毕业论文《网络英语新词的构词特点及其发展趋势》.pdf

摘 要本文首先概述了新词的发展并给出了其定义，然后探索了网络英语新词出现 的背景及原因，接着文章又从语义特征和构词两方面概括网络英语新词的特点。本文的第五部分结合实例列举了网络英语新词的七种常见构词形式，即合成法、派生法、截短法、首字母拼音法、拼缀法、旧词新义、创新法。第六部分提出了 一种特殊的新词表情符号，并从定义、分类、构词形式三方面对其进行讨论。最后，本文还预测了网络英语新词的三种发展趋势。关键词：网络英语新词；特点；构词；发展趋势ABSTRACTThis paper first describes the development of neologism and gives a definition to it.Then,it explores the background and the reasons of the appearance of Internet English neologisms.Next,it genelizes the characteristics of the Internet English neologisms from two perspectives of meaning and formation.In the fifth part of this paper,it illustrates seven common ways of formation of these neologisms combined with examples,i.e.,compounding,affixation,clipping,acronymy,blending,by adding new meanings to existing words,coinage.The sixth part introduces a new special form of neologism:emoticon,which are discussed from three aspects,i.e.,definition,classification and formation.Finally,it anticipates three development tendency of the Internet English neologisms.Keywords：Internet English neologisms;characteristic;formation;development tendencyContents1.Introduction.12.The development of neologism and its definition.23.The reasons for the appearance of the Internet English neologism.44.The characteristics of Internet English neologisms.54.1 Semantic features.54.1.1 Terse and Clear.54.1.2 Vivid and proper.64.1.3 Popular.64.2 Formation features.74.2.1 Easy to remember and type.74.2.2 Utilizing the symbols on the keyboard.75.Ways of the formation of Internet English neologisms.85.1 Compounding.85.2 Affixation.85.2.1 Prefixation.95.2.2 Suffixation.95.3 Clipping.95.4 Acronymy.105.4.1 Initialism.105.4.2 Acronymy.115.5 Blending.115.6 Adding new meanings to existing words.125.7 Coinage.126.Emoticona special Internet English neologism.146.1 The definition of emoticon.146.2 Classification of Emoticon.146.3 The formation of emoticon.167.The development tendency of the Internet English Neologisms.177.1 Internet English neologisms coming into daily usage.177.2 Irregular usage in the passage written by Internet English neologisms.177.3 A large number of neologisms springing up at a rapid speed.188.Conclusion.20Acknowledgement.错误！未定义书签。References.211.IntroductionAll living language in the world,including the English language is constantly changing.The change that is constantly going on in a living language can be seen in the vocabulary,that is,in neologisms1129.After World War II,neologisms emerged in an endless stream.Each day in the English language new words are born at a speed of many thousands.In the recent 20 years,because of the rapid development of computer technology,together with the popularization of the network,Internet has already become the media that has been most widely used.Because of the comprehensive and numerous information resources,Internet has attracted the attention of the world,and as a result leads to the emergence of network neologisms,especially plenty of Internet English neologisms.Neologisms appear in such a large number and at so fast a speed that there is no such a dictionary that is possible to include all of these new entries in time.It is necessary for us to analyze the formation and their characteristics of these countless Internet English neologisms,which can not only help to acquire knowledge and broaden our horizon,but also contribute to the study and teaching of the English language”.With the development of Internet technology,Internet English has already merged into peoples daily life.On the basis of the linguistic theory of lexicology,this paper deals with the characteristics of Internet English neologisms by analyzing their formation and it also anticipates the development tendency of them.2.The development of neologism and its definitionThe term neologism originates from Greek:neos means new,and logos means word,and is in itself something of a neologism.f3112 Now,neologism is commonly called new word.Allan Metcall,a professor of English published his book Predicting New Words:the Secrets of their Success in 2002 in the United States,wrote that 4tnew words have been appearing in our language regularly for over a thousand years,but most of them vanish in short order.Especially doomed to obscurity are deliberate coinages,the words people invent to address a perceived need or to make a witty addition to our lexicon.Similarly,each day in the English language at least as many thousands of new words are bom.Yet after a years time,only a few hundreds of these will remain as serious candidates for the dictionary and a place in our permanent vocabulary.There are three types of words in terms of their appearance and disappearance:old words,new words,and existing words.In the course of time old words die out,new words are added and existing words change their meanings.So the vocabulary of language is in a state of almost continuous change.The rate of vocabulary changes varies according to the different periods.In the fourteenth century large numbers of French words were introduced into the English language.In the sixteenth century large numbers of new words were borrowed from Latin.In the nineteenth century the vocabulary of science and technology had greatly expanded.Today the vocabulary in the English language is still expanded at a rapid speed.In general,there are two main sources of new words in the English vocabulary.Modem science and technology,which is the most important source of new words,brings about the addition of countless new words.Political,economical and social changes are other important sources of new words.Their influence on the English vocabulary is as great as that of science and technology.So,what is neologism?What kind of word can be defined as“neologism”?Actually,the researchers on these questions are being heatedly pursued,yet no general argument has been reached.Researchers with different knowledge backgrounds may define neologism in different ways.The Oxford Dictionary of New Words gives the definition of neologism,which is“a new word is any word,phrase,or sense that come into popular use or enjoyed a vogue in the given period.The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language(4th College Edition)gives its definition like this:1.A new word,expression,or usage.2.The creation or use of new words or senses.3.Psychology a.The invention of new words regarded as a symptom of certain psychotic disorders,such as schizophrenia,b.A word so invented.4.Theology A new doctrine or a new interpretation of scripture.161 In Oxford Advanced Learners English-Chinese Dictionary,“Neologism“is defined as“newly-invented word”，and in Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English,4:-Represents devilStands for a rose4).Appearance.In order to be close to a real face to face conversation,peoples physical characteristics,dress,and hairstyles are cleverly replaced by a mixed set ofletters,punctuation marks,numbers and other special symbols.&:-)Shows curly hairB-)Indicates wearing glasses Indicates wearing lipstick(:-)Represents a big face(-:Indicates left handed6.3 The formation of emoticonEmoticons are mainly constructed by punctuation marks,letters,figures and special symbols.Even though there are various ways to combine,punctuation marks play the basic role in each emotion.1).Sequence of punctuation marks;-)wink:-)smile wearing lipstick2).Punctuation marks and special symbols:-?Smoking a pipe/tongue sticking out:what are you talking about?:*kiss3).Punctuation marks and numbers8(:-)Mickey Mouse:-7 wry face：8)pig4).Three or more than three keyboard symbols3:*Rudolph the red nose reindeerC=:-)A cheflAo yawning or snoring7.The development tendency of the Internet English NeologismsThe language is changing all the time and the Internet language is no exception.Despite its continuous changing,we can find its development tendency from what has been discussed before.7.1 Internet English neologisms coming into daily usageWhen you search for Internet terms dictionary5 on Google,more than 33,600,000 results will be found,each one can offer thousands of entries.Besides,the neologisms are not only disseminated and used within the Internet communication,but also spread into realistic daily life,which can be illustrated by the following examples.The language of network appears in the instant messages of cell phone.The short messages first appeared in the middle period of the 1990s.With the development of mobile communication technology,up to the last decade,it has become an indispensable way in the daily communication.There are similarities in network communication and instant messages.Internet English also appears in the advertisers!original ideas.On the bill-board of the brand Fanta under the coca-cola flag,we can see“tell your M8s,Fanta tastes GR8.”In this sentence,M8s refers to mates”and UGR8 refers to great”.The early smiling symbol:-)and recently,the.At first they merely appeared in the environment where we chatted online by keyboard,to make up the deficiency that no sound can be heard and no actual image can be seen in the early period,and moreover,to make the dialogues vivid.Unconsciously,the dialogues on the computer screen have become the languages that are universally used.Lets take the symbol smile for example,in the past,it only appeared in the network language.Now,more and more people use this kind of symbol when writing letters and informal notes.7.2 Irregular usage in the passage written by Internet English neologismsThere are problems in the punctuation marks and switches of capital and small letters in Internet English.In the network communication,netizens pursue the speed of information exchanges.As long as they can express meanings clearly,netizens tend to neglect some rules of grammar sometimes,in order to accelerate the speed of communication.We can find there is the usage of partial tone and initialism in chatting online.For example:4u r welcome,whose original sentence is 4you are welcome5.With its forceful power of propaganda and diffusion,a variety of words prevalent in the masses are transmitted through the Internet to millions of people.People consciously accept them and(incorporate linguistic features from models offered by the Internet into their own discourse”色In future,because of the increasing number of netizens and the rapid development of Internet,the irregular usage of grammar will become more and more common in order to purse the efficiency.7.3 A large number of neologisms springing up at a rapid speed“The Internet,especially the language used by todays young adults are influenced.Teens allowed themselves to follow along the trend because of their quest of self-affirmation and discovery.Some prefer it because of its advantages of simplicity and fun whereas some are interested in imitating others who have used it already.This is why 4so many people have learned so quickly to adapt their language to meet the demands of the new situations and to exploit the potential of the new medium so creatively to form new areas of expression.网The above paragraph shows that the reasons why so many people use Internet,meanwhile,it reveals that the large number of user of the Internet who are the creators of the Internet English neologisms.It is not necessary to demonstrate that our life keeps changing and introducing new things and new ideas.In such a world developed at a high speed,there are new things appearing every day.In the case of new inventions,scientific discoveries,philosophical theories,etc.,when people exchange these new things and ideas by means of email,chat,forum,or Blog,they need new words or phrases to express them.Moreover,when a new word is created,it is sometimes followed by a series of other neologisms,which can be called derivation.For example,the new Internet English neologisms like blogger,tech blog,fotolog,blogroll,blogerati ect.,are all from the word blog.There are so many words on Internet,such as net,cyber,surfer which all have many derivatives.Thus,because of the large quantities of new things,inventions,ideas,events happening everyday and numerous netizens surfing online to exchange ideas,the new Internet English neologisms are unavoidably emerging in large numbers at a high speed.8.ConclusionAs any other living languages,English is changing more or less day by day and Internet English is also in a constant evolution process.As a new phenomenon,many new words and expressions have appeared on the Internet.In the light of related theories in lexicology,this paper explores the formation of the Internet English neologisms and summarizes their characteristics.Finally,it gives a generalization of their development tendency.Because of the popularity of the Internet and the rapid development of Internet English neologisms,we can see the significances of studying Internet English neologisms.First,the study of Internet English neologisms helps enriching and improving the study of modem lexicology.Internet neologisms are those which arise after Internets development,and they are new members of modern lexicons.There Internet English neologisms provide rich materials for modem lexical study.It has become an important task for us to identify the features of these new materials,to enrich lexical theories and to improve lexical study.Second,Internet English neologisms are also the subject of applied linguistics and social linguistics study.They are created with the upcoming of Internet,and with the development of Internet technology and culture,they are influencing many social fields.The appearance of Internet English neologisms raises new requirement for language teaching and learning.How to standardize them and guide them to develop in a healthy and orderly way has become an important task for social linguistics and linguistic application.Third,researches on Internet English neologisms can promote Internet communication.They are deviation of common lexicons.Apart from the difficulty of mastering computer technology,a frequently-met problem faced by newbie is Internet English neologisms!strangeness to them.Lack of understanding of them can prevent netizens from making further use of Internet and waste time and effort in Internet communication and even stop their Internet 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