人教版高中英语（必修3）重点词汇、短语、句型、语法全汇总.pdf

人教版高中英语（必修3）重点词汇、短语、句型、语法全汇总Unitl Festivals around the world重点词汇l.take place 发生2.religious 宗教的3.in memory of 纪念4.belief信任，信心，信仰5.dress up盛装，打扮6.trick诡计，窍门7.play a trick on搞恶作居U,诈骗8.gain获得9.gather搜集,集合lO.award奖品，授予11.admire赞美，钦佩12.look forward to 期望，盼望13.day and night 日夜14.as though 好像15.have fun with 玩的开心16.permission 许可，允许17.turn up出现，到场18.keep ones word 守信用i19.hold ones breath 屏息20.apologize 道歉21.obvious 显然的22.set off出发，动身，使爆炸重点短语l.mean doing sth,意味着mean to do sth,打算或企图做某事mean sb.to do sth.打算让某人做某事be meant for打算作.用；为.而有2.take place发生；举行3.of all kinds各种各样的4.starve to death 饿死be starved of 缺乏starve for sth,starve to do 渴望5.plenty of大量；充足6.be satisfied with 对.感到满意to ones satisfaction令某人感到满意7.do harm to sb.=do sb.harm 伤害某人8.in the shape of呈的形状，以.的形式9.in memory of/to the memory of sb法己念某人lO.dress up穿上最好的衣服;打扮，化装11.award sth.(to sb.怀口 award sb.sth.(for sth.)颁奖2reward sb.for sth.因 奖赏某人reward sb.with sth.用某物酬劳某人12.admire sb.for sth在某方面钦佩某人13.look forward to期望，期待，盼望14.have fun with（与某人）玩得开心;过得快乐（have a good time；enjoy oneself.）15.turn up出现;调大/高turn down拒绝;调小/低turn off 关掉turn on打开turn out结果是.turn to sb.for help 向某人求助16.keep ones word 守信用break ones word,失信17.lt be obvious that-clause 显而易见；一目了然18.set off出发；使（地雷、炸弹）爆炸set in开始set up建立，创立set out to do=set about doing sth.着手做set down写下，i己下19.remind sb.of sth.提醒，使想起重点句型31.P lease make sure when and where the accident took place.请查清楚事故是何时何地发生的。2.So me festival are held to honour the dead,or satisfy and please the ancestors,who could return either to help or to do harm.还有一些节日，是为了纪念死者、满足或取悦祖先，因为（祖先 们）有可能回到世上帮助他们，也有可能带来危害。3.I n Japan the festival is called Obon,when people should go to clean the graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors.（非限制 性定语从句）在日本，这个节叫孟兰盆节，在这个节日里，人们要上坟、扫墓、烧香，以缅怀祖先。4.They dress up and try to frighten people.他们乔装打扮去吓唬别人。5.If they are not given anything,the children might play a trick.如果你什么也不打发给孩子，他们可能会捉弄别人。6.In India there is a national festival on October2 tohonour Mahatma Gandhi,the leader who helped gain Indias independence from Britain.在印度，10月2日是纪念马哈特马.甘地的全国性节日，他是帮 助印度脱离英国而独立的领袖。47.The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring.最富生气而又最重要的节日，就是告别冬天、迎来春天的日子。8.The country is covered with cherry tree flowers so that it looks as though it might be covered with pink snow.整个国度处处都是樱花盛开，看上去就像罩上了一层粉红色的雪。语法一、情态动词定义：情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义、但要与动词原形及其 被动语态一起使用，给谓语动词增添情态色彩，表示说话人对有关行 为或事物的态度和看法，认为其可能、应该或必要等。情态动词数量不多，主要有下列：can(could),may(might),must,need,ought to,dare(dared),shall(should),will(would),have(to),had better.can和could的用法1.表示能力或客观可能性，还可以表示请求和允许。注意：could也可表示请求，语气委婉，主要用于疑问句，不 可用于肯定句，答语应用can。can表示能力时，还可用be able to代替。2.表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度。(主要用在否定句、疑问句 或惊叹句中)53.can（could）+have+过去分词的疑问或否定形式表示对过去 发生的行为怀疑或不肯定。4.用在疑问句及否定句中，表示惊讶，不相信等。5.cannot.too.表示“无论怎样.也不过分二、may和might的用法1.表示许可。表示请求、允许时，might比may的语气更委婉一些，否定回答 时（口语中常用）no,you cant.or,yes,please 用 mustnt 表示不可 以、“禁止、阻止之意（具有强烈禁止的意思）。用May I征询对方许可在文体上比较正式，在口气上比较客气。在日常口语中，用Canl.征询对方意见在现代口语中更为常见。2.用于祈使句中表示祝愿。3.表示推测、可能（疑问句不能用于此意）。4.may（might）+have+过去分词表示对过去发生的行为的推测。三、must和have to的用法1.表示必须、必要。（must表示主观多一些而have to则表示客 观多一些）回答must引出的问句时，如果是否定的回答，不能用mustNt,而要用 neednt 或 dont have to。2.must be+表语的结构表示推测，它的否定或疑问式用can代 替 musto63.must+have+过去分词的结构常用在肯定句中，表示对过去 发生的行为的推测。它的否定或疑问式用can代替musto4.have to的含义与must相似，两者往往可以互换使用，但have to有各种形式，随have的变化而定。注意：have to也可拼做have got to。四、dare和need的用法1.need表示需要，作情态动词时，仅用于否定句或疑问句中，在肯定句中一般用 must,have to,ought to,或should代替。注意：needNt+不定式的完成式“表示本来不必做某事而实际上 做了某事2.dare作情态动词时，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句 中，一般不用在肯定句中。3.dare和need常用作实义动词，有时态、人称和数的变化，所 不同的是，作实义动词时，在肯定句中，dare后面通常接带to的不 定式，在否定和疑问句中，dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。五、shall和should的用法l.shall的用法：shall用于第一人称，表示征求对方的意愿。shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的 意见或向对方请示。shall用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。72.should的用法：should表示劝告、建议、命令，其同义词是ought to；在疑问 句中，通常用should代替ought to。Why（or How）+should结构表示说话人对某事不能理解，感到 意外、惊异等意思。意为“竟会。should+have+过去分词结构一般表示义务，表示应该做到 而实际上没有做到，并包含一种埋怨、责备的口气。六、will和would的用法1.表示请求、建议等，would比will委婉客气。2.表示意志、愿望和决心。3 用“will be和“will（would）+have+过去分词的结构表示推测,主要用于第二、三人称。前者表示对目前情况的推测，后者表示对已 经完成的动作或事态的推测。4.would可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。5.表料想或猜想。七、ought to的用法1.ought to表示应该。2.表示推测。注意与must表示推测时的区别：He must be at home by now.（断定他已到家）He ought to be home by now.（不十分肯定）This is where the oil must be.（比较直率）This is where the oil ought to be.（比较含蓄）83.ought to+have+过去分词表示过去应做某事而实际未做。ought和should的区别：1.ought语气略强。2.should较常用。3.ought在美国英语中用的很少，而should却相当常用。4.ought属正式用语。八、used to,had better,would rather 的用法l.used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在已不存在，在间接引 语中，其形式可不变。如：He told us he used to play football when he was young.2.had better意为最好，后接不带to的不定式。3.would rather意为宁愿，表选择，后接不带to的不定式。Unit2 Healthy eating重点词汇l.diet日常饮食，节食2.balance平衡，天平3.fry油炸4.ought to 应该5.lose weigh 减肥6.raw生的，未加工的97.get away with被放过，（做坏事）不受惩罚8.tell a lie 说谎9.win.back 赢回lO.strength强项，长处，力量11.consult咨询，请教12.earn ones living 谋生13.debt 债14.in debt 欠债15.limit限制，界限16.benefit 利益bine联合，结合18.cut down削减，删节19.before long 不久以后20.put on weight 增加体重重点短语l.a healthy diet 健康饮食a balanced diet平衡的饮食2.i n different ways用不同的方式3.most often 最经常4.feel frustrated 感到沮丧5.by lunchtime到午餐时间6.must have happened 一定发生过io7.at the end of the street 在街道的尽头8.be tired of 厌倦9.be amazed at sth.对.感到惊异10.throw away 扔掉11.get away with 逃脱12.tell lies 说谎13.energy-giving food提供热量的食物body-building food提供营养的食物14feel fit精神很好15.do some research into 做一些.方面的研究16.the weakness of the diet 饮食的弱点the strength of the diet 饮食的优点17.earn ones living 谋生18.be in debt 负债19.glare at 怒视20.move round 绕过21.spy on在暗中侦察；打探22.upset sb.使.不安23.heavy food不易消化的食物24.look ill看上去有病feel sick感到恶心25.chat about 聊起关于.1126.serve with 用.配27.rather than 而不是28.cut down 减少29.before long 不久重点句型l.The food you eat helps you grow in different ways.你吃的食物能以不同的方式帮你成长。2.Standing on top of the tall building,we could see the whole city.站在高楼的顶部，我们能看到整个城市。3.Which food contains more sugar?哪一种食物含有更多的糖？4.What could have happened?可能发生了什么事？5.Something terrible must have happened if Maochang was not coming to eat with him as he always did.要是茂昌不像往常那样和他一起吃饭，那问题一定严重了。6.Curiosity drove Wang Pengwei inside.王鹏伟受到好奇心的驱使，走了进去。7.We were surprised at finding the house empty.我们发现这个房子空无一人，感到惊讶。8.They had me repeat the message.他们让我把口信又重说了 一遍。129.1 have a lot of work to do.我有很多工作要做。10.He did not look forward to being in debt because his restaurant was no longer popular.他可不希望由于他的餐馆不再受欢迎而负债。Unit3 The Million Pound Bank Note重点词汇1.bring up 抚养2.scene现场，景色3.permit许可，通行证4.go ahead 前进5.by accident 偶然6.stare凝视，盯着看7.stare at盯着看8.spot发现，认出，斑点，污点9.account说明，总计有，账目，10.account for导致，做出解释11.seek探索，寻求12.contrary反面，对立面13.on the contrary 与此相反1314.take a chance 冒险15.in rags衣衫褴褛16.indeed真正地17.as for关于，至于重点短语l.know about 了解关于.事2.make a bet 打赌3.win or lose the bet在打赌中赢或输4.have bad luck 运气不好5.step inside走进里面6.lead the way 带路7.1 wonder if.我想知道是否.8.go right ahead 说下去9.as a matter of fact 事实上10.by accident 偶然11.sail out of the bay 驶出海湾12.stare at 盯着13.towards nightfall 到夜幕降临时14.carry.out to sea 把带到 了大海15.give oneself up for lost 因为迷路而绝望16.account for 导致17.work as an unpaid hand 免费劳动1418.to be honest 坦白地说19.your idea of some kind of joke 你认为的一种笑话20.be on my way 上路21.show sb.out把某人带出去22.be confident about 对.自信23.give sb.a ride让某人搭车24.the cost of a journey 旅行费用25.fall over 跌到26.lose ones patience 失去耐心27.stay out of jail 免坐牢28.do fifty jumps without stopping不间断地连续跳五十下29.account for your behaviour对你的行为做出解释30.be jealous of the others success 嫉妒别人的成功31.show a willingness to do sth.表示乐意做谋事32.take the gentlemans order 让那位绅士点菜33.read the bill 看帐单34.be reserved 被预定了35.take a chance 碰碰运气36.the look on the waiters face 服务员脸上的表情37.in a rude manner用粗鲁的方式38.for a while 一会儿重点句型15l.Have you ever made a bet with your friends?你曾和你的朋友们打过赌吗？2.Did he help you by accident or on purose?他是碰巧还是有意帮你？3.1 wonder,Mr Smith,if/whether youd mind us moving your flowers outdoors.史密斯先生，我不知道你是否介意我们把你的花移到室外去。4.Youre about to hear the most incredible tale.你们马上就要听到一个最难以置信的故事。5.Permit me to say a few words.请允许我说几句话。6.Aft er the rain,we went ahead with our work.雨停之后，我们继续工作。7.And it was the ship that brought you to England.正是那艘船把你带到了英国。8.I earned my passage by workingas an unpaid hand,which accounted for my appearance.我是作为一个不拿工资的帮手赚来我的船费，这就是我为什么会 衣冠不整的原因了。9.Dick found himself walking in the direction of the church.迪克发现自己不知不觉朝教堂方向走去。10.Even if/though he is very nice,I dont trust him.16即使他很好，我也不太相信他。语法一、名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句（Noun Clauses）。名 词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又 可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句的连接词，引导名词性从句的连接词可分为四类：l.that（无含义，不充当成分）2.whether,if（有是否的含义，但不充当成分）3.连接代词：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whomever,whose,which,whichever.（在从句中做主语、宾语、表语和 定语）连接副词：when,whenever,where,wherever,how,however,why（在 从句中做状语）4.as if,as though,because（不充当成分，在名词性从句中只引导 表语从句）二、四类名词性从句语法要点1.主语从句：在整个句子中用作主语的从句叫主语从句。What he wants to tell us is not clear.他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。（2）It is known to us how he became a writer.17我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。2.i t作形式主语：有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代 替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。It is clear that he is innocent in the accident.很明显，他在这场事故中是无辜的。3.宾语从句，在整个句子中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。We must never think(that)we are good in everything while others are good in nothing.我们决不能认为自己什么都好，别人什么都不好。it作形式宾语：在主语+谓语+宾语+宾补的句型中，如果宾 语是从句的形式，则必须用it做形式宾语，把真正的宾语即宾语从句 置于句末。We found it impossible that the so much work will be finidhed in one day.我们发现一天之内完成这项工作不可能。4.表语从句，在整个句子中用作表语的从句叫表语从句。The fact is that we have lost the game.18事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。That is why he didnt come to the meeting.那就是他为什么不到会的原因。（3）It looks as if it is going to rain.看上去天要下雨了。This is because he has been working hard these days.这是因为这些天他一直工作很努力。注意：because,as if和as though在名词性从句中只能引导表 语从句。4.同位语从句，在整个句子中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。同位语的含义：在句子中，如果有两个名词，并且后一个名词是 对前一个名词的解释说明，它们两个指的是同一个人或同一个物，那 么，后面的名词就叫前面名词的同位语。This is my friend,Tom.（Tom 是 my friend 的同位语。）可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand doubt fact hope、idea information message、news order problem、promise、question、request、suggestion truth、wish word 等抽象名词。The news that we won the game is exciting.我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。I have no idea when he will come back home.我不知道他什么时候回来。19 The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill.他 想到可能玛丽生病了。5.同位语从句和定语从句的区别：that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句 中作宾语时可以省略；that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没 有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。试比较下面两个例句:I had no idea that you were here.我不知道你在这里。that无含义，that you were here指的就是idea,所以是同位语 从句，不能省略that(2)Have you got the idea(that)this book gives you?这本书给了你想法吗？that指的是the idea,that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略三、连接词that在名词性从句中可以省略的三种情况Lit做形式主语，that引导主语从句时It is said(that)he has been studying abroad.据说他一直在国外学习。2.动词宾语从句中I think(that)you have much to improve in English.我认为你的英语需要提高的有很多。3.形容词宾语从句中I am afraid(that)I will be late.20恐怕我要迟到了。Unit 4 Astronomy:the science of the stars重点词汇1.system系统，体系2.theory学说，理论3.violent猛烈的，激烈的4.i n time及时，终于5.unlike不同，不像6.harmful有害的7.l ay eggs 下蛋8.exist存在，生存9.give birth to 产生，分娩10.in ones turn 轮到某人11.prevent from 阻止12.puzzle谜，难题/使迷惑13.pull拉，牵引力14.cheer up感到振奋15.now that 既然16.break out突发，爆发17.watch out密切注视21重点短语1.think of.as 把.看作是.2.a cloud of energetic dust 具有能量的尘埃bine into.合成.4.move around the sun 环绕太阳运转5.the solid surface 固体表面6.explode loudly 猛烈爆炸7.i n time及时，最终8.produce the water vapor 产生水蒸汽9.cool down 冷却10.make the earths atmosphere 构成了地球的大气层11.on the surface 在表面12.be different from.与.不同13.go round the sun环绕太阳运转14.disappear from.从.消失15.stay on.存留在.16.show ones quality显现某人的特性17.dissolve harmful gases分解,溶解有害气体18.develop life 发展生命19.become part of.变成.的一部分20.grow in the water 在水里生长21.encourage the development of.鼓励.的发展2222.millions of years later 几万年以后23.live on land在陆地上生活24.live in the sea在海里生存25.grow into forests 长成森林26.produce young 生出幼仔27.lay eggs 下蛋28.animals with hands and feet 长着手脚的动物29.move around 迁徙30.spread all over the earth 遍布全世界31.go by过去，推移32.develop new methods 发展了新的方法33.prevent.from.防止.做.34.escape from.into.从.逃离至U.35.depend on.依靠,依赖，取决与.36.solve a problem 解决问题37.be lucky enough 足够幸运38.make a trip 去旅行39.visit the moon 参观月球40.in the spaceship在太空飞船中41.explain to.that.向.解释.42.on the journey 在旅程中43.rise into the air 升人太空2344.be off 启程45.feel the pull of the earth感觉到地球的拉力46.call.gravity称.为地球引力47.push.into the seat 把.推向座位48.say.to each other 向彼此说.49.fall back to.朝.落下去50.fall from a tree从树上掉下来Sl.fall to the ground朝地上落下去52.get close to.接近.53.cheer up高兴起来54.float weightlessly around 失重飘来飘去55.watch.do 看着.做56.i n the spaceship cabin 太空船舱57.move freely自由的活动58.climb down the steps从梯级上爬下来59.step forward 向前迈步6O.fall over 摔倒61.need practice 需要练习62.get the hang of.掌握了.的诀窍63.enjoy oneself 过得愉快64.leave the moons gravity 摆脱月球引力e back to.回至，.24重点句型l.We usually think of science subjects as physics,chemistry,biology and mathematics.通常我们认为科学学科为物理、化学、生物、和数学。2.When are they to hand in their plan?他们的计划什么时候交上来。3.Whether we help him or not,he will fail.不论我们帮助他与否，他都将失败。4.lt exploded loudly with fire and rock,which were in time to produce the water vapour,carbon dioxide,oxygen,nitrogen and other gases,which were to make the earths atmosphere.它（地球）巨大的爆炸喷出了烈火与岩石，最终产生了水蒸气、二 氧化碳、氧、氮和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。5.It was quite different from what I expected.它和我原来想的很不一样。6.This made it possible for us to learn English better.这使得我们有可能把英语学得更好。7.Scientist believe that taking carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and filling the air with oxygen helped life to develop.科学家认为，从大气中吸取二氧化碳，并向空气中释放氧气，有 助于生命的发展。8.He has experience as well as knowledge.25他既有学识又有经验。9.They are putting too much carbon dioxide intothe atmosphere,which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.他们把太多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中，这使得热量不能从地球 上散发到太空中。10.Whether life will continute on the earth for millions of yearswill depend on whether this problem can be solved.生命是否会在地球上延续几百万年要取决于这个问题能否得到 解决。Unit 5 Canada“The True North”1.rather than 与其，不愿2.chat聊天，闲聊3.surround包围，围绕4.measure测量，衡量，判定5.settle down定居，平静下来6.manage to do 设法做7.catch sight of 看见，瞥见8.have a gift for对有天赋9.within在之内，26lO.border边界，国界，边沿，与.接壤11.mix混合，调配12.mixture 混合物13.confirm证实，证明，批准14.distance距离，远方15.in the distance 在远处16.nearby在附近17.tradition 传统，习俗18.impress使印象深刻重点短语1.frost on the ground地上覆盖了 一层薄霜2.around noon中午时分3.the most wealthy and biggest city in Canada 力口拿大最大最富有 的城市4.leave for.去.5.go on a tour of the city继续在市内游览一番6.go up the tower 登上塔顶7.look across the lake 俯瞰湖面8.flow into.流人.9.flow over流经.10.on ones way to.在去.的路上12.walk north 向北走2711.a covered stadium 加顶的运动场15.move to.移居到.13.phone.from a telephone booth 在电话亭给.打电话14.have dinner in downtown Chinatown 在市内的中国城吃晚饭16.meet.at.在.迎接.17.get good Cantonese food吃到好吃的广东菜e from South China 来自中国南方19.go as far as Ottawa去到远至渥太华20.about four hundred kilometers northeast of Toronto 是巨多伦多 东北大约有400公里21.take too long花费的时间长22.at dawn 黎明23.at the train station 在火车站24.have English words in small letters 有小字体的英文标注25.go downtown 到市区去26.be close to.接近.27.spend the afternoon in the lovely shops 整个下午在可爱的商 店28.visit.in.在 拜访.29.sit in a cafe坐在咖啡馆30.look over.眺望.31.sit down with.和.坐在起2832.on a train trip across.坐着火车上横穿.33.have a French culture 具有法国文化34.speed along the river toward.沿着河流驶向.35.dream of.梦想.36.on a tr