高考英语专题复习阅读理解专题猜测词义肖井洋省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

阅读了解阅读了解-词义推断题肖井洋第1页If you come across new words when reading,What will you do?第2页Ignore them and continue readingLook them up in the dictionaryGuess the meaning 第3页猜测词义猜测词义 读懂文章读懂文章第4页猜测词义：猜测词义：单词猜测能力是阅读了解能单词猜测能力是阅读了解能力主要组成部分，历年高考都把这一项作力主要组成部分，历年高考都把这一项作为考生应该掌握一项阅读技能列入试题，为考生应该掌握一项阅读技能列入试题，考查对文中关键词语（实词、短语、指代考查对文中关键词语（实词、短语、指代关系等）了解。而且，所考查词或短语意关系等）了解。而且，所考查词或短语意义往往不停留在字面上。但实际上，义往往不停留在字面上。但实际上，阅读阅读材料中每个词与它前后词语或句子甚至段材料中每个词与它前后词语或句子甚至段落有着相互制约关系。落有着相互制约关系。我们能够利用语境我们能够利用语境（各种已知信息）推测、判断一些生词词（各种已知信息）推测、判断一些生词词义义。第5页 词义猜测题惯用提问方式有词义猜测题惯用提问方式有：1.The word“”1.The word“”refers torefers to/probably /probably means/could best means/could best be replaced bybe replaced by _._.2.The word“”2.The word“”is most likely tois most likely to mean mean _._.3.What do you think the expression“”3.What do you think the expression“”stands forstands for?4.The 4.The underlinedunderlined word“”means _.word“”means _.5.The word“”is 5.The word“”is closest in meaningclosest in meaning to to 第6页语境法语境法Contextclues 构词法构词法Word formation猜测词意第7页中学英语中常见前缀和后缀有：中学英语中常见前缀和后缀有：super-()mini-()micro-（）re-（）mis-（）im-（）un-（）in-（）non-（）-able（）超超极微小极微小误，恶误，恶不，非不，非不，非不，非极小极小,微小微小再，重复再，重复不不不，非不，非能能Word Formation 构词法构词法：第8页superman microwave(超人超人)nonnatural mispronounce(非自然非自然)homeless nonsmoker(无家可归无家可归)rebuild eastwards(重建重建)Can you guess the right meanings?(微波微波)(非烟民非烟民)(发错音发错音)(向东向东)第9页1.定义描述定义描述3.因果关系因果关系2.同义反义同义反义4.举例归纳举例归纳5.生活常识生活常识6.上下文推测上下文推测语境猜测词义语境猜测词义第10页 His uncle is a zoologist,an expert who does research on animals.The herdsman,who looks after sheep,earns about 650 yuan a year.动物学家动物学家 牧羊人牧羊人1、定义描述、定义描述小结：通常由定语从句定语从句或同位语同位语引出词详细含义第11页2.同义词同义词 Mother was tall,fat and middle-aged.My aunt was an old woman,almost as plump as mother,and much shorter.In some countries where there is very little rain,the farmers have to irrigate,or water,their fields.All the other members are of the same opinion.They are unanimous.圆胖圆胖浇灌浇灌一致同意一致同意第12页反义词反义词 Though Toms face has been washed quite clean,his neck still remains grubby.Some human actions are learned,but quite a few other actions are innate.In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way.Now,however,everything seems to be in a state of turmoil.污秽污秽 天生天生混乱混乱第13页 由由and或或or，like,as as,the same as等连接两个词组成同义关等连接两个词组成同义关系；系；表转折关系词常有如表转折关系词常有如but,while,however,instead of,rather than,unlike,yet,otherwise,though，in contrast,on the contrary等。等。小小 结结第14页3、因果关系、因果关系One who is destitute has a great need for food and clothing.The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.Tom is considered an autocratic administrator because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others.贫穷贫穷混浊混浊独断专行独断专行第15页 惯用关联词惯用关联词(如如becausebecause，asas，sincesince，forfor，soso，thusthus，as a resultas a result，so,so so,so that,such thatthat,such that thereforetherefore等等)表示前因后果。表示前因后果。小小 结结第16页4、举例归纳法、举例归纳法Cars must have certain safety devices such as seat belt,headlights,and good brakes.On the farm they mainly raise poultry,such as chickens,ducks and geese,for their eggs and meat.家禽家禽装置装置第17页 惯用惯用such as,like，for example,for instance等引出例等引出例子，可依据例子隶属类别归纳出子，可依据例子隶属类别归纳出总称词即词义总称词即词义。小小 结结第18页When you throw a stone into still water of a lake,you will watch a ripple spread in rings on the surface of water.In the strong wind,the beggar shivered with the terrible cold.One of symptoms caused by the peculiar illness is a high fever.波纹波纹,涟漪涟漪 颤动颤动症状症状 5、生活经验、生活经验,生活常识生活常识,逻辑推理逻辑推理 第19页 小小 结结依据本身直接或间接经验，或利用自己已依据本身直接或间接经验，或利用自己已经有常识将生词推测出来。经有常识将生词推测出来。所以平时多了所以平时多了解英美国家风俗习惯，宗教信仰，社会生解英美国家风俗习惯，宗教信仰，社会生活等，能够帮助加深对文章了解，碰到生活等，能够帮助加深对文章了解，碰到生词，猜测词义能力自然就提升了。词，猜测词义能力自然就提升了。第20页6.6.依据生词所在上下文猜测词义依据生词所在上下文猜测词义例题：例题：Tom cant find his sneakers.C.shoesTom cant find his white sneakersTom cant play tennis now because he cant find his white sneakers.A.money B.bowls第21页(安徽卷)精品解析英语Lionsareopportunists.Theyprefertoeatwithouthavingtodotoomuchwork.Ifanotheranimalhasmadeakill,theywilldriveitoffandtakethekillforthemselves.Bydescribinglionsas“opportunist”intheparagraph,theauthormeanstosaythatlions_.A.arecruelanimalsB.arecleveranimalsC.liketotakeadvantageofotheranimalsD.liketotakeeverychancetoeatC第22页 小小 结结所谓所谓“词不离句，句不离章词不离句，句不离章“讲就是讲就是对于对于词语或句子正确了解依赖于一定情景词语或句子正确了解依赖于一定情景。所。所以在猜测生词词义或句意时，以在猜测生词词义或句意时，一定要认一定要认真读懂与生词亲密相关前后句子，真读懂与生词亲密相关前后句子，对词对词或句子进行合情合理推测，排除浅薄表义，或句子进行合情合理推测，排除浅薄表义，选择蕴含在其中深意。选择蕴含在其中深意。第23页 Inquiry-based Activities(I)探究活动探究活动 (1)(1)第24页 1.He is a resolute man.Once he made up his mind to do something,he wont give it up halfway.A.weak B.firm C.kind D.clever2.Mrs.Smith is loquacious while her husband is the silent type.A.活泼活泼 B.好动好动 C.多嘴多舌多嘴多舌 D.可爱可爱3.In many countries there are two financial extremes,from penury to great wealth.A.便士便士 B.温饱温饱 C.非常贫困非常贫困 D.虚弱虚弱 小试身手第25页4.Although the hazards of the trip were many-for example,the unbearable heat,the lack of water,the possibility of getting lost,the presence of wild animals and poisonous snakes-Collins nevertheless decided that she must go.A)pleasures B)conveniences C)dangers D)equipment 第26页5.Children are always boasting.They say things like “My Dads car is bigger than your Dads,”“My Mom is smarter than yours.”and“My family has more money than yours.”The word“boasting”means _.A.骄傲骄傲 B.吹牛吹牛 C.顽皮顽皮 D.幼稚幼稚第27页Passage2普通高等学校招生全国统一考试IhadalwaystraveledtoMalaysiabyplaneorcar,sothiswasthefirsttimeIwasonatrain.Ididnotparticularlyrelishthelongtrainjourneyandhadbroughtalongadozenmagazinestoreadandreread.Ilookedaboutthetrain.Therewasnotonefamiliarface.IsighedandsatdowntoreadmyEconomics.Whichofthefollowingwordscanbesttaketheplaceoftheword“relish”inthesecondparagraph?A.chooseB.enjoyC.prepareforD.carryonB第28页高考纲领中关于阅读了解要求 要求考生读懂熟悉相关日常生活话题简短文要求考生读懂熟悉相关日常生活话题简短文字材料，比如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂字材料，比如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于普通性话题简短文章。考生应能：志中关于普通性话题简短文章。考生应能：、了解主旨要义；、了解主旨要义；、了解文中详细信息；、了解文中详细信息；、依据上下文推断生词词义；、依据上下文推断生词词义；、作出简单判断和了解；、作出简单判断和了解；、了解文章基本结构；、了解文章基本结构；、了解作者意图和态度、了解作者意图和态度。第29页Homework1.Go over what we learned in this period.2.Finish the given exercises on guessing meanings.第30页 Reading makes a full man;第31页