机械制造常用词汇汇总.doc

内容为网络收集 仅供参考

机械制造常用词汇
1. 工程材料Engineering materials
1） 金属材料的力学特性mechanical properties

强度Strength

塑性plasticity

硬度 hardness

韧性Toughness

屈服强度 Yield strength
抗拉强度 Tensile strength

布氏硬度Brinell hardness
洛氏硬度 Rockwell hardness
维氏硬度 Vickers hardness

2) 常用工程材料Common Engineering Materials
普通低合金general structure low-alloy steel
易切钢Automatic Steel
渗碳钢 carburized steel
调质钢Hardened And Tempered Steel
弹簧钢 spring steel
滚动轴承钢 Rolling bearings Steel

碳素钢Carbon steel

合金钢Alloy Steel

灰铸钢 cast gray steel

球墨铸钢ductile cast steel

可煅铸钢Casting, malleable iron

铜合金Copper alloy

铝合金aluminium alloy

刀具钢Cutlery Steel
模具钢 Die Steel
量具钢 gauge steel

合金工具钢alloy tool steel

不锈钢 stainless steel
耐热钢 refractory steel
耐磨钢 Abrasion-Resistant Steel

特殊钢 special steel

粉末冶金powder metallurgy

硬质合金 Hard alloy

2. 钢的热处理工艺Heat treatment
完全退火full annealing 
球化退火spheroidizing annealing
去应力退火stress relieving annealing

退火annealing
正火normalizing
淬火quenching
回火tempering
表面淬火surface quenching
渗碳carburization
渗氮nitriding

3. 常用机床machine tool
卧式车床 Lathes, horizontal
单轴立式车床 single column vertical lathe
台式车床 bench lathe
立式车床 Lathes, vertical
摇臂车床 radial lathe
单臂刨床 open-side planing machine
插床 Slotting machines
龙门刨床Planing machine
卧式升降台铣床horizontal lifting platform milling machine立式升降台铣床lifting platform milling machine
龙门铣床 planer-type milling machine
滚齿机gear hobbing machine
外圆磨床External cylindrical grinding machines
内圆磨床internal cylindrical grinding machine
平面磨床surface grinder
拉床 broaching machine
插齿机gear shaper

4. 数控机床Computerized Numerical Control
数控车床 CNC lathes
数控洗床 CNC milling machine
加工中心 CNC Machining Center
轴联动加工机床 axes linkage machine tool
复合加工机床 composite machine tool

5. 刀具cutter
硬质合金焊接式车刀carbide welded cutter
机夹式车刀 Turning tools

车刀 lathe tool

成形车刀formed turning tool

铣刀Milling cutter
钻削钻头drill
深孔钻deep-hole drill
扩孔钻expanding drill， 锪钻countersink drill，铰刀reamer及镗刀boring tool
孔加工复合刀具 combination cutting tool

孔加工刀具(piercing cutters)

圆孔round
花键spline
键槽key groove
推刀push broach

拉刀broaching

丝锥tap
螺纹滚压工具

螺纹刀具chasing tool

齿轮刀具Gear Cutters
插齿刀gear shaper cutter
剃齿刀gear shaving cutter
齿轮滚刀gear hob
蜗轮滚刀worm hob
锥齿滚刀
自动线刀具automatic line cutter

6 测量器具measuring instrument
游标卡尺slide caliper
千分尺micrometer calipers
百分表dial indicator
万能角度尺mullti-functional compasses
塞尺Feeler gauges
刀口形直尺Knife straight edge
三坐标测量仪coordinate measuring machine

7. 工件夹具fixtures and jigs
斜楔夹紧机构
螺旋夹紧机构
偏心夹紧机构
铰链夹紧机构
定心夹紧机构
联动夹紧机构
机械增力机构

8. 液压传动Hydraulic Power Transmission
液压泵hydraulic pump
液压马达hydraulic motor
液压缸Hydraulic cylinder
控制阀control valve

辅助装置supplemental devices

方向控制阀 direction control valve
压力控制阀 pressure control valve
流量控制阀 flow control valve

滤油器oil filter
油箱oil tank
蓄能器Accumulator
压力表开关pressure meter switch
管道及管接头pipes & fittings

9. 形位公差Geometrical Tolerance
公差配合tolerance fit
表面粗糙度Surface roughness
表面形状和位置公差shape and position tolerance

10. 机械零件 mechanical parts
盘类
轴类
箱体类
焊接类
冲压类
铸造类
螺纹类

11. 机械零件 mechanical parts
凸轮Cam
滚子roller
棘轮ratchet
螺栓bolt
螺母nut
螺钉bolt

带轮
平带flat belt
V带 V belt
圆形带circular belt
同步带 timing belt

链轮 sprocket wheel
链条 chain
滚子链boom chain

齿轮gear
直齿圆柱齿轮 straight toothed spur gear
直齿锥齿轮straight bevel gear
涡轮turbo
涡杆Vortex bar
齿轮箱Gear box
减速器Reducer

轴 axis
曲轴Crank shaft
传动轴Transmission Shaft

平键flat key
半圆键woodruff key
花键spline

轴承bearing
滚动轴承Rolling Bearing
滑动轴承plain bearing

联轴器coupling
刚性联轴器Rigid coupling
扰性联轴器
弹性联轴器Flexible coupling

离合器clutch
超越离合器free-wheeling clutch
摩擦离合器Friction Clutches
牙嵌式离合器Jaw clutch

弹簧 spring
圆柱螺旋弹簧Cylindrically helical spring
盘簧coiled spring
板弹簧Leaf spring

12. 钳工工艺ocksmith
划线
錾削chopping
锉削filing
锯削scaling
钻孔drilling
扩孔counterbore
锪孔counterbore
铰孔reaming
攻螺纹ensat threaded
套螺纹
矫正和弯曲
刮削gouging
研磨polishing
铆接rivet joint

13. 装配工艺Assembly
部件装配Assembly
总装配 final assembly
调整 adjust
精度检验 precision inspection
试车trial
喷漆 spray-paint
涂油annoit
装箱 encase

14. 特种加工 special process
电火花加工 （EDM）Electric Discharge Machine
电火花线切割加工 (WEDM) Wire cut Electrical Discharge Machining
激光加工 (LBM) Laser Beam Machining
超声清洗ultrasonic cleaning

失蜡铸造investement casting
低压铸造Low Pressure Casting
压力铸造pressure casting
金属铸造
离心铸造centrifugal casting
15. 铸造 casting
手工造型 manual casting

特种铸造 special casting

16. 锻压forge and press
自由锻造 free forge

胎膜锻造 moulding forge

17. 冲压 punching
剪床shearing machine
冲床 punching machine

冲压设备punching equipments

冲压工序punching processes

冲裁gouging
弯曲bending
拉深（伸）stretching

18. 焊接成形 welding
熔焊 welding
压焊pressure welding
钎焊brazing/ soldering

气焊gas welding
气割gas cutting
氩弧焊argon arc welding
二氧化碳气体保护焊carbon dioxide arc welding(
埋弧焊submerged arc welding
电渣焊electroslag welding
电阻焊resistance welding
摩擦焊friction welding

19. 钢铁零件表面预处理 pretreatment for steel parts
磨光burnish
抛光polish
滚光
除油degrease
除锈derusting
磷化phosphate

20. 铝合金表面预处理 pretreatment for aluminum alloy
除油degrease
去除氧化膜remove oxide film
转化处理conversion treatment

21. 塑料表面预处理 pretreatment for plastics
退火anneal
脱脂 degrease
除尘，除静电   dust removal ; Destaticizing
湿润和粗化 clouding & roughening

镀锌 zinc plating
镀铜 copper plating
镀镍 nickel plating
镀铬chromium plating
22. 电镀 plating
电镀单金属 single metal

电镀合金 Alloy

暗镍/半亮镍/光亮镍/装饰铬
半亮镍/高硫镍/光亮镍/装饰铬
半亮镍/光亮镍/应力镍/微裂纹铬
半亮镍/高硫镍/光亮镍/封闭镍/微孔铬

23. 电镀层检验 plating inspection
外观 appearance
结合力binding force
耐蚀性 （盐雾试验）salt spray test
镀层厚度 thickness of plating
耐磨性 wear resistance

24. 涂装coating
刷漆 painting
手工喷涂 manual spraying
静电喷漆 electrostatic painting
电泳涂装electrophoretic coating
静电喷粉Electrostatic Dusting
浸涂dip coating