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踝肱指数诊断慢性肢体威胁性缺血患者全球肢体解剖分期系统3期的可行性研究.pdf

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1、血管与腔内血管外科杂志2024 年 1 月 第 10 卷 第 1 期Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Vol.10,No.1,Jan 2024踝肱指数诊断慢性肢体威胁性缺血患者全球肢体解剖分期系统3期的可行性研究尹翠林1,丁宁宁1,韩亚庆1,崔玉玲1,孟燕2,唐小妮2,杨林3,杨健1,周丽11 西安交通大学第一附属医院医学影像科,陕西 西安 7100612 西安交通大学第一附属医院周围血管科,陕西 西安 7100613 西安交通大学第一附属医院血管外科,陕西 西安 710061摘要:目的 探讨踝肱指数(ABI)诊断慢性肢体威胁性缺血(CL

2、TI)患者全球肢体解剖分期系统(GLASS)3期的可行性。方法 收集2020年1月至2022年10月于西安交通大学第一附属医院就诊的73例CLTI患者的临床资料,按照GLASS分期的不同将其分为GLASS 12期组(n=24)和GLASS 3期组(n=49)。比较两组患者的ABI,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线进行诊断价值分析,计算ROC曲线下面积(AUC)、阈值、灵敏度、特异度。结果 GLASS 12期组患者平均ABI为0.890(0.710,1.000),高于GLASS 3期组患者的0(0,0.595),差异有统计学意义(Z=-5.676,P0.05)。ROC曲线显示,ABI诊断CLTI

3、患者GLASS 3期的AUC为0.903,阈值为0.490,灵敏度为95%,特异度为70%。结论 CLTI患者GLASS 12期与GLASS 3期的ABI差异显著,以0.490为ABI阈值可于术前预筛出GLASS 3期患者,从而更好地预判手术策略。关键词:慢性肢体威胁性缺血;踝肱指数;全球肢体解剖分期系统中图分类号:R543 文献标识码:A doi:10.19418/ki.issn2096-0646.2024.01.17Feasibility study of ankle-brachial index for diagnosing of Global Limb Anatomical Stagi

4、ng System(GLASS)stage 3 in patients with chronic limb threatening ischemiaYin Cuilin1,Ding Ningning1,Han Yaqing1,Cui Yuling1,Meng Yan2,Tang Xiaoni2,Yang Lin3,Yang Jian1,Zhou Li 11 Department of Radiology,the First Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University,Shaanxi 710061,Xian,China2 Department

5、of Peripheral Vascular,the First Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University,Shaanxi 710061,Xian,China3 Department of Vascular Surgery,the First Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University,Shaanxi 710061,Xian,ChinaAbstract:Objective To investigate the feasibility of ankle-brachial index(ABI)

6、in the diagnosis of Global Limb Anatomical Staging System(GLASS)stage 3 in patients with chronic limb threatening ischemia(CLTI).Method Clinical data of 73 CLTI patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University from January 2020 to October 2022 were collected and divided

7、 into GLASS stage 1-2 group(n=24)and GLASS stage 3 group(n=49)according to different GLASS stage.ABI of the two groups was compared,receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC)was used for diagnostic value analysis,the area under curve(AUC),threshold,sensitivity and specificity were calculated.Resul

8、t The average ABI in the GLASS stage 1-2 group was 0.890(0.710,1.000),higher than that in the GLASS stage 3 group 0(0,0.595),the difference was statistically significant(Z=-5.676,P0.05).The ROC curve 基金项目基金项目中华国际医学交流基金(Z-2014-07-1912-04)作者简介作者简介尹翠林,住院医师,主要从事医学影像诊断方面的研究,西安交通大学第一附属医院通信作者通信作者周丽(Zhou Li

9、,corresponding author),住院医师,E-mail: 临床研究 81Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Vol.10,No.1,Jan 2024慢性肢体威胁性缺血(chronic limb threatening ischaemia,CLTI)是一种严重的下肢动脉性疾病,常表现为下肢静息痛、组织溃疡或坏疽,与肢体和心血管不良事件密切相关,具有较高的致残率及病死率1-2。目前,全球血管指南引入了全球肢体解剖分期系统(Global Limb Anatomic Staging System,GLASS)作为CLTI严重程度的评分

10、系统,该系统根据下肢动脉粥样硬化病变解剖部位、病变范围和分布预测动脉通路血运重建的成功机会和术后通畅率及心血管不良事件,研究表明,GLASS 3期的肢体解剖及病变严重程度较复杂,手术并发症发生率较高,技术成功率低于GLASS 12期,GLASS 3期患者旁路手术的预后优于血管腔内治疗3-5。踝肱指数(ankle brachial index,ABI)是一种无创且广泛应用于下肢动脉硬化闭塞性疾病(peripheral artery disease,PAD)初筛、病变严重程度评估的首选简易方法6-7。既往研究表明,ABI诊断PAD患者下肢动脉狭窄程度50%和75%均具有较高的准确性8-9。目前关于

11、ABI在CLTI GLASS 3期患者中的诊断研究较少,GLASS 12期与GLASS 3期CLTI患者ABI差异的研究较少,因此,本研究旨在探讨CLTI患者GLASS 12期与GLASS 3期间ABI差异及其诊断最佳阈值,以期为临床治疗提供参考,现报道如下。1 资料与方法1.1 一般资料收集2020年1月至2022年10月于西安交通大学第一附属医院就诊的CLTI患者的临床资料。纳入标准:术前行ABI检查;接受外周血管造影术(digital subtraction angiography,DSA);存在外周动脉疾病并伴有静息痛、坏疽或持续时间超过2周的下肢溃疡。排除标准:合并主髂动脉疾病;既往

12、有腹股沟下支架植入或下肢搭桥手术病史;影像学显示GLASS 0期。根据纳入与排除标准,最终共纳入73患者73条肢体(若累及双侧下肢则选择ABI较低一侧),按照GLASS分期10的不同将其分为GLASS 12期组(n=24)和GLASS 3期组(n=49)。两组患者年龄、性别、糖尿病情况、高血压情况、吸烟情况、饮酒情况比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)(表1),具有可比性。本研究经过西安交通大学第一附属医院医学伦理委员会审批通过(XJTU1AF2019LSY-16)。表1 两组患者的临床特征临床特征GLASS 12期组(n=24)GLASS 3期组(n=49)年龄(岁,xs)69.137.8

13、071.149.30性别n(%)女性8(33.33)15(30.61)男性16(66.67)34(69.39)高血压n(%)15(62.50)33(67.35)糖尿病n(%)14(58.33)26(53.06)吸烟n(%)17(70.83)26(53.06)饮酒n(%)7(29.17)19(38.78)1.2 方法由两位影像科医师分别进行评估,为减少信息偏差,影像科医师在DSA分析中遵循相同的规则,并接受统一的测量培训及指导,如果一致性良好,则选取第一位测量者测量结果用于统计,如有歧义,则由两位影像科医师商量决定。由周围血管科检查室专业工作人员采用周围血管检查仪测量ABI,测量前患者休息10

14、min,禁烟1 h以上,然后患者脱掉鞋袜仰卧位休息几分钟,操作室内保持安静明亮,室温维持在25 左右,避免室温过高或过低,开始测量时分别将袖带置于双侧上臂,使用多普勒探头于上臂肱动脉处获取信号,测得双侧肱动脉收缩压。再将相同的袖带置于双侧踝部,使用多普勒探头于胫后动脉、足背动脉处分别获取信号,测得踝部收缩压。踝部收缩压与同侧肱动脉收缩压比值即为该侧肢体ABI,选取双下肢中ABI较低者为观察统计指标。1.3 统计学方法应用SPSS 25.0软件对数据进行统计分析,符合正态分布且方差齐性的计量资料以(xs)表示,组间比较采用两独立样本t检验;非正态分布的计量资料以M(P25,P75)表示,组间比较

15、采用秩和检验;计数资料以n(%)表示,组间比较采用2检验;采用受试者工作特征(receiver operator characteristic,ROC)曲线进行诊断价值分析,计算ROC曲线下面积(area under curve,AUC)。P0.05为差异有统计学意义。showed that the AUC for diagnosing GLASS stage 3 in CLTI patients with ABI was 0.903,the threshold was 0.490,the sensitivity was 95%,and the specificity was 70%.Conc

16、lusion There is significant difference in ABI between GLASS 1-2 and GLASS 3 in CLTI patients.The threshold of 0.490 for ABI can be used to pre screen GLASS stage 3 patients before surgery,thereby better predicting surgical strategy.Key words:chronic limb threatening ischaemia;ankle brachial index;Gl

17、obal Limb Anatomic Staging System82血管与腔内血管外科杂志2024 年 1 月 第 10 卷 第 1 期2 结果GLASS 12期组患者平均ABI为0.890(0.710,1.000),高于GLASS 3期组患者的0(0,0.595),差异有统计学意义(Z=-5.676,P0.05)。ROC曲 线 显 示,ABI诊 断CLTI患者GLASS 3期的AUC为0.903,截断值为0.490,灵敏度为95%,特异度为70%。(图1)图1 ABI诊断CLTI患者GLASS 3期的ROC曲线图灵敏度1-特异度0.00.20.40.60.81.01.00.80.60.40

18、.20.03 讨论本 研 究 结 果 显 示,CLTI患 者GLASS 3期 的ABI低于GLASS 12期,ABI以0.490作为阈值可用于术前筛选GLASS 3期患者。多项研究表明,ABI是临床评估PAD的有效工具,但其只确定了ABI评估PAD的诊断价值,并未将CLTI患者不同GLASS分期的ABI进行比较6-9。研究显示,随着PAD患者狭窄程度的增加,ABI呈下降趋势11。研究显示,ABI0.90时,诊断PAD(经血管造影确诊)灵敏度为95%,特异度为90%12。目前,临床ABI正常参考值为0.91.3,0.70.9为轻度缺血,0.40.7为中度缺血,0.4为重度缺血2。本研究结果显示,

19、GLASS 12期组患者ABI为0.890(0.710,1.000),GLASS 3期组患者ABI为0(0,0.595),如果单独以ABI0.4的阈值诊断为重症缺血可能会遗漏GLASS 12期患者。一项单中心研究共纳入89例CLTI,结果显示,29%的CTLI患者血管造影示下肢动脉疾病,但ABI接近正常或正常13,这与本研究结果相似,分析原因可能为CLTI患者常合并糖尿病、高血压,膝下病变表现为弥漫钙化。研究表明,钙化是ABI评估肢体缺血严重程度的影响因素,钙化越严重,其越易造成管壁弹性降低,袖带压力超过动脉压时动脉仍不能关闭,所测得的踝部压力升高,ABI则会出现假性升高的现象,表现为患者肢体

20、症状严重程度与ABI降低不一致的现象14。下肢动脉闭塞节段越多,闭塞累及长度越长,解剖程度更复杂的GLASS 3期患者具有更低的ABI,预示着更差的血流动力。ABI是反映下肢血压与血管弹性状态的量化指标,体现下肢血流动力学的变化。GLASS的评估内容包括恢复到踝关节和足部的顺行血流作为CLTI血运重建的解剖学目标、首选靶动脉途径的定义以及肢体通畅性的评估。GLASS 13期与下肢血管复杂性疾病模式相关,可反映解剖的复杂程度15-16。本研究有一定的局限性:样本量较小,由于GLASS 1期与2期在血管重建后的主要不良临床结局发生率相似,因此把GLASS 1期与GLASS 2期并成了GLASS 1

21、2期,没有分别评估GLASS 1期和GLASS 2期的ABI差异,未来需要进行多中心、大样本的研究来验证结果。综上所述,CLTI患者GLASS 12期与GLASS 3期的ABI差异显著,以0.490为ABI阈值可于术前预筛出GLASS 3期患者,从而对术前手术策略进行更好的预判。参考文献 1 Criqui MH,Aboyans V.Epidemiology of peripheral artery diseaseJ.Circ Res,2015,116(9):1509-1526.2 Gerhard H,Gornik HL,Barrett C,et al.2016 AHA/ACC guidelin

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