形容词和副词经典讲解.ppt

形容词和副词语法专题仪征市二中2024/5/26 周日1.形容形容词和副和副词的考的考查要点要点语法填空法填空语法与写作法与写作2024/5/26 周日2.1形容形容词和副和副词的考的考查要点要点1.形容形容词和副和副词的作用与位置的作用与位置形形容容词是是用用来来修修饰名名词的的，常常被被放放在在名名词前前作作定定语，或或放放在在系系动词后后面面作作表表语。而而副副词则用用来来修修饰形形容容词、动词、其其他他副副词或或者者句句子子，一一般般位位于于形形容容词之之前前，动词之之后后或或句句子之首。以下属几种特殊情况，子之首。以下属几种特殊情况，须牢牢记：(1)形容形容词短短语作定作定语，定，定语后置。后置。a task difficult to finish2024/5/26 周日3.(2)表表语形形容容词(afraid，alike，alone，asleep，awake，alive等等)作作定定语，定定语后后置置。如如a man alive。有有些些表表身身体体健健康康状状况况的的形形容容词如如well，faint，ill只只作作表表语。sick既既可可作作表表语又可作定又可作定语，ill如作定如作定语意意为“bad”。(3)用用作作定定语，修修饰由由不不定定代代词one，no，any，some和和every构构成成的的复复合合词如如anything，something等等时，通通常常后置。后置。I have something important to tell you.2024/5/26 周日4.(4)else常用作疑常用作疑问代代词和不定代和不定代词的后置定的后置定语。(5)enough修修饰名名词前前置置或或后后置置，修修饰形形容容词、动词或或副副词时，必，必须后置。后置。(6)几几个个副副词并并列列作作状状语时，其其顺序序较灵灵活活，但但一一般般是是：方方式式地点地点时间。We had a good time together outdoors last Sunday.(7)频度度副副词如如often，always，usually等等在在be动词后后，行行为动词前。前。2024/5/26 周日5.(8)副副词作定作定语，定，定语后置。后置。The person there is waiting for you.(9)几几个个并并列列的的形形容容词作作定定语，其其语序序通通常常为：限限定定词(包包括括冠冠词、所所有有格格、人人称称代代词、指指示示代代词、数数词等等)观点点词(品品质、状状态，即即表表示示好好、坏坏、美美、丑丑等等的的词)形形状状或或样式式词大大小小、长短短或或高高低低词年年龄或或新新旧旧词颜色色词产地地或或来来源源词材料或种材料或种类词用途用途词名名词。a heavy black Chinese steel umbrella2024/5/26 周日6.(10)以以-ly结尾的尾的词性辨析。性辨析。下下列列单词以以-ly结尾尾，但但却却是是形形容容词而而非非副副词：lively，lonely，lovely，deadly，friendly，ugly，silly，likely，brotherly，timely等。等。表原意表原意(无无-ly)和引申意和引申意(有有-ly)的副的副词：deep深深 deeply深入地深入地 wide宽广广 widely广泛地广泛地2024/5/26 周日7.high高高 highly高度地高度地 low位置低位置低 lowly地位卑微地位卑微有无有无-ly意意义大不相同的副大不相同的副词：dead完全，完全，绝对be dead asleep deadly非常非常be deadly tired2024/5/26 周日8.pretty相当相当be pretty certain that.prettily漂亮地漂亮地be prettily dressed close近近Dont sit close.closely密切地密切地Watch closely！late晚，晚，迟arrive late，come late lately最近最近I havent seen him lately(recently).2024/5/26 周日9.选词填空填空sharp，occasionally，thankfully，optional，particular，besides，transparent，permanent，steady，quite1.It is one thing to enjoy listening to good music，but it is _ another to play it well yourself.2.The old engineers eyes still shone bright in the wrinkled brown face and his step as he came across the room was _，though slow.题组训练1quitesteady2024/5/26 周日10.3.An unhappy childhood may have some negative effects on a persons character；however，they are not always _.4.The state-run company is required to make its accounts as _ as possible for its staff to monitor the use of money.permanenttransparentparticular2024/5/26 周日11.6.She has already tried her best.Please dont be too _ about her job.particular7.In that school，English is compulsory for all students，but French and Russian are _.optional5.The house was too expensive and too big._，Id grown fond of our little rented house.Besides2024/5/26 周日12.8.，I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.9.I have been writing this report for the last two weeks，but it has to be handed in tomorrow.10.Nowadays，there is a increase in childrens creativity，for they are greatly encouraged to develop their talents.Thankfullyoccasionallysharp2024/5/26 周日13.2.形容形容词和副和副词的比的比较等等级(1)原原级的构成和用法。的构成和用法。构成：形容构成：形容词、副、副词的原的原级即本身。即本身。用用法法：表表示示双双方方在在程程度度、性性质、特特征征等等某某方方面面相相等等时，用用“as原原级形形容容词/副副词as”的的结构构；表表示示双双方方不不相相等等时，用用“not so(as)原原级形形容容词/副副词as”的的结构构；表表示示一一方方是是另另一一方方的的若若干干倍倍时，用用“倍倍数数as原原级形形容容词/副副词as”的的结构。构。2024/5/26 周日14.Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Yu.This building looks not so(as)high as that one.Miss Xu speaks English as fluently as you.This room is three times as large as that one.(2)比比较级和最高和最高级的构成。的构成。掌掌握握比比较级和和最最高高级的的变化化规则，熟熟记少少数数不不符符合合规则的的特殊形容特殊形容词和副和副词。2024/5/26 周日15.(3)比比较级的用法。的用法。表示一方超表示一方超过另一方另一方时，用，用“比比较级than”的的结构表示。构表示。This picture is more beautiful than that one.表示一方不及另一方表示一方不及另一方时，用，用“less原原级than”的的结构表示。构表示。This room is less beautiful than that one.表表示示一一方方超超过另另一一方方的的程程度度或或数数量量时，可可在在比比较级前前加加表表示示程程度度的的状状语，如如even，a lot，a bit，a little，still，much，far，yet，by far等修等修饰。He works even harder than before.2024/5/26 周日16.注注意意：(A)英英语的的比比较级前前如如无无even，still或或yet等等时，译成成汉语时可可用用“较”或或“一一些些”或或不不译出出，一一般般不不可可用用“更更”。She is better than she was yesterday.Please come earlier tomorrow.(B)by far通通常常用用于于强调最最高高级。用用于于比比较级时，一一般般放放在在比比较级的后面，如在前面，的后面，如在前面，应在二者中在二者中间加加“the”。He is taller by far than his brother.He is by far the taller of the two brothers.2024/5/26 周日17.表表示示一一方方随随另另一一方方的的程程度度而而变化化时，用用“the比比较级(主主语谓语)，the比比较级(主主语谓语)”的的结构构(意意为“越越越越”)。The harder he works，the happier he feels.不不与与其其他他事事物物相相比比，表表示示本本身身程程度度的的改改变时，用用“比比较级and比比较级”的的结构。构。The weather is getting colder and colder.2024/5/26 周日18.某某些些以以-ior结尾尾的的形形容容词进行行比比较时，用用to代代替替than。这些些词有有inferior(劣劣等等的的，次次的的)，superior(较好好的的，优于于)，junior(资历较浅浅的的)，senior(资格格较老老的的)，prior(在在之前之前)等。等。He is superior to Mr.Zhang in chemistry.2024/5/26 周日19.在在比比较从从句句中中为了了避避免免重重复复，我我们通通常常用用that(those)，one(ones)代代替替前前面面出出现的的名名词。that指指物物，one既既可可指指人人又又可可指指物物。that可可代代替替可可数数名名词单数数和和不不可可数数名名词，而而one只能代替可数名只能代替可数名词。The book on the table is more interesting than that(或或the one)on the desk.A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood.2024/5/26 周日20.倍数表达法。倍数表达法。(A)A is three(four，etc.)times the size(height，length，etc.)of B.The new building is four times the size(the height)of the old one.(B)A is three(four，etc.)times as big(high，long，etc.)as B.Asia is four times as large as Europe.(C)A is three(four，etc.)times bigger(higher，longer，etc.)than B.Your school is three times bigger than ours.用用times 表表倍倍数数通通常常用用于于三三倍倍以以上上，两两倍倍可可以以用用twice或或double。2024/5/26 周日21.(4)最高最高级的用法。的用法。三三者者或或三三者者以以上上相相比比，表表示示最最高高程程度度时，用用“the最最高高级”的的结构构表表示示。这种种句句式式一一般般常常有有表表示示比比较范范围的的介介词短短语。Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.He works(the)hardest in his class.最最高高级可可被被序序数数词以以及及much，by far，nearly，almost，by no means，not quite，not really，nothing like等等词语所修所修饰。This hat is by far/much/nearly/almost/not really/by no means/not quite/nothing like the biggest.2024/5/26 周日22.表表示示“最最高高程程度度”的的形形容容词，如如excellent，extreme，perfect等，没有最高等，没有最高级，也不能用比，也不能用比较级。形形容容词最最高高级修修饰作作表表语或或介介词宾语的的名名词、代代词时，被被修修饰的的词往往省略。往往省略。He is the tallest(boy)in his class.作状作状语的副的副词最高最高级前可以不加定冠前可以不加定冠词。Of all the boys he came(the)earliest.否定否定词比比较级最高最高级He has never spent a more worrying day.2024/5/26 周日23.(5)形容形容词和副和副词前面使用冠前面使用冠词的情况。的情况。形容形容词最高最高级前一般要加定冠前一般要加定冠词，副，副词最高最高级前可不加冠前可不加冠词。形形容容词最最高高级前前有有时加加不不定定冠冠词，或或不不加加冠冠词，不不表表比比较，表表示示“非常非常”。He is a most clever young policeman.(a mostvery)The film is most interesting.(mostvery)表示两者表示两者间“较的一个的一个”，比，比较级前加前加the。Who is the older of the two boys?在在“the比比较级.，the比比较级.”结构中。构中。The more，the better.2024/5/26 周日24.(6)由由as组成的形容成的形容词或副或副词短短语。as much as不可数名不可数名词 数量多达数量多达Each stone weighs as much as fifteen tons.She could earn as much as ten dollars a week.as many as可数名可数名词 数量多达数量多达I have as many as sixteen reference books.as early as早在早在As early as the twelfth century the English began to invade the island.2024/5/26 周日25.as far as远到；就到；就而知而知(论)We might go as far as(走到走到)the church and back.As far as I know(就我所知就我所知)，he has been there before.may(might，could)as well不妨，不如不妨，不如Then you might as well stay with us here.as.as one can尽某人所能的尽某人所能的They are as unreliable as they can be.He began to run，as fast as he could.as.as possible尽可能尽可能的的Just get them to finish up as quickly as possible.2024/5/26 周日26.1.(你你呆呆的的时间越越长)，the better it will be.2.The new city is _(变得越来越美得越来越美丽了了).3.China is (比比亚洲任何其他国家都大洲任何其他国家都大).题组训练2The longer you staybecoming more and more beautiful larger than any other country in Asia 2024/5/26 周日27.4.(这两两个个男男孩孩中中较高高的的那个那个)is my brother.5.The road is five times as long as that one.(同同义句改写句改写)The road is five times of that one.The road is four times than that one.The taller of the two boysthelengthlonger2024/5/26 周日28.3.几几组重要的重要的词语辨析辨析(1)very和和much的区的区别。可分等可分等级的形容的形容词和副和副词前使用前使用very不用不用much。表表示示状状态的的过去去分分词前前用用very。如如a very frightened boy，a very tired child，a very complicated problem。一一般般情情况况下下，以以-ing，-ed结尾尾的的分分词多多用用much，very much/greatly等修等修饰。We were greatly shocked by the news about Tom.I was much amused by Jacks attitude.2024/5/26 周日29.已已转化化为形形容容词的的现在在分分词前前用用very。如如：very interesting/worrying/exciting。too前前用用much，a lot或或far，不不用用very。如如：You are much/far/a lot too nice.另另外外，在在too many/much，too few/little前用前用far。Theres far too little opportunity for adventure these days.Weve got far too many eggs and far too few egg cups.2024/5/26 周日30.关关于于原原级形形容容词要要记住住下下列列固固定定的的修修饰结构构：(a)修修饰绝对意意义的的形形容容词，一一般般不不用用very，而而用用quite，completely，well，entirely。如如：quite wrong(mistaken，sure)，completely dead，quite impossible，quite perfect等等。(b)修修饰以以a-开开头的的形形容容词，多多有有特特殊殊的的修修饰词：quite alone，very much alone，wide awake，fast asleep，very much afraid。(c)修修饰一一些些特特殊殊形形容容词的的修修饰语有有：be well worth，much the same，freezing cold，quite different，terribly cold/frightening。2024/5/26 周日31.(2)so.that.与与such.that.的区的区别。so形容形容词/副副词that.so形容形容词a(n)可数名可数名词单数数that.somany/few复数名复数名词that.somuch/little(少少)不可数名不可数名词that.sucha(n)形容形容词可数名可数名词单数数that.such形容形容词不可数名不可数名词that.such形容形容词复数名复数名词that.2024/5/26 周日32.注注意意：下下列列结构构中中只只能能用用so不不可可用用such，当当名名词前前有有many，much，little，few等等表表示示“多多、少少”的的词修修饰时，如如so much progress，so many people，so little food，so few apples等等。但但当当little表表示示“小小”时用用such。如如：These are such little boys that they cant dress themselves.下下列列so的的用用法法是是错误的的：so a difficult problem，so difficult problems，so hot weather。2024/5/26 周日33.(3)其他几其他几组词的辨析。的辨析。ago，before：ago表表示示以以现在在为起起点点的的“以以前前”；before指指以以过去去或或将将来来的的某某时刻刻为起起点点的的“以以前前”。泛泛指指“以前以前”用用before而不用而不用ago。already，yet，still：already表表示示某某事事已已经发生生；yet表表示示期期待待某某事事发生生；still表表示示某某事事还在在进行行，主主要要用用于于肯肯定定句。句。too，also，either：too和和also用用于于肯肯定定句句，too多多用用于口于口语，also多用于多用于书面面语，either用于否定句。用于否定句。2024/5/26 周日34.good，well：与与good不不同同的的是是，well作作形形容容词，只只能能在在系系动词后后作作表表语，表表示示“身身体体状状况况好好”，也也作作副副词修修饰动词。quick，fast：作作形形容容词皆皆表表示示“快快”。fast多多指指运运动的的物物体体，含含持持续的的意意思思。quick多多指指一一次次动作作的的敏敏捷捷、突突然然，而且持而且持续的的时间较短。短。real，true：作作形形容容词皆皆表表示示“真真的的”。real强调真真实存存在在的的而而不不是是幻幻想想的的，在在句句中中常常作作定定语；true指指与与事事实标准准和和实际情况相符合，在句中作表情况相符合，在句中作表语或定或定语。2024/5/26 周日35.hard，difficult：均均表表示示“困困难”，但但hard通通常常指指体体力力上上困困难；difficult则指指智智力力或或技技能能上上的的困困难，困困难程度大于程度大于hard。它。它们都可作定都可作定语和表和表语。2024/5/26 周日36.2语法与写作法与写作根据提示翻根据提示翻译下面的句子下面的句子1.同同时，我我将将会会把把帮帮助助我我们的的环境境干干净、有有益益健健康康作作为我我的的职责。(meanwhile)(2013安安徽徽书面面表达表达)_Meanwhile，I will regard it as my duty to help keep our environment clean and healthy.2024/5/26 周日37.2.不不是是空空喊喊口口号号，给有有需需要要的的孩孩子子们捐捐献献书籍籍和和体体育育用用品品更更有有意意义。(使使用用比比较级)(2013江江苏书面面表达表达)_3.那那个个晚晚上上的的月月亮亮在在整整个个农历月月份份中中看看上上去去最最亮亮。(使使用用最最高高级)(2013辽宁宁书面表达面表达)_Instead of shouting empty slogans，it is more meaningful to donate books and sports goods to children in need.The moon that night looks the brightest in the whole lunarmonth.2024/5/26 周日38.4.首首先先，我我把把散散落落在在房房间里里的的书籍籍、报纸和和其其他他东西西整整理理好好，放放到到合合适适的的地地方方。(firstly)(2013陕西西书面面表达表达)_5.而且，根据学而且，根据学习进程程时间表表应该不不时地更新。地更新。(besides)(2013四川四川书面表达面表达)_Firstly I collected all the books，newspapers and other things scattered in the rooms and put them in place.Besides，the timetable should be updated according to the progress of our study from time to time.2024/5/26 周日39.