1、基于“三道两路”理论探讨类风湿关节炎的病机及壮医药防治策略219基于“三道两路”理论探讨类风湿关节炎的病机及壮医药防治策略黄丽玲,余玲玲,陈炜莹,周崇基,李凤珍*(广西国际壮医医院,广西 南宁 530201)基金项目:广西重大疑难疾病中西医临床协作试点项目、广西壮瑶药重点实验室(桂科基字201432号)、壮瑶药协同创新中心(桂教科研201320号)、广西壮族自治区民族药资源与应用工程研究中心(桂发改高技函20202605号)、广西中医药重点学科壮药学(GZXK-Z-20-64)、广西一流学科中药学(民族药学)(桂教科研201812号)第一作者:黄丽玲,硕士研究生在读,广西中医药大学,中壮医治疗
2、风湿病研究*通讯作者:李凤珍,学士,广西国际壮医医院,中壮医治疗风湿病研究【摘 要】“三道两路”理论为壮医理论体系的核心理论,“三道两路”是人体气血、津液生化、运行及排泄糟粕的通道,“三道两路”通畅,则人体保持健康状态;“三道两路”不通则人体百病由生。类风湿关节炎亦是由于三道两路不通所导致的“通路病”,本文从“三道两路”理论的生理病理观,探讨类风湿关节炎发病机制,以及目前壮医药治疗类风湿关节炎等方面进行综述,以期为类风关节炎的防治提供新思路。【关键词】类风湿关节炎;壮医;三道两路Discussion on Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Pre
3、vention Strategy of Zhuang Medicine Based on“Three Ways and Two Ways”TheoryHuang Liling,Yu Lingling,Chen Weiying,Zhou Chongji,Li Fengzhen*(Guangxi International Zhuang Medicine Hospital,Nanning 530201)【Abstract】“Three Roads and Two Roads”theory is the core theory of the theoretical system of Zhuang
4、medicine.Three Roads and Two Roadsis the channel for human qi and blood,body fluid biochemistry,operation and excretion of dregs.Three roads two roadsdoes not work is the human body disease.Rheumatoid arthritis is also apathway diseasecaused by the obstruction of three pathways and two pathways.This
5、 article discusses the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis from the physiological and pathological view of three pathways and two pathways theory,and reviews the current treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with Zhuang medicine,in order to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of rheumato
6、id arthritis.【Keywords】rheumatoid arthritis;zhuang medicine;three Roads Two Roads类风湿关节炎(RA)是一种以侵蚀关节及周围组织的慢性、炎症性自身免疫性疾病。壮医认为类风湿关节炎多由于感受邪毒、正气虚弱致使龙路、火路阻滞,痹阻筋骨肌肉、关节,引起筋骨肌肉关节疼痛或感觉异常而发病。类风湿关节炎属于壮医三道两路病的范畴,本文从“三道两路”理论探讨发病机制为壮医防治类风湿关节炎提供新的思路。1 壮医“三道两路”理论阐述壮医“三道两路”理论是壮医学理论体系中的核心理论,也是壮医认识疾病的生理病理观。三道,即谷道、气道,水道
7、。“气道”主呼吸,是人体之气与大自然之气相互交换的场所,枢纽主要在肺;“谷道”主消化吸收,是人体消化、吸收食物并排出糟粕的通道,调节枢纽主要在脾胃;“水道”主泌尿,是人体水液输布与排出的通道,调节枢纽主要在肾;“龙路”为人体血应用开发Identification&SourceGendingSwhyenz 220腑受损。痹病日久不愈,除表现邪气痹阻诸证外,还表现气血亏虚之象。故RA易合并贫血。2.5“火路”不通火路主要通过感知和传导内外界的各种信息和刺激,在“巧坞”(头脑)的指导下做出相应的反应。火路受阻,人体对接收外界信息的反应异常,故使RA易合并周围神经病变。此外RA病人存在整体自主神经功能
8、的下降,自主神经功能紊乱可能是RA病人心血管危险因素之一8。壮医把心脏称为“咪心头”主血,把脑称为“巧坞”主神,而心脑为“龙路”、“火路”之调节枢纽,枢纽失其责,致龙路火路气血运行不畅,谷、气、水“三道”失养而不通,三道两路不通,天、地、人“三气”不能同步,而表现为三道两路病。3 基于壮医“三道两路”理论探讨类风湿关节炎的防治原则壮医认为“通”代表着“三道两路”核心思想,由于道路阻滞甚至阻断所致疾病统称为“通路病”,病机的本质在于“网络阻滞致痹”9。气道、谷道、水道运行通畅,疏通龙路火路,是壮医治疗疾病的指导思想10。基于“三道两路”,防治类风湿关节炎在于“三道”调与“两路”通。4 应用壮医疗
9、法通调“三道两路”以防治RA4.1 壮医外治治疗类风湿关节炎壮医治疗RA外治方面主要分为两类,一为非药物外治法,如壮医针挑、壮医刺血疗法、壮医经筋疗法、壮医热敏探穴针刺疗法等;二为药物外治法,主要有壮医药线点灸、壮医药物竹罐疗法、壮医药棒疗法、壮医熨浴疗法等11。4.2 壮医内服治疗类风湿关节炎壮医内治方面,庞宇舟教授治疗类风湿关节炎的壮医经验方壮药龙钻通痹方,通过疏通龙路、火路,祛邪外出,使天地人三气同步,共奏祛风散瘀、解毒通络、补虚止痛之功12。广西名中医李凤珍主任治疗阳证类风湿关节炎的壮药经验方清毒伸筋汤,全方以清热毒、祛风毒、除湿毒为主,通调龙路、火路,使关节肿痛得以消除13。RA是一
10、种免疫性慢性疾病,故临床上采用多种联合疗法更为常见,如庞宇舟的壮医立体综合疗法治疗类风湿关节炎,就包括有内服壮药龙钻通痹颗粒、外用壮医热敏探穴针刺疗法以及服用壮医发旺食疗方三液、体液和精津的通路,具有输布精血津液、濡养脏腑及筋骨肌肤之功能;“火路”为传感之路,相当于现代医学的神经系统,具有干线及网络,沟通脏腑官窍形骸之功能。“三道两路”不仅是人体气血津液生成、输布、运转和代谢的场所,更是人体天、地、人三部结合为有机整体的重要枢纽。“三道两路”阻塞或调节失度,则直接影响“三气”同步,机体从而百病由生。2 从“三道两路”的理论探讨RA病机2.1“谷道”生化乏源壮医把人体摄入水谷,化生水谷精微的通道
11、称为“谷道”。谷道总体特点为“实而不满,以通为用”,若脾胃升降失调,则谷道不通,生化乏源,则易出现乏力、纳少、体重减轻等症状,RA患者亦然。与此同时,RA患者的肌肉含量较健康人减少,内脏脂肪含量较高1-3,且RA的肌肉萎缩是由疾病本身引起的,与活动减少无关4。RA虽主要累及关节,亦可影响筋脉肌肉,当属痹痿并存之状。脾胃亦为人体水液运行之枢,与人体津液输布密切相关,谷道不通,脾胃失司,津液输布不畅,故使RA患肢肿胀。2.2“气道”宣降失和壮医把气的吸入、化生、输布、排出的通道称为“气道”,传输的枢纽主要在肺,与肾、肝、脾、心关系密切。RA除周围对称关节炎为特征的临床表现外,其并发关节外表现(EA
12、MS)也尤为明显,约40RA病人在临床中检查出明显的EAMS5。其中肺是EAMS中主要累及的部位6。当中又以间质性肺病(ILD)突出,是一种严重的弥漫性肺实质疾病,伴有气体交换受损及肺泡间隔纤维化损伤7。2.3“水道”封藏失权壮医把水液运行、输布和排泄的通道称为“水道”,调节枢纽在肾。类风湿关节炎发于筋骨,病机以正虚为本,以外感邪实为标。素问脉要精微论载:“骨者,髓之府,不能久立,行则振掉,骨将惫矣。”肾精充足,髓充骨壮,肢体关节活动得利;反之则外邪侵袭机体。2.4“龙路”瘀阻龙路作为血液运行的通道,为人体输送营养。龙路的调节枢纽主要在心,与肺、肝、脾、肾密切相关,心主血脉,肺助心行血,肝主藏
13、血,脾主血,肾主藏精,精血同源,血液的运行依靠多个脏腑协同作用。痹病感受毒邪日久,阻滞龙路,造成龙路瘀阻,正气渐虚,脏基于“三道两路”理论探讨类风湿关节炎的病机及壮医药防治策略221方面14,15。5 结语综上所述,类风湿关节炎病机的本质在于“网络阻滞致痹”。除此之外,类风湿关节炎常见并发症与壮医道路理论密切相关。类风湿关节炎治疗核心寓于“通”,其治疗原则为疏通龙路火路,通调谷、气、水“三道”,在壮医“三道两路”理论的指导下,应用壮医针挑、壮医刺血疗法、壮医经筋疗法、壮医药敏探穴针刺法、壮医药物竹罐疗法等治疗类风湿关节炎,内治法方面应用疏通“三道两路”药物,如清毒伸筋方、壮药龙钻通痹颗粒等,但
14、临床上多采用多种联合疗法治疗以取得更显著疗效。疏通“三道两路”,使脏腑气机运行得畅,从而恢复天地人三部之气同步以此达到治疗类风湿关节炎的目的。参考文献1管石侠,张宝,侯丽丽,等.类风湿关节炎患者机体脂肪和肌肉成分分析J.安徽医科大学学报,2019,54(12):1 979-1 981,1 985.2TOURNADRE,A.;PEREIRA,B.;DUTHEIL,F.;GIRAUD,C.;COURTEIX,D.;SAPIN,V.;FRAYSSAC,T.;MATHIEU,S.;MALOCHET-GUINAMAND,S.;SOUBRIER,M.Changes in body composition
15、and metabolic profileduringinterleukin 6 inhibition in rheumatoid arthritisJ.Cachexia.Sarcopenia Muscle,2017,8,639-646.3LIN,J.Z.;LIANG,J.J.;DAMA,J.;LI,Q.H.;MO,Y.Q.;CHENG,W.M.;HE,X.L.;LI,N.;CAO,M.H.;XU,D.;et al.Myopenia is associated with joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis:A cross-sectional studyJ.
16、Cachexia.Sarcopenia Muscle,2019,10,355-367.4DE OLIVEIRA NUNES TEIXEIRA V,FILIPPIN LI,VIACAVA PR,DE OLIVEIRA PG,XAVIER RM.Muscle wasting in collagen-induced arthritis and disuse atrophyJ.Exp Biol Med(Maywood),2013 Dec;238(12):1 421-1 430.5SOLOMON J J,BROWN K K.Rheumatoid arthritis-associ-ated interst
17、itial lung diseaseJ.Open Access Rheumatology,2012,18(4):21-31.6JUGE P A,LEE J S,LAU J,et al.Methotrexate and rheuma-toid arthritis associated interstitial lung diseaseJ.The Euro-pean Respiratory Journal,2021,57(2):2 000 337.7TERASAKI Y,TERASAKI M,KANAZAWA S,et al.Effect of H2 treatment in a mouse mo
18、del of rheumatoid arthritis-as sociated interstitial lung disease J.Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine,2019,23(10):7 043-7 053.8王溢文,张苏明,吴超,等.类风湿关节炎病人自主神经功能的临床观察.中国疼痛医学杂志Chinese Journal of Pain Medicine,2021,27(5):348-353.9庞宇舟,田照,张青槐,等.从壮医“网络阻滞”致痹谈类风湿关节炎的病机与防治J.中医药导报,2020,26(11):70-73.10唐汉庆,黄
19、岑汉,赵玉峰,等.壮医“三道两路”理论的辨析及应用.中华中医药杂志,2015,30(12):4 236-4 239.11张译敏,庞宇舟.壮医外治疗法治疗类风湿关节炎的研究进展J.中国民族医药杂志,2020,26(5):64-66.12黄兰,覃绿星,方刚,等.庞宇舟运用解毒补虚法治疗毒虚互结型类风湿关节炎J.山东中医杂志,2020,39(5):489-492.13李妮,龙朝阳,梁艳,等.壮医清毒伸筋汤治疗类风湿关节炎的临床观察J.中国民族医药杂志,2020,26(12):1-3.14尚昱志.壮医立体综合疗法治疗类风湿关节炎的临床观察D.南宁:广西中医药大学,2020.15陈悦,张青槐,尚昱志,等
20、.壮医治疗类风湿关节炎多维研究及壮医立体综合疗法优势分析 J.中国民族民间医药,2020,29(9):55-61.壮文摘要Identification&SourceGendingSwhyenz 316Dayoz Senhhuz Yaugih,Gvangjsih Nanzningz 530299)【Cwzyau】Muzdiz:Damqra gij ywbingh yaugoj ywyauzcuz sanhswzguh hozci yw caeuz nong.Fuengfap:Dawz 40 bouxbingh riengzseiz faenguh 2 cuj,moix cuj 20 boux.S
21、awqniemhcuj hoz ywyauzcuz sanhswzguh hozci youq giz aencaeuz 4 aen singhgiz,doiqciuqcuj dandan hoz raemxgyu swnghlij youq giz aencaeuz 4 aen singhgiz.Caengz ywbingh seiz youz bouxsawqniemh geiqsuenq bouxbingh naengsiengsoq,youq hoz yw gvaq daih it aen singhgiz、daihngeih aen singhgiz、daihseiq aen sin
22、ghgiz youz bouxsawqniemh geiqloeg bouxbingh song aen cuj naengsieng soqliengh,cazyawj gij linzcangz ywbingh yaugoj de.Gezgoj:Sawqniemhcuj caeuq doiciuqcuj naengsieng cizfwnh doxbeij,cengca miz dungjgiyoz yiyi(P0.05);gij linzcangz ywbingh yaugoj sawqniemhcuj ndei gvaq linzcangz ywbingh yaugoj doiqciu
23、qcuj.Gietlwnh:Ywyauzcuz sanhswzguh caeuq veizswnghsu C、veizswnghsu E cauhbaenz hozci yw caeuz nong ywbingh yaugoj yienhda,cungj hozci neix ndaej mizyauq gyangqdaemq aencaeuz sieng naengnoh gij menciz de,gaijndei linzcangz binghyiengh,cigndaej linzcangz doigvangq wngqyungh.【Aenswz Gvanhgen】Ywyauzcuz
24、sanhswzguh;caeuzGaengawq“Sam Roen Song Loh”Lijlun Damqra Gij Binggih Leifunghsiz Gvanhcezyenz Caeuq Aen Cwzloz Yungh Cangyihyoz Fuengzyw(基于“三道两路”理论探讨类风湿关节炎的病机及壮医药防治策略)Vangz Lilingz,Yiz Lingzlingz,Cinz Veijyingz,Couh Cungzgih,Lij Fungcinh(Gvangjsih Gozci Cangyih Yihyen,Gvangjsih Nanzningz 530201)【Cwz
25、yau】“Sam roen song loh”lijlun dwg cangyih lijlun dijhi gij haedsim lijlun de,“sam roen song loh”dwg gij lwedheiq raemx ndangvunz sengvaq、byaijdoengh caeuq baizok nyapnyaj diuz doengloh de,“sam roen song loh”doengrat,ndangdaej cix baujciz ndangcangq yienghceij;“sam roen song loh”mbouj doeng ndangvunz
26、 cix fat gak cungj bingh.Leifunghsiz gvanhcezyenz hix dwg aenvih sam roen song loh mbouj doeng cauhbaenz“binghdoengloh”,bien faenzcieng neix daj“sam roen song loh”lijlun gij swnghlij binglijgvanh de,damqra gij baenzbingh gihci leifunghsiz gvanhcezyenz,caiqlienz dangqnaj cangyihyoz yw leifunghsiz gva
27、nhcezyenz daengj fuengmienh daeuj gyoebgangj,muengh ndaej vih fuengzyw leifunghsiz gvanhcezyenz daezhawj swhlu moq.【Aenswz Gvanhgen】Leifunghsiz gvanhcezyenz;ywcuengh;sam roen song lohDaj Gij Cingzgvang Vunz Binghfungheiq Daeuj Yihyen Ywbingh Haenx Genjdanh Faensik Cungh-Cang Yihyoz Sonhag Doiqcwz(从医
28、院风湿病就诊情况浅析中壮医学教学对策)Liuz Vanh,Bangz Yozfungh(Gvangjsih Cunghyihyoz Dayoz Fusuz Yuigangh Yihyen,Gvangjsih Nanzningz 530000)【Cwzyau】Vih caenh itbouh coicaenh yihyoz hagseng doiq cungh-cangyih yw bingh fungheiq nyinhrox,gungganq cungh-cangyih vunzcaiz,coicaenh cungh-cangyih fazcanj,daezsang cungh-cangyi
29、h youq linzcangz seiz wngqyungh,bien faenzcieng neix gaengawq Gvangjsih Gozci Cangyih Yihyen funghsiz menjyizgoh bouxbinghfungheiq daeuj ywbingh cingzgvang caeuq hagseng yawjhag cingzgvang daezok guh gocwngz gaijgwz、demlai lijlun gocwngz hagsib seizgan、gyagiengz linzcangz saedguh、demgiengz lauxsae l
30、igliengh、cienjbienq sonhag fuengsik daengj doiqcwz cosih.Gyagiengz cangyihyoz vunzcaiz gungganq,coicaenh cangyihyozyoz fazcanj.【Aenswz Gvanhgen】Cungh-cangyih;binghfung-heiq;sonhag“Gwz Vuz Ci Cih”Faz Wngqyungh Youq Sonhag Cunghyoz Gendingqyoz(“格物致知”法在中药鉴定学教学中的应用)Dwngz Genbwz,Liz Lij,Du Beilinz(Gvangj
31、sih Cunghyihyoz Dayoz,Gvangjsih Nanzningz 530200)【Cwzyau】Muzdiz:Aeu sonhag cunghyoz gendingyoz guh laeh,lwnhgangj“gwz vuz ci cih”(eiqsei dwg“damqra saehfaed yienzleix,daj ndaw de ndaejdaengz cihsiz”)cungj fuengfap damqra yozvwn neix youq yienhdaih sonhag ndaw gij neihanz de,daezok doigvangq dawz cun
32、gj fuengfap“gwz vuz ci cih”wngqyungh youq gocwngz sonhag aen genyi neix.Fuengfap:Aeu bonj yozyau sonhag bwnjgoh cunghyoz gendingyoz gocwngz guh laeh,faensik gij wndiz saedsaeh miz de,gaengawq“gwz vuz ci cih”cungj fuengfap damqra yozvwn neix gij neihanz、lizsij cozyung、yienhdaih yiyi de,daezok caiqlij
33、 saedguh le youq sonhag cunghyoz gendingyoz gocwngz ndaw de yinxhaeuj cungj sonhag fuengfap“gwz vuz ci cih”,cungjgez gij yaudenj habyungh de.Gezgoj:Cungj fuengfap neix ndaej coicaenh hagseng cujdung hagsib、gamj bae damqgouz cihsiz cungj fungheiq hagsib neix,ndaej dawz cunghyoz gendingyoz doxgven yozgoh cihsiz cingjhab guh aen dungjyizdij baenz hidungj、vangjlozva,lij youq itdingh cingzdoh gwnz