26页11).Tom is,on the surface,a stoutish,easy-going elderly man,with kindly patient manners,and an engaging simplicity of character.论外表，汤姆身材强壮，平易近人，年事渐长，彬彬有礼，心宽坦然，仪态优雅，性情率真。12).The present onslaught of vehicles poses a serious threat to urban life and pedestrian peace of mind.当前，车辆横冲直撞，严重威胁着城市（市区）生活，路上行人无不提心吊胆。13).Doctors and men both talked about a miracle drug constantly almost with awe.医生和伤病员经常谈起一个神奇药品，而且谈时几乎都带有一个敬畏口吻。第27页14).But they had become nomads of the desert,living on the ground and under the sky,and they loved it.可是他们都变成了沙漠里牧民了，生活在苍天之下，黄土之上。他们可也喜欢这种生活。15).This is an intelligently organized and fervent meeting in a packed Town Hall,with Mr.Green in the chair.这是一次精心组织会议，市政大厅里与会者济济一堂，热情洋溢。会议由格林先生主持。第28页转译复合句第29页3.Split complex sentences in translation（转译复合句）An English complex sentence,composed of two or more clauses,often expresses a series of logical thoughts.In Chinese,however,such logical thoughts are preferably expressed in separate clauses or short sentences,which are arranged in certain logical order.(1).Separate the adjective clause from the main clause English adjective clause can be translated into Chinese attributes,co-ordinate clauses or subordinate clauses which act as adverbial clauses denoting reason,result,purpose,condition,concession,etc.Here we have some examples to illustrate this point.第30页(I).Translate English adjective clauses into Chinese co-ordinate clauses or independent sentences.1）Bright sunshine flooded the street where a group of boys in Sunday clothes were playing ball.大街上阳光灿烂，一群穿着假日盛装男孩正在街上玩球。2).This was the period when Einstein began the research which resulted in the creation of his famous Theory of Relativity.在这期间，爱因斯坦开始了一项研究，经过此项研究，他创建了著名相对论。3）.Toms scientific training came during the visits of an uncle who was a scientist.汤姆叔叔是位科学家，汤姆屡次造访他叔叔，就在这时候汤姆开始了他科学研究。第31页4).Most of the time was given to intra-squad games in which the Chinese table tennis players demonstrated their dazzling techniques and skills to a highly appreciative audience.其间大部分比赛是在中国选手之间进行。中国乒乓球运动员展示了令人眼花缭乱球艺，观众看了都赞叹不已。5).He failed somehow,in spite of a mediocrity which ought to have insured any man a success.照理说，他这么庸才应该发迹，可是不知怎他并不得志。第32页6).Rhoda clutched Victor Henrys arm and jumped up and down,to the amusement of the uniformed foreign ministry man who had escorted them to meet the train from Konigsberg.(Herman Wouk:The Winds of War)罗达紧紧抓住维多克亨利胳膊乱蹦乱跳。旁边那位穿制服外交部官员忍不住露出微笑，他是送他们到这里来接从科尼希斯贝格开来列车。第33页(II).Translate English adjective clauses into Chinese subordinate(adverbial)clauses.1）Gas occupies all of any container in which it is placed.(concession)气体不论装在什么容器，都会把容器占满。2）A body that contains only atoms with same general properties is called an element.(condition)一个物质假如所包含原子属性相同，就称为元素。3).However we should not give much credence to this tale,which is more likely to spread to make fun of the supposedly stingy nature of the Scots.(cause)我们可不要轻信这么传说，因为这种传说之所以流传，多半是用来嘲笑苏格兰人那种所谓吝啬性格。第34页1).This technique will help to minimize any increase in product costs which are inevitable in the present circumstances.(concession)即使在当前情况下产品成本增加是不可防止，但这种技术可有利于将产品成本降至最低程度。2).On earth,where fog or rain would interfere with transmission,lasers would have to be beamed through evacuated pipelines to prevent power loss.(cause)为预防功率损失，激光必须在真空管道中输送，因为地球表面上雾气或雨滴会影响激光输送。3).There is an emergency exit in the roof of the car through which passengers can escape.(purpose)汽车顶上有个应急出口处，方便乘客在紧急时能从处逃生。第35页(III).Separate other clauses from their main clauses(分译主分译主句或其它从句句或其它从句)Inversion in translation due to the differences in syntactic or idiomatic construction between English and Chinese often results in division.We may separate other clauses from their main clauses and rearrange the word order according to the Chinese way of thinking and of expression.In such cases,the main clauses or the subordinate clauses may be translated into Chinese“independent element”(独立成份)or“extra-position element”(外位成份).第36页1).He wanted to tell Tom how surprised he was at his knowledge but embarrassment made him hold his peace.他想告诉汤姆，他没有料到他知识这么渊博，不过以为有些不好意思，没有说出口。2).I believe strongly that it is in the interests of my countrymen that Britain should remain an active and energetic member of the European Community.我果断地认为，英国应该继续在欧洲公同体中饰演一个主动而充满活力角色，这是符合我国人民利益。第37页3).Strange enough they were the same age to the day.说来也巧，他俩年纪一样大，而且还是同日生。4).The ample yard in back is dominated by heavily bearing fruit trees.屋后是个宽大院子，大部分都给果实累累国树占据了。第38页n合句译法(combination)第39页n合合译译法法(Combination)(Combination)：和和分分译译法法不不一一样样，合合译译法法是是将将不不一一样样句句子子成成份份组组合合在在一一起起，使使其其更更符符合合汉汉语语表表示示方方法。法。n普普通通说说来来，英英语语句句子子要要比比汉汉语语句句子子长长，一一个个英英语语句句子子要要比比汉汉语语句句子子含含有有更更大大容容量量。所所以以，在在汉汉译译英英时时常常会会把把两两个个或或两两个个以以上上汉汉语语句句子子翻翻译译成成一一个个英英语语句句子子。比比较较口口语语化化英英语语句句子子也也较较短短，在在英英译译汉汉时时也也会会使使用用合合译译法。法。第40页n合句法类型：n简单句与简单句合并n主从复合句合并n并列复合句合并第41页n1.The young man was very miserable.He had no money about him.All his savings had been stolen.n这个年轻人真惨，已落到身无分文地步，因为他全部积蓄都被偷了。n2.That day,the President had an interview with his father.His father was going to the moon by space shuttle.n那天，总统会见了他父亲，他父亲将乘航天飞机去登月。n3.He was clean.His mind was open.n他为人单纯而坦率。简单句翻译：第42页n4.She was born in a very small town.The town is in the north of China near the sea.n她出生在中国北方一个沿海小镇。n5.It was April 1945.The Second World War was coming to an end.n1945年4月，第二次世界大战已靠近尾声。n6.She went back home to take care of her husband.He was seriously ill.n她回家去照料病重丈夫。第43页n7.They sat down in the waiting-room to do some reading.People came to and fro there.n他们在人来人往候车室里坐下来看点书。第44页复合句翻译n1.When I negotiate,I get nervous.When I get nervous,I eat.n我谈判时总是有些担心。担心时我就吃点东西。n2.When we praise the Chinese leadership and the people,we are not merely being polite.n我们对中国领导人和中国人民赞扬不但仅是出于礼貌。第45页n3.In 1844 Engels met Marx,and they became friends.n1844年恩格斯与马克思相遇并成为了好朋友。n4.It was in mid-August,and the repair section operated under the blazing sun.n八月中旬，维修人员在烈日下工作。第46页5.He unnecessarily spent a lot of time introducing this book,which the students are familiar with.n他花了很长时间介绍这本书，其实没有必要，因为学生们对它已经很熟悉了。6.Friction wears away metal in the moving parts,which shortens their working life.n运动部件间摩擦力使金属磨损，这就缩短了运动部件使用寿命。第47页q“There be+主主语语+定定语语从从句句”，在在这这么么复复合合句句中中，主主要要为为主主意意义义不不在在there be上上，而而在在从从句句谓谓语语部部分分。翻翻译译时时能能够够使使用用合合译译法法把把主主句句译译成成“有有+名名词词（兼兼语语式式谓谓语语）”，把把从从句句译译成成谓谓语语。组组成成“有有些些人人做做（是是）”，“没有些人做（是）没有些人做（是）”格式。比如格式。比如:第48页1.There are some metals which are lighter than water.有些金属比水轻。n2.There is nothing that does not contain contradiction;without contradiction nothing would exist.n没有什么事物不包含矛盾，没有矛盾就没有世界。n3.There are a number of drugs that can cause physical and mental trouble.n有许多麻醉品，会对身心造成危害。4.There is no place on the earth where the days are longer in winter than in summer.n地球上没有一个地方冬天白昼比夏天长。第49页语篇翻译练习：美国总统奥巴马取得连任n With results in from most states,Americas first black president has secured the 270 votes in the electoral college needed to win the race.n Mr Obama prevailed despite lingering dissatisfaction with the economy and a well-funded challenge by Mr Romney.n He won by a comfortable margineven while the swing state of Florida remains too close to call.第50页n With Floridas 29 electoral votes still undecided,Mr Obama won 303 electoral votes to Mr Romneys 206.n In Chicago,Mr Obama greeted cheering supporters and congratulated Mr Romney and Republican Vice-presidential candidate Paul Ryan on their hard-fought campaign.第51页nWe have picked ourselves up,we have fought our way back and we know in our hearts that for the United States of America the best is yet to come,he said.nHe pledged to work with Republican leaders in Congress to reduce the governments budget deficit,fix the tax code and reform the immigration system.nWe are an American family and we rise and fall together as one nation,he said.nIn Boston,where his campaign was based,Mr Romney congratulated the president and said he and Mr Ryan had left everything on the field and had given their all in the campaign.n第52页nThis election is over,but our principles endure,he said.I so wish that I had been able to fulfil your hopes to lead the country in a different direction.nUnder the US constitution,each