1、Hainan Med J,Apr.2023,Vol.34,No.8海南医学2023年4月第34卷第8期经关节镜下胫骨双隧道双ETHIBOND线联合Versalok锚钉内固定治疗后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折疗效观察叶武智,张树峰,高长城榆林市中医医院骨伤三科,陕西榆林719000【摘要】目的观察经关节镜下胫骨双隧道双ETHIBOND线联合Versalok 锚钉内固定治疗后交叉 韧带(PCL)胫骨止点撕脱骨折的疗效。方法回顾性分析2019年8月至2021年8月榆林市中医医院骨伤三科收治的80例后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折患者的临床诊治资料,根据不同的手术方案分为双ETHIBOND线组(41例,采用经关
2、节镜下胫骨双隧道双 ETHIBOND 线固定治疗)和联合 Versalok 锚钉组(39 例,在对照组的基础上联合Versalok锚钉内固定)。比较两组患者的手术时间、住院时间、术后骨折复位情况、骨折愈合时间及膝关节活动功能变化,并记录两组患者术后并发症发生情况。结果联合Versalok锚钉组患者的骨折愈合时间为(72.399.68)d,短于双ETHIBOND线组的(84.1210.36)d,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。联合Versalok锚钉组术后1个月、3个月及6个月的Lysholm评分分别为(69.973.84)分、(88.455.23)分和(94.341.46)分,均高于双ETHI
3、BOND线组的(68.223.69)分、(82.244.12)分和(90.212.37)分,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);联合Versalok锚钉组术后1个月、3个月及6个月的IKDC评分分别为(55.213.95)分、(86.623.12)分和(95.121.83)分,均高于双ETHIBOND线组的(53.264.12)分、(82.962.69)分和(90.112.64)分,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论经关节镜下胫骨双隧道双ETHIBOND线联合Versalok锚钉内固定可有效缩短PCL胫骨止点撕脱骨折患者的骨折愈合速率,改善膝关节功能,提高临床疗效,且安全性较好。【关键词】后交叉
4、韧带;胫骨止点撕脱骨折;关节镜;双隧道;ETHIBOND线;Versalok锚钉【中图分类号】R683.42【文献标识码】A【文章编号】10036350(2023)08110105Curative effect of knee arthroscopy with double ETHIBOND sutures combined with Versalok anchor internalfixation on tibial avulsion fractures of posterior cruciate ligament.YE Wu-zhi,ZHANG Shu-feng,GAO Chang-che
5、ng.The Third Department of Orthopedics,Yulin Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Yulin 719000,Shaanxi,CHINA【Abstract】ObjectiveTo observe the curative effect of knee arthroscopy with double ETHIBOND suturescombined with Versalok anchor internal fixation on tibial avulsion fractures of posterior
6、cruciate ligament(PCL).MethodsThe clinical data of 80 patients with tibial insertion avulsion fracture of PCL admitted to the Third Depart-ment of Orthopedics,Yulin Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from August 2019 to August 2021 were retrospec-tively analyzed.According to different surgical
7、 methods,they were divided into double ETHIBOND suture group(41cases,knee arthroscopy with double ETHIBOND sutures)and combined Versalok anchor group(39 cases,Versalok an-chor internal fixation on basis of control group).The operation time,length of hospital stay,postoperative fracture reduc-tion,fr
8、acture healing time and changes in range of motion were compared between the two groups,and the occurrence ofpostoperative complications in both groups was recorded.ResultsThe fracture healing time in the combined Versalok an-chor group was(72.399.68)d,which was significnatly shorter than(84.1210.36
9、)d in the double ETHIBOND suturegroup(P0.05).At 1,3,and6 months after surgery,Lysholm scores in the combined Versalok anchor group were(69.973.84)points,(88.455.23)points,and(94.341.46)points,which were significantly higher than(68.223.69)points,(82.244.12)points,and(90.212.37)points in the double E
10、THIBOND suture group(P0.05).At 1,3 and 6 months after surgery,IKDCscores in the combined Versalok anchor group were(55.213.95)points,(86.623.12)points,and(95.121.83)points,which were significnatly higher than(53.264.12)points,(82.962.69)points,(90.112.64)points in the double ET-HIBOND suture group(P
11、0.05).ConclusionKnee arthroscopy with double ETHIBOND su-tures combined with Versalok anchor internal fixation can effectively shorten fracture healing time,improve knee func-tion and clinical curative effect in patients with tibial avulsion fractures of PCL,with good safety.【Key words】Posterior cru
12、ciate ligament;Tibial avulsion fracture;Arthroscope;Double tunnel;ETHIBOND su-ture;Versalok anchor 论著 doi:10.3969/j.issn.1003-6350.2023.08.007基金项目:陕西省社会发展科技攻关项目(编号:201701328)。第一作者:叶武智(1983),男,研究方向:足踝部畸形、创伤的治疗、踝关节镜的应用以及足踝部各种创伤和常见畸形及运动损伤的治疗的临床研究工作。通讯作者:高长城(1979),男,副主任医师,研究方向:四肢创伤和手足外科的治疗以及足踝部各种创伤和常见畸形
13、及运动损伤的治疗的临床研究工作,E-mail:。1101海南医学2023年4月第34卷第8期Hainan Med J,Apr.2023,Vol.34,No.8后交叉韧带(posterior cruciate ligament,PCL)是维持膝关节稳定的主要结构之一,与前交叉韧带共同维持保护胫骨功能位的稳定,PCL损伤多因胫骨前侧遭受后应力所导致1-2。PCL胫骨止点撕脱骨折是PCL损伤中的一种较为特殊的类型,多见于运动与车祸损伤中,患者有较为明显的关节肿胀和功能受限的表现3。既往常以保守治疗或切开复位固定,均可有效缓解患者的关节症状,但前者因长期关节固定易导致患者关节僵硬,后续康复困难,而后者
14、手术创伤较大,若护理不周切口感染的风险较大,不利于患者后续恢复。随着关节镜技术的不断发展,关节镜的应用在临床已广泛,具有创伤小,后续恢复好等优势,在关节损伤治疗中常用4-5。治疗PCL胫骨止点撕脱骨折关节镜内固定物多样,ETHIBOND线固定是临床常用的固定物,具有固定强度大且经济负担小等优点,可有效避免二次手术6,Versalok锚钉也是常用的固定物,具有较大的牵拉力,在韧带手术中也较为常用,但在PCL中应用少见。既往有研究显示,缝线联合锚钉可有效提高固定作用7。为此,本研究对经关节镜下胫骨双隧道双ETHIBOND线联合Versalok锚钉内固定治疗PCL胫骨止点撕脱骨折的疗效进行探讨,为临
15、床提高数据支持。1资料与方法1.1一般资料回顾性分析2019年8月至2021年8月榆林市中医医院骨伤三科收治的80例后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折患者和临床诊治资料。纳入标准:(1)均经影像学确诊为PCL胫骨止点撕脱性骨折8,且骨折块移位在5 mm以上,骨块横径在10 mm以上;(2)经查体均有膝关节活动受限表现,且后抽屉试验呈阳性;(3)术后随访时间6个月且临床资料完整。排除标准:(1)合并前交叉或副韧带损伤或存在韧带断裂者;(2)存在胫骨复合型骨折者;(3)存在严重膝关节炎性疾病者;(4)存在多种严重基础疾病者。根据不同的手术方案分为双ETHIBOND线组41例和联合Versa-lok锚钉组3
16、9例。本研究经院方医学伦理委员会审核通过。两组患者的基线资料比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),具有可比性,见表1。表1两组患者的基线资料比较x-s,例(%)Table 1Comparison of baseline data between the two groups x-s,n(%)基线资料性别男女年龄(岁)受伤至手术时间(d)患侧左侧右侧平均骨块横径(mm)受伤原因运动车祸跌倒Meyers&Mc-Keever分型型型双ETHIBOND线组(n=41)28(68.91)13(31.71)32.452.049.124.2321(51.22)20(48.78)18.693.1220(48.
17、78)14(34.15)7(17.07)28(68.29)13(31.71)联合Versalok锚钉组(n=39)27(69.23)12(30.77)31.962.299.234.1719(48.72)20(51.28)18.713.2319(48.72)10(25.64)10(25.64)27(69.23)12(30.77)2/t值0.0080.0501.1720.008P值0.9280.8230.5560.9281.2手术方法1.2.1双ETHIBOND线组该组患者均采用硬膜外麻醉。具体方法:取仰卧位,将气压止血带安置在大腿中上1/3处,将膝关节屈膝90稍向外展,常规进行消毒,铺无菌单,暴
18、露手术部位,开通前内侧及前外侧的膝关节镜入路,置入关节镜。常规进行关节内探查及清理,调整关节镜角度充分暴露视野,合并半月板损伤者先进行半月板修补术,将关节镜自前侧入路进入PCL后侧室,在关节镜的监视下建立内侧辅助切口,利用刨削刀将后纵膈打开后,在关节镜的监视下建立外侧辅助切口,将撕脱骨块及骨床上的损伤组织及血凝块等物质进行清除后,利用探钩进行骨折初次复位。在距胫骨结节内侧2 cm处做一1.5 cm左右切口,置入PCL胫骨隧道定位器,从胫骨结节内外侧辅助切口向撕脱骨折骨床的下部分别打入一颗克氏针(2.5 mm),分别在骨块前内和前外分别做一骨隧道。由前内侧入路进镜头,前外侧入路进器械,在PCL中
19、段紧贴PCL外侧缘将PCL与板骨韧带分离。取双股5号ETHIBOND线经前侧入路从PCL股骨隧道定位器中穿入,采用8字环绕法交叉通过骨髓道,在韧带后侧。骨块上方进行半结系扎,将PCL和止点撕脱骨块进行绑扎。利用抓线器经胫骨骨道将线两头分别拉出,交由助手两边拉紧,做前抽屉试验,调整骨块及缝线位,复位满意后在胫骨前内侧打结,缝合周围软组织。再次检查膝关节活动情况,复位满意后结束手术。1.2.2联合Versalok锚钉组该组患者的手术方1102Hainan Med J,Apr.2023,Vol.34,No.8海南医学2023年4月第34卷第8期式 同 双 ETHIBOND 线 组,在 最 后 经 骨
20、 道 双 ET-HIBOND线牵出后,交由助手两边拉紧,做前抽屉试验,调整骨块及缝线位,复位满意后,在胫骨结节后侧利用开口锥(2.9 mm)开口,将Versalok锚钉置入固定缝线,固定后再次检查膝关节活动情况,复位满意后结束手术。两组患者均于术后常规采用抗感染、预防下肢血栓形成等治疗,于术后36周开始指导患者行膝关节活动训练。1.3 观察指标(1)围术期相关指标:比较两组患者的手术时间、住院时间、骨折愈合时间;(2)术后骨折复位情况:以术后2 d的影像学(X线、CT)表现为评价标准,观察是否存在骨折位移现象,骨折位是否复位满意;(3)膝关节活动功能:以术前、术后1个月、3个月及6个月的膝盖节
21、功能评估指标作为评价标准,包括膝关节活动度(range of motion,ROM)、Tegner运动水平评分9、Lysholm膝关节功能评分10及国际膝关节文献委员会膝关节评估表(International Knee Documenta-tion Committee Subjective Knee Form,IKDC 评分)10;(4)并发症:比较两组患者术后伤口感染、血肿、关节积液等并发症发生情况。1.4统计学方法应用SPPS22.0 统计学软件分析数据。计量资料均经检验满足正态分布且方差齐,以均数标准差(x-s)表示,两组多时间点比较采用重复测量方差分析,无多时间点比较采用两样本独立t检
22、验,计数资料比较采用2检验。以P0.05);联合Versalok锚钉组的骨折愈合时间短于双ETHIBOND线组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),见表2。2.2两组患者的术后骨折复位情况比较术后2 d经影像学复检,双ETHIBOND线组患者出现移1例位,联合Versalok锚钉组患者均复位满意。两组患者术后骨折复位情况比较差异无统计学意义(Fisher P=1.000)。2.3两组患者手术前后的膝关节活动功能比较术后,两组患者膝关节ROM,Tegner、Lysholm与IKDC评分均较术前增大,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),但术后联合 Versalok 锚钉组患者各时间点的 Lysholm 评
23、分与IKDC评分明显高于双ETHIBOND线组,差异均具有统计学意义(P均0.05),见表3。表2两组患者的手术时间、住院时间及骨折愈合时间比较(x-s)Table 2Comparison of operation time,hospitalization time,andfracture healing time between the two groups(x-s)组别双ETHIBOND线组联合Versalok锚钉组t值P值例数4139手术时间(min)69.6510.2168.1211.140.6410.523住院时间(d)9.121.648.561.141.7650.082骨折愈合时间
24、(d)84.1210.3672.399.685.2260.000表3两组患者手术前后的膝关节活动功能比较(x-s)Table 3Comparison of knee joint function before and after surgery between the two groups(x-s)膝关节活动功能ROM()术前术后1个月术后3个月术后6个月Tegner评分(分)术前术后1个月术后3个月术后6个月Lysholm评分(分)术前术后1个月术后3个月术后6个月IKDC评分(分)术前术后1个月术后3个月术后6个月双ETHIBOND线组(n=41)74.2119.5682.6510.31a
25、109.598.12a132.646.65a1.240.462.211.25a3.540.47a6.290.59a53.965.2668.223.69a82.244.12a90.212.37a38.564.3553.264.12a82.962.69a90.112.64a联合Versalok锚钉组(n=39)74.3620.0784.159.87a112.647.13a134.655.69a1.210.382.351.34a4.010.36a6.360.24a54.125.6569.973.84a88.455.23a94.341.46a38.623.9655.213.95a86.623.12a9
26、5.121.83aF值400.915714.3261 350.2544 389.214P时间值0.0010.0010.0010.001F值2.0093.85433.68142.421P组间值0.1570.0510.0010.001注:与同组内术前比较,aP0.05。Note:Compared with that in the same group before surgery,aP0.05),见表4。表4两组患者的术后并发症比较(例)Table 4Comparison of postoperative complications between the two groups(n)组别双ETHI
27、BOND线组联合Versalok锚钉组例数4139伤口感染10血肿11关节积液10神经血管损伤21术后总并发症发生率(%)12.205.263讨论PCL损伤多见于运动性损伤,PCL胫骨止点撕脱骨折是PCL损伤中的一种较为特殊的类型,在骨位移不明显的情况下漏诊率较高,处理不及时容易导致PCL 功能不全,易致膝关节有过早退变的表现11-12。随着影像学的发展和普及,PCL胫骨止点撕脱骨折的临床诊断率越来越高,也受到了临床的重视,认为在骨折移位在5 mm及以上时需早期进行手术复位,以恢复PCL 正常生理功能,保障膝关节的稳定性13-14。对于PCL胫骨止点撕脱骨折复位,常在关节镜下进行治疗,具有创伤
28、小、对合并症可同时处理的优点15。固定是骨折手术最为关键的步骤,对于关节骨折固定的方式多样,ETHIBOND缝合线因其张力强,不用二次手术,且经济负担低16,受临床医师的喜爱,在临床广泛应用。Versalok锚钉也是韧带术中常用的固定物,但临床报道较少。本研究对双股ETHIBOND线联合Versalok锚钉在PCL胫骨止点撕脱骨折中的应用效果进行分析,结果显示,两组患者手术时间及住院时间差异无统计学意义,且术后2 d的复位满意率比较差异亦无统计学意义,说明两种方式在骨折复位中可能具有同等的优势。研究显示,联合Versalok锚钉组患者的骨折愈合时间短于双ETHIBOND线组,分析其原因可能是利
29、用Versalok锚钉进行最后的固定,可有效避免缝线打结时发生松动而致后期恢复不佳。贾岩波等17研究中也采用锚钉联合缝线的方式进行韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折的内固定具有较好的疗效。本文与其部分相似,提示双股ETHIBOND线联合Versalok锚钉可有效促进患者术后恢复,缩短骨折愈合时间。研究显示,联合Versalok锚钉组术后Lysholm评分、IKDC评分改善情况均优于双ETHIBOND线组,说明联合Versalok锚钉组患者的术后膝关节功能恢复较优于双ETHIBOND线组。分析其原因可能是,在术中采用双股 ET-HIBOND线行双骨道交叉8字绕线,利用点面的结合方式,有效避免滑线的风险,有效预
30、防骨块后翘,联合Versalok锚钉更能增强固定强度18-19,促进患者术后骨折愈合,有利于患者早期行关节功能康复训练,从而更好地促进患者膝关节功能的恢复。王水等20研究中也提出缝线联合锚钉进行固定可有效促进患者膝关节的恢复。但既往文献多以单组病例观察为主,本研究采用对照研究,更加能证实缝线联合锚钉在PCL胫骨止点撕脱骨折中的疗效。研究显示,两组患者术后并发症发生率比较无异,提示两种方案均具有一定的安全性。综上所述,经关节镜下胫骨双隧道双ETHIBOND线联合Versalok锚钉内固定可有效缩短PCL胫骨止点撕脱骨折患者的骨折愈合速率,有利于患者早期行关节功能康复训练,改善膝关节功能,提高临床
31、疗效,且具有一定的安全性,较单独采用双ETHIBOND线获益更多,临床医师可根据患者的实际情况进行固定方式的选择,以最大程度维持患者膝关节的生理功能。本研究为回顾性分析,信息收集较为受限,结果呈现可能存在偏差,今后有待设计前瞻性研究进行进一步研究。参考文献1Pache S,Aman ZS,Kennedy M,et al.Posterior cruciate ligament:current concepts review J.Arch Bone Jt Surg,2018,6(1):8-18.2 Schreier FJ,Banovetz MT,Rodriguez AN,et al.Cutting
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