高英第十课修辞.doc

RHETORICMetaphor: It is like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated. 隐喻（metaphor）Noone,.thatmaycasewouldsnowballinto.谁也不曾料到，我本人更没有料到我的这件案子竟会越闹越大，以至成为美国历史上最著名的庭审案例之一- .ourtown.hadtakenonacircusatmosphere. 我们这个拥有一千五百人口的小镇上呈现出一派看马戏似的热闹气氛Thestreet.sproutedwith. 街道上突然冒出了许多摇摇晃晃的摊贩货架Hethunderedinhissonorousorgantones. 他用洪亮的嗓音大喊大叫道.championhadnotscorchedtheinfidels. 听众们似乎觉得他们的这位英雄没能充分发挥出应有的辩才将那些异端分子打个落花流水。afterthepreliminarysparringoverlegalities履行完规定的法律诉讼程序之后Simile:.sweptthepolitical arenaa likeapr iriefire如燎原的烈火般席卷政界时.apalmfanlikeasword.Metonymy: It is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the name of one thing for that of another. For instance, the pen (words) is mightier than the sword (forces). 转喻（metonymy）是指两种不同事物并不相似，但又密不可分，直接联系，因而常用其中一种事物名称代替另一种。.tomorrowthemagazines,thebooks,thenewspapers. 今天受攻击的是教师，”他接着说道，“明天就会轮到杂志、书籍和报纸(Today the teachers are put on trial because they teach scientific theory; soon the newspapers and magazines will not be allowed to express new ideas, to spread knowledge of science. )TheChristianbelievesthatmancamefromabove.below. 基督徒相信人来自天上God，进化论者则认为人一定是来自地下nature。Hyperbole:ThetrialthatrockedtheworldTransferredepithetDarrowhadwhisperthrowingareassuringarmroundmyshoulder. 达罗关切地搂住我的肩膀低声安慰道Antithesis对比TheChristianbelievesthatmancamefromabove.Theevolutionistbelievesthathemusthavecomefrombelow. 基督徒相信人来自天上，进化论者则认为人一定是来自地下。Assonance: 类韵Resemblance of sound, especially of the vowel sounds in words. The repetition of identical or similar vowel sounds, especially in stressed syllables, 重(读)音节whenbigotslightedfaggotstoburn. 愚昧的偏执狂们点燃柴堆活活烧死Pun:Darwinisright-inside. 有家商店的招牌上写道：达尔文：没错就在里面。(这是小达尔文的服装店)Apunisaplayonwords玩弄字眼, 说双关语, 说俏皮话,orratheraplayontheformandmeaningofwords.双关语是以一个词或词组，用巧妙的办法同时把互不关联的两种含义结合起来，取得一种诙谐有趣的效果。Itisnotstrictlyafigureofspeech,butbecauseitreliedheavilyonmetaphoricalorfigurativemeaningsofwordsforitseffect,itifoftenincludedinlistsofsuchfiguresa. Wordsorphraseshavingtwoormoredistinctmeanings.Homonyms. 同音异义字Anambassadorisanhonestmanwholiesabroadforthegoodofhiscountry.b.wordshavingthesameoralmostsamesoundbutdifferinginformandmeaning.Homophones.同音字Sevendayswithoutwatermakesoneweak.Thentherewasthemanintherestaurant.Yourenoteatingyourfish,thewaitresssaidtohim.Anythingwrongwithit?Longtimenosee(sea),themanreplied.Oxymoron: formedbyconjoiningoftwocontrasting,contradictoryorincongruous不调和的, 不适宜的terms. 矛盾修辞法Malonecalledmyconvictionavictoriousdefeat.bittersweetmemoriesproudhumility自豪的谦卑orderlychaos有秩序的混乱adamnedsaint这该死的圣人anhonourablevillain.令人尊敬的恶棍Irony: afigureofspeechthatachievesemphasisbysayingtheoppositeofwhatismeant,theintendedmeaningofthewordsbeingtheoppositeoftheirusualsense.Hiroshima-theliveliestcityintheworld.marchingbackwardstothegloriousageofthe16thcentury My friend the attorney-general says that John Scopes knows what he is here for, Darrow drawled.Ridicule:Bryan,ageingandpaunchy,wasassisted.Bryanmoppedhisbalddomeinsilence. 布莱恩闷声不响地擦拭着自己的秃顶He didnt say a cat was the same as a man? Darrow asked. The poor brute cowered in a corner with his hands over his eyes, ” a reporter noted, afraid it might be true. Ridicule“这只可怜的畜牲双手捂住眼睛，蜷缩在一个角落里，”一位记者这样写道，“生怕人猿同源是真的。”Sarcasm: is a strong form of irony. It attacks in a taunting嘲弄, 奚落 and bitter manner, and its aim is to disparage蔑视, 贬损, ridicule and wound the feelings of the subject attacked. For example, laws are like cobwebs, which may catch small flies, but let wasps黄蜂 break through.There is some doubt about that, Darrow snorted.Dudley Field Malone popped up to reply. Mr. Bryan is not the only one who has the right to speak for the Bible, he observed. There are other people in this country who have given up their whole lives to God and religion. Mr. Bryan, with passionate spirit and enthusiasm, has given most of his life to politics. 达德雷费尔德马隆跳起来反驳布莱恩。“布莱恩可不是唯一有资格为圣经辩护的人，”他说。“在我们这一国度，还有些人将自己的全部生命都奉献给了上帝和宗教。而布莱恩先生却满腔热情地将自己的大半生命献给了政治。”区别：ridicule 作为修辞, 可译为奚落 它和Sarcasm(目的是hurt ones feeling)不同的是, ridicule的目的是unkindly make fun of sb. Sarcasm是转弯抹角的讽刺，而ridicule就是直截了当的表示出轻蔑之意.irony反语 用词语表达与它们的字面意思相异或相反的用法4