【中考祈使句专题】.doc

定义：用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句，祈使句最常用于表达命令，因此在学校文法中也常称为命令句。 祈使句因对象（即主语）是第二人称，所以通常都省略。祈使句的动词都为一般现在时，句末则使用句号来表示结束。祈使句主要有以下几种：I. 肯定结构：1. Do型（行为动词 原形 + 其他）Stand up!Close the door, please.祈使句中如有呼语， 一定要用逗号隔开， 放在句首或句尾。Sally, Put it on.= Put it on, Sally.有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下,动词可省略。如:This way, please. = Go this way, please. 请这边走。2. Be型（Be+形容词/副词/名词+其他）试译: 1)请安静!Be quiet,please./Please be quiet.2)对你的表弟要友好.Be friendly to your cousin.3)明天上午六点到这儿.Be here at six tomorrow morning.4)要做一个好孩子.Be a good boy.3. Let +us(me/him/her/it/them)+动词原形试译：1) 让我来帮帮你。Let me help you.2) 让她马上就试一试吧。Let her try it at once.【注意】有时，为了加强语气，可以在动词之前加do或加 be sure to， 可译作“务必”，“一定”试译: 1) 务必再来。Do come again.2) 一定要写信告诉我所有的消息。Be sure to write and give me all the news.II. 否定形式：1. Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加dont构成。如: 不要忘记我! Dont forget me!上学不要迟到!Dont be late for school! 2. Let型的否定式有两种: Let +us(me/him/her/it/them)+ not+ 动词原形Dont let +us(me/him/her/it/them)+动词原形e.g Lets not say anything about it.Dont let him go alone.III. 其他形式的祈使句：1.用no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句， 尤其用于告示。1). No+V.-ing禁止钓鱼 No fishing禁止吸烟No smoking2). No+名词禁止拍照No photos2.以may为句首的表示祝愿 的祈使句May you + 动词原形1) 祝你成功!May you succeed!2) 祝你一路平安!May you have a safe journey!IV. 使祈使句语气更加婉转的方法:请把你的字典借给我.Please lend me your dictionary. = Lend me your dictionary, please.V. 把祈使句变成反意疑问句.1) 请开门吧.Open the door, will you/wont you?2) 不要摸它, 行吗?Dont touch it, will you?3) 我们去打篮球,行吗?Lets go and play basketball, shall we?4) 我们晚饭后去散步,好吗?Let us have a walk after dinner, will you?VI. 祈使句有时相当于一个引导的条件状语从句1) 把药服了, 你就会感觉好一些。Take this medicine and you will feel better. =If you take the medicine, you will feel better.2) 努力学习, 否则你就会不及格。Work hard, or you will fail in the exam. =If you dont work hard, you will fail in the exam.练习I. 将下列汉语翻译成英语。1. 请照看好您的包。 _.2. 让我们去学校吧! _!3. 亲爱的,高兴点儿! _!4. 不要把书放这儿。 _.5. 不要让猫进来。 _.II. 单项选择1. _ stand too close to North Americans. Give them more personal space.A. Arent B. Didnt C. Wont D. Dont2. -Is there a No. 2 bus stop near here?-Yes, there is. _ at the second crossing, and you will find it.A. Turning leftB. Turn leftC. To turn leftD. Turns left3. _. The baby is sleeping. Im sorry.A. Not talk B. Not talking C. Dont talk D. Cant talk4. If the green light isnt on, _ a minute.A. wait B. waits C. will wait D. waiting5. _ late for school again, Tim! Sorry, I promise that I _.A. Dont; wontB. Dont be; wontC. Dont be; dontD. Dont; will6. Dont _ shy. Everyone may make mistakes at the beginning.A. am B. is C. be D. are7. Please . The boy is studying.A. not noisy B. dont noisy C. not to be noisy D. dont be noisy8. Im leaving now. _ you turn off the lights and the computer.A. To make sure B. Make sure C. Made sure D. Making sure9. Tony, _, or you will get heavier.A. doesnt play sports any moreB. doesnt eat so much meatC. dont play sports any moreD. dont eat so much meat10. Dont _ too much TV. Its bad for your eyes.A. watching B. to watch C. watch D. watches11. Would you please _ near the river? Oh, sorry, I wont.A. not playB.dont playC. not to play12. Please dont make a noise. _ . Ill be as quiet as a mouse.A. Yes, I doB. No, I dontC. Yes, I willD. No, I wont13. _, please.K-E-Y.A. Whats this B. Spell it C. Can you spell it D. What is it14. _ play in the street. Its very dangerous. A. Do B. Not C. Dont D. Doesnt15. climb the tree! Its too small. Come down quickly!A. Dont B. IsntC. Arent D. Do16. Dont forget to close the door after school. _.A.OK, I wontB.OK, I will. C.Yes, I do. D.No, I dont.18. -Sorry for being late again. -_here on time next time, or youll be punished. A. Be B. Being C. To be D. Been19. _ drive too fast .We have enough（足够的）time to get there.A. Not B. Dont C. doesnt 20. Boys and girls, _in bed. Its bad for your eyesA. not read B. doesnt read C. no read D. dont readKeys1. Please look after your bag2. Lets go to school 3. Be glad, dear4. Dont put the book here 5. Dont let the cat come in / Let the cat not come in单选1. D2. B3. C4. A5. B6. C7. D8. B9. D10. C11. A12. D13. B14. C15. A16. A17. C18. A19. B20. D