雅思托福基础测试题.doc

Model Test (Basic)vocabulary part I （20分）1. Thegovernmentisdeterminedtoprotectitstobacco _. A) monopoly B) monotony C) monologue D) monograph2. Apparently ininterviewsherefusestotalkabout his _life. A) privacy B) private C) universe D) unify3. Hedecidedto postponetheirholiday_nextyear. A) on B) for C) until D) in4. Withintwoweeksofarrival,allforeignershadto_withthelocalpolice. A) inquireB)consultC)registerD)profession5.Ashehas_ourpatience,wellnotwaitforhimanylonger. A)tornB)wastedC)exhaustedD)consumed6. Theseteacherstrytobeobjectivewhenthey_theintegratedabilityof theirstudents. A)justifyB)evaluateC)indicateD)reckon7. Mrs.Morrissdaughterisprettyand_,andmanygirlsenvyher. A)slenderB)lightC)faintD)minor8. Tomorrowthemayoristo_agroupofCanadianbusinessmenonatourofthecity. A)coordinateB)cooperateC)accompanyD)associate9. NormanDaviswillberememberedbymany_withnotonlyasagreat scholarbutalsoasamostdelightfulandfaithfulfriend. A)kindnessB)friendlinessC)warmthD)affection10. Technological _ has been sorapidover the last few years. A）retrograde B)retrogress C) progress D) project11. Salariesfor_positionsseemtobehigherthanforpermanentones. A)legalB)optionalC)voluntaryD)temporary12. Heneverarrivesontimeandmy_isthathefeelsthemeetingsareuseless. A)preferenceB)conferenceC)inferenceD)reference13. Itisobviousthatthisnewruleisapplicabletoeveryonewithout_. A)exceptionB)exclusionC)modificationD)substitution14.Criticsbelievethatthecontroloftelevisionbymassadvertisinghas_thequalityoftheprograms. A)lessenedB)declinedC)affectedD)effected15.The_atthemilitaryacademyissorigidthatstudentscanhardlybearit. A)conventionB)confinementC)principleD)discipline16. Theres not much _thatthiswarwill be over soon. A)prospect B)process C) foreground D)profess17. Itwasthefirsttimethatsucha_hadtobetakenataBritishnuclearpower station.A)presentationB)precautionC)preparationD)prediction18.Shefelt_ when herclosestfriendmovedaway.A) desolate B) solace C) insulate D)repugnant19.Youshouldtryto_yourambitionandbemorerealistic.A)reserveB)restrainC)retainD)replace20.Theshipsgeneratorbrokedown,andthepumpshadtobeoperated_insteadofmechanically. A)artificiallyB)automaticallyC)manuallyD)syntheticallyPart II （10分）1. Shealsophotographsawayfromherstudioatvariousarchitecturalsites,bringingcamera, lights,mirrors,andacrewofassistantstotransformthesiteintoherownabstractimage. Thewordtransformisclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing? A)move B)extend C)change D)interpret2. Theupperendoftheseaanemonehasamouthsurroundedbytentaclesthattheanimalstocaptureitsfood. Thewordcaptureisclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing? A)catch B)control C)cover D)clean3. Whendisturbed,aseaanemoneretractsitstentaclesandshortensitsbodysothat it resemblesalumponarock. Thewordretractsisclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing? A)pullsback B)relaxes C)reproduces D)liftsup4. Nevertheless,manylocalresidentswanttoretaintheexistingthecharacterofthearea. Thewordretainisclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing? A)preserve B)possess C)enjoy D)improve5. Arockdurableenoughtohavewithstoodnaturalconditionsforaverylongtimeinother areascouldprobablybeshatteredintosmallpiecesbysaltweatheringwithinafew generations. Thewordshatteredisclosestinmeaningtowhichoffollowing? A)arranged B)dissolved C)brokenapart D)gatheredtogetherGrammar （30分）1. According to the law, _ have an equal right to an education.A. every of children B. every child C. all of children D. all children2. The workers in that factory are paid _. A. by the hour B. by an hour C. by hour D. by hours3. They talked about the problem among _.A. them B. each other C. themselves D. one another4. A good writer is _ who can express the commonplace in an uncommon way. A. that B. he C. one D. this5. Which do you think _ , wealth or health? A. best B. better C. the better D. the best6.The size of that island is about _ that of this one. A. three times as much as B. as three times much as C. as three times greater than D. three times as big as7. That last novel of his is _ the best he has written. A. by far B. so far C. by then D. so much8. A good sleep can _ a tiring day. A. make out for B. make up C. make up for D. make up to9. He hasnt any money so I _ him some. A. will be lending B. am to lend C. would lend D. am going to lend10. He promised to let me have the book as soon as he _ it. A. had read B. has read C. read D, would have read11. We can go only when the ground _ . A. is drying B. will dry C. dried D. has dried12. He went away and he _ back yet. A. is not B. has not been C. was not D. will not be13. The worlds supplies of petroleum _ . A. have been gradually exhausted B. have gradually exhausted C. are being gradually exhausted D. are gradually exhausted14. We _ your terms carefully but _ to say that we cannot accept them. A. are studying; regret B. have studied; are regretting C. have studied; regret D. have been studying; will regret15. With the development of production and science, electronics _ a wide application in a short time. A. has found B. finds C. have found D. found16. The company _ a rise in salary for ages, but nothing has happened yet. A. has been promised B. has been promising C. is promising D. promised17. The children _ many times not to go near the stove. A. have told B. told C. have been told D. are told18. The experiment is very expensive. But _ succeed, we would be able to make production more efficient. A. should we B. were we C. if should we D. if we19. _ if you had lost your watch? A. Hadnt you been upset B. Wouldnt you be upset C. Werent you upset D. Wouldnt you have upset20. I wished it _ but it did. A. not occurred B. did not occur C. had not occurred D. would not occur21. If I had only read all the books before I _ the lecture! A. attended B. would have attended C. had attended D. have attended22. The swimmer was very tired but he _ reach the shore before he collapsed. A. managed B. could C. was succeeded to D. was able to23. _ as much as one-fourth of all timber harvested is not used proved to be false. A. The estimate B The estimate that C. They are estimated D. It is estimated that 24. The lawyer told his client that _. A. the case was of a small chance to win B. it was nearly impossible to win him the case C. they had little chance of winning the case D. the chance of their winning the case was little25. _ that men try to do the same things as nature does, and they usually have to do them in a different way. A. The fact is so interesting B. It is an interesting fact C. The fact has much interest D. There is a fact so interesting 26. We were all overjoyed at the news _ the experiment turned out a success. A. that B. which C. when D. what27. The man _ had little information.A. I spoke of B. of who I spoke C. I spoke of whom D. whom I spoke 28. The size of the audience, _ we had expected, was well over twenty thousand. A. whom B. as C. which D. that29. The higher income tax is harmful _ it may discourage people from trying to earn more. A. so that B. in that C. unless D. in case30. Only in the last few years _ to help the underprivileged in the country. A. something is done B. is something done C. has there something been done D. has anything been doneReading （30分）Interesting Day Courses in your AreaA Photographing WildlifeThis workshop includes an introduction in the classroom, two photography sessions with specially arranged access to the zoo enclosures so that you can take natural-looking close-ups of the most exotic species, and the opportunity to review and discuss your images as a group.B Drawing For FunYou will learn some basic techniques using soft pencils and charcoal. These and different types of paper are provided. Just bring yourself and a willingness to have a go. This is a start-up day so people who have already attended courses should not apply.C Find Your VoiceYou may feel you cant sing or you may be an established singer who wants to improve or gain confidence. You will be shown how to sing in tune, how to breathe correctly and how to project your voice. You may attend this course more than once and each time have a wonderful experience. Everyone can sing and its great fun.D Focus On LandscapesThis course is designed for students who are familiar with painting in watercolors, but are having difficulty with some techniques. We will discuss choice of materials, color mixing and any other areas that may be raised.The day will start with a demonstration, followed by an opportunity to sketch outdoors. After a light lunch cooked in the studio, there will be a further practical session.E Taking Happy PicturesThe main objective is to introduce you to the skills required to take good photographs of people at special events, such as parties or weddings.We will discuss camera settings, dealing with varied light or bad weather, and how to get a good atmosphere. Lunch is provided at a nearby hotel, followed by a practical session inside the studio.F The Music TakeawayGet some friends, family or colleagues together for your own music course in a venue of your choice, which could be your front room, basement or workplace. We send two guitar tutors to lead a one-day session for you in the style of music you prefer, such as rock, country, funk or blues.Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet.NB You may use any letter more than once.Participants can decide where the course is held.Different ability levels are welcome.All the necessary materials are supplied. Participants will be able to go where the public are not normally allowed.It is possible to repeat this course.You can select what to study from a range of options.The course will provided advice on how to overcome difficult conditions.THE LONG-TERM STABILITY OF ECOSYSTEMSPlant communities assemble themselves flexibly, and their particular structure depends on the specific history of the area. Ecologists use the term “ succession ” to refer to the changes that happen in plant communities and ecosystems over time. The first community in a succession is called a pioneer community, while the long-lived community at the end of succession is called a a climax community. Pioneer and successional plant communities are said to change over periods from 1 to 500 years. These changes in plant numbers and the mix of species are cumulative. Climax communities themselves change but over periods of time greater than about 500 years. An ecologist who studies a pond today may well find it relatively unchanged in a years time. Individual fish may be replaced, but the number of fish may tend to be the same from one year to the next. We can say that the properties of an ecosystem are more stable than the individual organisms that compose the ecosystem. At one time. Ecologists believed that species diversity made ecosystem stable. They believed that the greater the diversity the more stable the ecosystem. Support for this idea came from observation that long-lasting climax communities usually have more complex food webs and more species diversity than pioneer communities. Ecologist concluded that the apparent stability of climax ecosystems depended on their complexity. To take an extreme example, farmlands dominated by a singe crop are so unstable that one year of bad weather or the invasion of a single pest can destroy their entire crop. In contrast, a complex climax community , such as a temperate forest, will tolerate considerable damage from bad weather or pests. The question of ecosystem stability is complicated, however. The first problem is that ecologist dont all agree what “stability “ means . Stability can be all defined as simply lack of change. In that case, the climax community would be considered the most stable, since, by definition, it changes the least over time. Alternatively, stability can be defined as the speed with which an ecosystem returns to a particular form following a major disturbance, such as a fire. This kind of stability is also called resilience . In that case, climax community would be the most fragile and the least stable, since they can acquire hundreds of years to return to the complex state. Even the kind of stability defined as simple lack of change is not always associated with maximum diversity. At least in temperate zones, maximum diversity is often found in mid-successional stages, not in the climax community. Once a redwood forest matures, for example, the kinds of species and the number of individuals growing on the forest floor are reduced. In general, diversity, by itself, does not ensure stability. Mathematical models of ecosystems likewise suggest that diversity does not guarantee ecosystem stability- just the opposite, in fact. A more complicated system is , in general, more likely than a simple system to break down. (A fifteen-speed racing bicycle is more likely to break down than a childs tricycle）Ecologists are especially interested in knowing what factors contribute to the resilience of communities because climax communities all over the world are being severely damaged or destroyed by human activities. The destruction caused by volcanic explosion of Mount. St. Helens, in the northwestern United States, for example , pales in comparison to the construction cause by humans. We need to know what aspects of community are most important to the communi