人教版初中英语七年级下册Unit10语法指导与练习.doc

人教版初中英语七年级下册Unit10语法指导与练习Unit 10 Id like some noodlesUnit 10语法指导与练习语法指导可数名词与不可数名词【教材原句】1. What kind of noodles would you like? Id like beef noodles,please.2. Can we have two bowl of beef soup then?3.Is there any meat in the tomato and egg soup?以上例句中的 都是不可数名词。名词按其所表示的事物的性质分为 名词和 名词 。（beef，soup，meat；可数；不可数）【语法透析】一、可数名词与不可数名词的区别普通名词所表示的人或事物是可以按个数计算的，这类名词叫可数名词。可数名词分为个体名词（表示某类人或事物中的个体，如worker，farmer，desk，factory等）和集体名词（表示作为一个整体来看的一群人或一些事物，如people，family等）。如果普通名词所表示的事物是不能按个数来计算的，这类名词就叫不可数名词。不可数名词分为物质名词（表示无法分为个体的物质，如meat，rice，water，milk，orange等）和抽象名词（表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念，如work，homework，time，health，friendship等）。二、可数名词的复数可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。名词由单数形式变成复数形式的规则如下：1.一般的名词词尾直接加-s。如：books，rooms，houses，days。2.以s,x,sh,ch结尾的名词，在词尾加-es.如：buses，glasses，watches，dishes,boxes。3.以辅音字母y结尾的名词，变y为i加-es变复数。如babybabies，factory-factories，body-bodies，city-cities。以元音字母 y结尾的名词，直接加-s变复数。如monkeymonkeys， holidayholidays，storeystoreys（楼层）。4.以o 结尾的名词变复数时：a）加s的名词有：photophotos,pianopianos， radioradios,zoozoos;b）加es的名词有：potatopotatoes, tomatotomatoes;5.以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时：a）加s的名词有： beliefbeliefs, roofroofs ,safesafes, gulfgulfs b）去掉f, fe加-ves的名词有：halfhalves, knifeknives,leafleaves wolfwolves ,wifewives ,lifelives,thiefthieves.不规则变化：child-children，man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,foot-feet,tooth-teechsheep,Chinese,Japanese单、复数同形people单数形式表示复数意义，要求谓语动词用复数；people的复数形式peoples通常指“多个民族”。三、可数名词和不可数名词应注意的事项1.不可数名词不能与不定冠词连用；可数名词单数表示泛指时要与不定冠词连用。表示特指时，两者都与定冠词the连用。 We want to buy a new house.我们想买一栋新房子。 The milk in the glass is very hot.杯子中的牛奶很烫。 Please take the notebook with you.请带着笔记本。2.不可数名词无复数形式，可数名词则有单复数形式的变化。 We need a lot of beef today.今天我们需要很多牛肉。 Some students are swimming now.一些学生在游泳。3.不可数名词不能用数目来计算，要对不可数名词进行量化时，我们常用a piece(cup,bowl,bottle,bag,glass)of或pieces(cups,bowls ,bottles,bags,glasses)of这类定语来表示不可数名词数量上的变化；可数名词一般可用数目来计算。 There is a piece of meat on the plate.盘子里有一块肉。 Give me a cup of tea,please.请给我一杯茶。 Two girls are playing chess under the tree.两个女孩在树下下棋。4.可数名词可以被many，few，a few,a great/large numer of修饰;不可数名词可以被much，little，a little修饰。 I have quite a few friends.我有许多朋友。 He gave me a little money.他给了我一些钱。5.a lot of,lots of,plenty of,some等这些词既能修饰可数名词，又能修饰不可数名词，而且一般只用于肯定句。 A lot of people go shopping on Sundays.许多人在周日购物。 I have a lot of homework to do today.我今天有许多作业要做。【试题链接】What can I do for you?Err,I want a glass of milk,some bread and . A.some chickens B.any chickens C.some chicken （答案：C）【试题链接】There are some on the floor. A.milk B.child C.boxes （答案：C）语法指导would like的用法【教材原句】1.What would you like?你需要什么？2.Would you like a large bowl?你想要一份大碗的吗？3.Id like some noodles,please.我想要些面条。4.Would you like to eat ice-cream or pancakes?你愿意吃冰激凌或烙饼吗？以上四句，是 的句式变化：第一句是 句，第二、四句是 句，第三句是 句；其中，第二、三句是后接 词的用法，第四句是后接动词 的用法。（would like；特殊疑问；一般疑问；陈述；名；不定式）【语法全解】一、would like的基本用法would like用来表达意愿，意为“想要，愿意”，和want意思接近，但比want语气委婉、客气。具体用法如下：1.后接名词或代词，表示具体“要”某样东西。例如：I would like some bananas.我要一些香蕉。He would like a large bowl of noodles.他想要一大碗面条。2.would like to do sth.表示“想要做某事”，常用于有礼貌地提出邀请、请求或建议。例如：Wed like to go to the park on Saturday.我们想周六去公园。Shed like to eat an apple.她想吃一个苹果。3.would like sb.to do sth.想要某人做某事。例如：Id like you to meet my classmates.我想要你见见我的同学。My mother would like me to do my homework.我妈妈想让我做我的家庭作业。二、would like的固定句型1.Would you like some？你想要一些吗？该句型常用于征求对方的意见。肯定回答常用“Yes,please.”,而否定回答常用”No,thanks.”。需要特别注意的是，在该句型中要用some，而不用any，以表示说话人希望得到肯定回答。例如：Would you like some bread?你想要一些面包吗？Yes,please.是的，我想要。/No,thanks.不，谢谢。2.Would you like to do？你愿意去做吗？该句型表示向对方有礼貌地提出建议或发出邀请，其中like可用love替换；其肯定回答为“Yes,Id like/love to.”;否定回答常为“Sorry.”或“Id love to”等。例如：Would you like/love to come to my birthday party?你想参加我的生日聚会吗？Yes,Id like/love to.是的，我愿意。Id like/love to.But I m too busy.我非常愿意，但我太忙了。【试题链接】Tim and I will visit the exhibitoin（展览）this weekend.Would you like to join us? . A.Well done B.Thats right C.Youre welcome D.Id love to （答案：D）【试题链接】Would you like some milk? . A.Yes,please B.The same to you C.Help yourself D.My pleasure （答案：A）语法指导序数词的构成及用法序数词是表示顺序为“第几”的词，其构成规则如下：1.第一first，第二second，第三third属于单独成词。2.忘4以后的基数词遍序数词请牢记以下口诀： 1st,2nd,3rd（first，second，third） 往4以后加-th,（fourth） 遇5和12遍ve为f加-th,（five-fifth，twelve-twelfth） 遇8直接加-h,（eighth） 遇9去e加-th，(ninth) 整十的基数词(除10以外)变y为ie加-th。（twenty-twentieth） 3.多位数只将个位数变为序数词，其他数位不变。（twenty-onetwenty-first）4.序数词的前面要加定冠词the，但序数词前有物主代词、指示代词等修饰时，则不必再加the。语法指导名词所有格的构成名词所有格是指在某一名词后的右上角写上“”加上-s等，表示“的”这一结构形式。如：Toms汤姆的，My fathers 我父亲的。其构成分两种情况：1.一般单数名词，或不以“s”或“es”结尾的复数名词，构成所有格时，在单词后面直接加-s构成。例如：JimJims,Mr.WuMr.Wus,childrenchildren,mammens。2.如果是以“s”或“es”结尾的复数名词构成所有格时，在后面写上“”即可。teachersteachers,studentsstudents以上两条，可以简单总结为：不管名词是单数还是复数，如果词尾不以-s结尾，名词所有格加s；如果词尾以-s结尾，名词所有格加“”EXERCISES:一、选择填空。（ ）1.Would you like milk?A.some B.any C.many D.a（ ）2.Would you like noodles for breakfast? Sure,I like noodles very much for breakfast.A.have;having B.having;having C.to have ;having D.have;have（ ）3.Would you like some more rice? I eat too much.A.Nlo,thanks B.Yes,thank you C.Id love to D.Yes,please（ ）4.Would you like to go to the cinema with me? .A.Yes,I must B.Yes,I can C.Yes,I may D.Yes,Id like to （ ）5.She would like her mother to the park with her on Sunday.A.to go B.go C.going D.goes二、写出下列基数词的序数词形式。1.one 2.two 3.three 4.five 5.eight 6.nine 7.twelve 8.thirteen 9.twenty 10.twenty-one三、把下列短语译成汉语。1.我爸爸的生日 2.罗伯特的年龄3.她父母亲的卧室 4.三年的时间5.蒂娜的爷爷的爷爷 6.苏珊和莉莉的书包四、根据句意，用所给词的适当形式填空。1.When is (David)birthday? Its May (twenty-five)2.My father has (twelfth)T-shirt.3.The (seven)month is July.4.Do you know her (parents) names?5.We have only (first) earth（地球）.6.Mr.Wu is the (boy)teacher.The boys like him. (boys)7.Jenny is the (four)girl to come.8.How old are you?Im thirteen (year)old.9.Hello!Im the (children)teacher,Miss Gao.10.I have (ten)books.The (ten)one is in English.