灌注桩施工、监理要点、报检程序（中英文版）.pdf

1钻孔灌注桩施工要点1、施工准备 场地平整，清除杂物，回填土应夯打密实。挖泥浆池、沉淀池、储水池，准备合格粘土。水、电源接通。机架要平直，机应垫稳，不能软硬不均，钻孔过程中不能 移位和不均匀沉陷。泥浆槽应挖成高20cm,宽30cm,长度不小于15m,泥浆 流速不大于10cm/s。安装钻机时要求转盘中心同钻架上起吊滑轮在同一轴线，钻杆位置偏差不大于20cmo2、埋设护筒护筒的制作材料要求为钢板，厚度为5mm。护筒内径一般比桩径大2040cm。护筒高度宜高出地面0.3m或水面1.02.0m。护筒中心竖直线应与桩的中心线重合，其平面允许误差为 50mm,竖直线倾斜不大于1%。护筒埋置深度不得小于2.0m,一般为24m。埋设方法为人工挖坑埋设，护筒底部和四周填粘土并分层夯 实。土质条件松散时，护筒底部用C15混凝土处理,处理厚度为20cm。以保证孔口不坍塌，不使地表水进入孔内并保持孔内泥浆表面高程。a13、钻孔钻机就位前，对钻机的各项准备工作进行检查，包括场地布 置与钻机座落处的平整和加固、机具的检查与安装等。钻机安装后底 座和顶端应平稳，在钻进中不应产生位移或沉陷，否则应及时处理。初钻时开孔孔位必须准确无误，开钻时应慢速进钻，待导向 部位或钻头全部进入土层后，方可加速进钻。钻孔过程中及时填写施工记录，与施工同步进行。交接班时 应对钻进情况及下一班应注意的事项进行交底。钻孔作业分班分组进行，钻孔时经常对孔内泥浆进行取样检 查，不符合要求时，随时调整泥浆比重与稠度。要注意土层变化，在 土层变化处捞取渣样，判明土层并作好记录，以便与地质断面图核对。升降钻机时须平稳，钻锥提出井口时应防止碰撞护筒、孔壁 和钩挂护筒底部，拆装钻杆力求迅速。在钻孔排渣、提锥或因故停钻时，应保持孔内具有规定的水 位及要求的泥浆稠度和粘度，以防坍孔。4、清孔钻孔深度达到设计标高后，应对孔径、孔位和倾斜度进行检 查，符合要求后方可清孔。在清孔排渣时，必须注意保持孔内水头，孔内水位应保持高 于地下水位或河流水位，以防止坍孔。另外，不得用加深钻孔深度的 方式代替清孔。a1在吊入钢筋骨架后，灌注水下混凝土之前，应再次检查孔内 泥浆性能指标和孔底沉淀厚度，泥浆相对密度控制在1.051.08之 间，沉淀层厚度根据设计图纸规定不大于5cm。如超过规定，应进行 第二次清孔，符合要求后方可灌注水下混凝土。清孔采用换浆法，清孔后的泥浆指标和沉淀层厚度要符合规 范及设计图纸的规定。钻孔桩成孔质量标准项目允许偏差孔的中心位置(mm)群桩：100 单排桩：50孔径(mm)2设计值倾斜度1%孔深三设计值且支承桩孔深比设计深度超深不小于50mm沉淀层厚度(mm)50清孔后泥浆指标相对密度1.03-1.1;粘度17-20(s);含砂率98%5、钢筋骨架制作与吊装试验室要对每批钢筋按每60T的频率抽检试验，试验满足要 求且经监理工程师认可后，方可进行骨架制作。骨架焊接时，注意主 筋接头必须按规定错开，同一断面接头数量不得大于50%。a1根据技术规范的要求，钢筋骨架对接时应采用搭接焊或对焊,搭接焊焊缝长度为10d（d为钢筋直径）；搭接焊时应预先调好弯起角 度，单面焊焊缝长度为wd（d为钢筋直径）。长桩骨架应分段制作，分段长度应根据吊装条件确定，应确 保不变形，接头错开，起吊应按骨架的长度编号入孔。桩的钢筋骨架在钢筋加工场分节加工，拖车运输到现场，提 前加工的骨架必须支垫并覆盖，防止骨架产生锈蚀。钢筋骨架应有强劲的内支撑，防止钢筋骨架在运输和就位时 变形。清孔后骨架用吊车及时、准确吊装就位，在井口焊接成整体 入孔。钢筋骨架入孔后必须对其平面位置进行检查，中心平面位置误 差不得大于20mmo钢筋骨架应严格按照图纸的规定焊接保护层钢筋。严防钢筋 骨架与井壁接触。钢筋骨架制作和吊放标准检查项目允许偏差主筋间距20mm箍筋间距士 10mma16、水下佐的灌注骨架外径士 10 mm骨架倾斜度0.5%骨架保护层厚度士 10 mm骨架中心平面位置10 mm采用290型螺旋快接头导管灌注水下碎，灌注前应对导管进 行水密承压和接头抗拉试验。吊装导管应位于井孔中央。碎在拌和场集中拌和，罐车运输，人工配合吊车提升导管浇 注。拌合机的拌和能力应满足桩孔在规定时间内灌注完毕。灌注时间 不得长于首批混凝土的初凝时间。灌注硅前，应探测孔底泥浆沉淀层厚度，如大于规定，应再 次清孔，但应注意孔壁的稳定，防止塌孔。混凝土运至灌注地点时，要检查混凝土的和易性，其塌落度 应控制在180mm220mm之间，如果混凝土的指标不能符合规范要 求，应进行二次拌和，二次拌和仍不能达到要求，则不能使用。首批灌注碎的数量应能满足导管初次埋置深度大于或等于 1.0m和填充导管底部间隙的需要，导管下口至孔底距离控制在25 40cm。开始灌注前，要设置软球式隔水阀，将球置于孔内水面以上 0.3m左右导管内，用麻绳或铁丝悬吊固定，待有足够混凝土初存量 后，剪断吊绳，球和混凝土将导管内的水压走落入孔底。为了避免球 下落时卡管，可拌制少量高标号砂浆至于隔水阀上部。a1硅灌注应连续进行，在灌注过程中，应经常探测碎顶面的位 置并及时调整导管埋深。在灌注过程中，导管的埋置深度应控制在 2m 6mo为防止钢筋骨架上浮，当灌注的碎顶面距钢筋骨架底部1m 左右时，应降低硅的灌注速度。当硅拌和物上升到骨架底口 4m以上 时，提升导管，使其底口高于骨架底部2m以上，即可恢复正常灌注 速度。灌注的桩顶标高要比设计高出0.51.0m,以保证桩顶质量。多余的部分待强度形成后凿除，凿除后的桩头应无松散层。灌注结束 时，应核对硅的灌入数量，以确定所测混凝土的灌注高度是否正确。7、故障预防及处理措施塌孔预防及处理塌孔的主要原因有：护筒埋置过浅，周围封填不密实漏水；泥 浆稠度小，起不到护壁作用；操作不当，提升钻头或掏渣筒时倾倒，或放入钢筋骨架时碰撞孔壁；泥浆水位高度不够，对孔壁压力小；向 孔内加水时流速过大，直接冲刷孔壁；在松散的砂层中钻进时，进尺 过快。预防措施：轻度塌孔，可加大泥浆相对密度和起高水位；也可 以用泥浆膏投入，待孔壁稳定后低速钻进。严重塌孔时应进行回填，待回填土方稳定后重新开钻。a1扩孔及缩孔的预防及处理缩孔的主要原因：是因为钻锥磨损过大，补焊不及时或因地层 中有软塑土，遇水膨胀后使孔径缩小。扩孔的主要原因是由于孔壁 坍塌或钻锥摆动过大所致。预防措施：为防止缩孔应及时修补磨损钻锥；使用失水率小的 优质泥浆护壁；必须快钻慢进，并复钻二、三次；已发生缩孔时应用 钻锥上下、左右反复扫孔扩大孔径，直到缩孔的部位达到设计孔径要 求为止，并使用失水率小的优质泥浆护壁。对于扩孔，应注意防止塌 孔和防止钻锥摆动过大。钻孔偏斜预防及处理钻孔偏斜的主要原因有：钻架不稳、钻杆导架不垂直，钻机磨 耗，部件松动；土层软硬不均匀，致使钻头受力不均；钻孔中遇有较 大孤石；钻杆弯曲，接头不正等。预防措施：检查纠正钻架，使之垂直安置稳固，并对导架进行 水平与垂直校正；偏斜较大时，填入土石重新钻进并控制钻速。掉钻预防及处理掉钻的主要原因有：卡钻时强提强拉、操作不当，使钢丝绳或 钻杆疲劳断裂；钻杆接头不良或滑丝；马达接线错误，使不应反转的 钻机反转，钻杆松脱。预防措施：卡钻时应设有保护绳方能适度强提，严防钻头空打；经常 检查钻具、钻杆、钢丝绳和联结装置；掉钻落物时，宜迅速用打捞叉、钩、绳等工具打捞，若落体已经被泥砂埋住，则应用冲、吸的方法，a1先清除泥砂，使打捞工具接触落体后再打捞。a1钻孔灌注桩监理要点一、施工准备阶段监理内容：1、原材料：黄砂、石子，堆放场地须平整硬化，周围排水良好，立牌标明：产地、数量、使用部位是否检验合格。水泥：厂家 品牌为业主指定使用水泥，质保资料齐全。钢筋：厂家品牌为 业主确定品牌，质保资料齐全。堆置仓库（棚）内，堆置时应 垫高。立牌标明生产厂家、规格、使用部位、是否抽检合格。2、采用监理工程师已批准的配合比3、机械设备：冲击钻机、拌合站、电焊机、发电机、碎运输机械 性能良好，满足施工要求，同时需要备用。吊装机械与吊运重 量匹配，安全可靠。4、放样定位：轴线、桩位坐标已复检完成。5、钢筋笼制作：调直除锈：平直无局部弯折，表面洁净筋 焊接：焊工持证上岗经试焊，焊接工艺、参数经监理工程师认 可。搭接焊：轴线要一致，单面焊长度室10d双面焊工5d,焊接饱满无浮渣。无烧伤，咬边，裂缝等。a16、工程开工申请到监理工程师批准。二、施工阶段监理内容1、钻孔：护筒埋放检查。桩位检查，钻进过程中，泥浆比重、粘 滞度、砂率等情况检查。2、钢筋笼检查：钢筋笼扎制完成进行编号排放加工场地须硬 化且防潮措施钢筋笼没有较大变形，主筋顺直平行，没有扭 曲现象，箍筋调直，钢筋间距长度满足设计规范要求。3、混凝土浇筑监理内容检查运输拌和工艺a、施工前结合工程中配合比的情况，检查拌合设备的性能；在 整个性生产过程中，拌合设备要经常进行检查，包括硅拌合物的均匀 性、适宜的拌合时间、衡重器的准确性、机器及叶片的磨损程度等。b、碎只能按工程当时需用的数量拌制。炎热的天气，要设法降 低拌和后碎的温度，防止硅在浇注过程中过量硬化和出现裂纹。更不 允许用加水或其它办法变更碎的稠度。o c、硅拌合过程中根据气候情况随时测定砂、石集料的含水率,及时调整配合比。拌合机按其规定的转速运行，生产的碎必须拌合均 匀，拌和程序和时间通过试验确定。d、采用电脑自动计量拌合设备，加强设备保养与计量系统的监 测，加强操作人员的业务素质。e、碎的运输能力应适应硅的凝结速度和浇注速度的需要，以保 持位均匀性和规定的坍落度，并充分发挥设备的效率。f、硅运输工具应采用不漏浆、不吸水的盛器加盖和保温，以免 日晒、雨淋，影响硅质量。a1g、在运送的佐的过程中不能使其发生离析、漏浆、严重泌水和 过多降低坍落度的现象。首批灌注性的数量应能满足导管初次埋置深度大于或等于1.0m 和填充导管底部间隙的需要，导管下口至孔底距离控制在25 40cm。硅灌注应连续进行，在灌注过程中，应经常探测硅顶面的位置并 及时调整导管埋深。在灌注过程中，导管的埋置深度应控制在2m6m o为防止钢筋骨架上浮，当灌注的碎顶面距钢筋骨架底部1m左右 时，应降低硅的灌注速度。当硅拌和物上升到骨架底口 4m以上时，提升导管，使其底口高于骨架底部2m以上，即可恢复正常灌注速度。灌注的桩顶标高要比设计高出0.51.0m,以保证桩顶质量。多余 的部分待强度形成后凿除，凿除后的桩头应无松散层。灌注结束时，应核对碎的灌入数量，以确定所测混凝土的灌注高度是否正确。三、验收阶段监理内容检查桩基混泥土强度、桩位偏差、桩基倾斜度、沉淀层厚度、钢筋骨 架底标高、桩基完整性检测等。a1桩基工序检验报检程序1、每道工序开工前，准备好相应的基础资料，报对口的专业监理工 程师批准后方可开工；2、每道工序完成后，施工单位先进行自检，合格后填中间检验申请 单，报现场监理要求进行中检检查验收；3、现场监理在接到施工单位的中间检验申请单后，进行现场初验，合格后签字同意报检，并报专业监理工程师，请求中间验收；4、专业监理工程师在接到中间检验申请单后，会同实验、测量工程 师派出检验人员对工序进行验收，合格后各专业监理工程师签字认 可，附上合格监理抽检资料后报驻地监理工程师签字认可；5、驻地监理工程师签字认可后，通知施工单位进入下道工序施工；6、严禁施工单位不进行自检而直接报监理抽检；7、严禁施工单位自检不合格而填报虚假的合格资料报检；a18、严禁施工单位不经监理验收而直接进入下道工序施工；9、严格执行监理程序是施工单位应尽的义务，对于屡次违反监理程序单位和个人将根据招投标文件及其它相关规定进行处罚；江苏智科交通工程咨询监理有限公司徐贾快速通道建设工程XJTD-J1标驻地监理组二。一。年九月十二日a1（英文版）a1a1Two regulations promulgated fbr implementation is in the party in power fbr a long time and the rule of law conditions,the implementation of corrprehensive strictly strategic plan,implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party,strengthen mner-party supervision of major initiatives.The two regulations supporting each other,the adhere to a positive advocate,fbcusmg on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see,enough to get a high standard;around the party discipline,disciplinary ruler requirements,listed as negative list,focusing on vertical gauge,draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line Here,the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation:the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process;the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party;the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems;the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party.and revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines and column 1 by 2015 to strengthen party laws and regulations fbcus.Two party regulations revision work a1lasted a Years,pooling the wisdom of the whole party,ideological consensus,draw historical experience,respect fbr the wisdom of our predecessors,which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation;follow the correct direction,grasp the limited goals,adhere to the partys leadership,to solve the masses of the people reflect a fbcus on the problem.The new revision of the and,reflects the partys 18 and the eighth session of the third,the spirit of the fourth plenary session,reflectmg the experience of studymg and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech,reflects the partys eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice,(a)revised two regulations of the party need of in based on revised,the promulgation and implementation of January 2010,to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role.But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening,has not been able to fully meet the actual needs.Content is too complicated,eight prohibition,52 are not allowed to hard to remember,and also difficult to put mto practice;the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive,no autonomy requirements;the third is banned terms and discipline law,both with the party discipline,disciplinary regulations repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat;the fourth is a1to clean the theme is not prominent,not for the existing problems,and is narrow,only needle of county-level leading cadres above.is in 1997 based on revision,in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation,to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role.Along with the development of the situation,which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehens ive strictly administering the practice needs.One is Ji law,more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition;two is the political disciplme regulations is not prominent,not specific,fbr violation of the party constitution,damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue;third is the main discipline for the leading cadres,does not cover all Party members.Based on the above situation,need to and the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment.By revis mg,really put the authority of Party discipline,the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority ofParty members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness.(II)two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision.Xi Jinping,general books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission fora1Discipline Inspection,on the revised regulations made clear instructions.According to the central deployment,the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revis ion.The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised.Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision,amendment clarifies the direction,major issues of principle,path and target,respectively held a fbrum will listen to part of the province(area)secretary of the Party committee,Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission,part of the central ministries and state organs Departmenta1a1a1The first party committee is mainly responsible fbr people,views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members.Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China,on 7 September 2015,the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces(autonomous regions,municipalities)Party,the central ministries and commissions,state ministries and commissions of the Party(party),the General Political Department of the military,every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion.Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions,careful study,attracting,formed a revised sent reviewers.In October 8 and October 12,Central Committee Political Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft.On October 18,the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations.Can say,two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party,embodies the party.Second,and revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revis ion work and implement the partys eighteen,ten eight plenary,the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised and,highlighting the ruling party characteristics,serious discipline,the discipline quite in front a1of the law,based on the current,a long-term,advance as a who le,with Bu Xiuding independent and.Main principle is:first,adhere to the party constitution to follow.The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific,awaken the party constitution of party conpasses party consciousness,maintaining the authority of the constitution.General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that no rules,no side round.Party constitution is the fundamental law,the party must follow the general rules.In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee,Xi Jinping agam pomted out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules,but also the general rules.the revision of the and is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow,the constitution authority set up,wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline,the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements.4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party.The Party of rule of virtue de,mamly refers to the partys ideals and beliefs,excellent traditional style.The revised the closely linked to the self-discipline”,msistmg on the positive initiative,for all members,highlight the vital few*,emphasized self-discipline,fbcusmg on the morality,and the majority of Party a1members and the ideological and moral standards.The revised Ji method separately,Ji,Ji Yan to Method,as a negative list,emphasizing the heteronomy,focusing on vertical gauge.Is this one high and one low,a positive reaction,the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and disciplme requirements,fbr the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler.Third,insist on to.In view of the problems existmg in the party at the present stage,the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the disciplme to make clearly defined,especially the partys eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules,organization and disc ip line and to implement the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions.Not one pace reachs the designated position,focusing on in line with reality,pragmatic and effective.After the revision of major changes,major changes in the and modified and needs to grasp several key problems(a)adhere to according to regulations governing the party and party with morals in comb mat ion,fbr at the present stage,the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members in existing main problems of selfed is c ip Ime,put forward principles,requirements and specifications,showing Communists noble moral pursuit,reflected at all times and in all over the world ethics from high from low 5 common a1requirements.One is closely linked to the self-discipline”,removal and no direct relation to the provisions of.the second is adhere to a positive advocate,eight prohibition 52 are not allowed to nabout the content of the negative list moved mto synchronization amendment.Three is for all the party members,will apply object from the leadership of the party members and cadres to expand to all Party members,fully embodies the comprehensive strictly required.The fourth is prominent key minority,seize the leadership of the party members and cadres